无人机在水环境监测中的航迹规划

无人机在水环境监测中,受其物理性能和风险因素影响无法一次性的对所有区域进行监测,充分发挥无人机的使用效率变得极为重要。提出了无人机在水环境监测中的最优航迹规划问题,建立了该问题的数学模型,在此基础上提出了一种基于遗传—模拟退火优化算法,采用网格空间表示与方向编码相结合的方法减小了计算量。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能够得到比遗传算法更优的解,可以有效解决无人机在水环境监测中的航迹规划问题。     

基于粒子群优化算法的无人机航迹规划

提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的无人机航迹规划方法,利用粒子群优化算法,在等效数字地图中实现单个目标点的无人机航迹规划,并对算法性能进行仔细分析,仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速有效地完成航迹规划任务,得到满意的三维航迹。     

基于粒子群优化算法的无人机航迹规划

提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的无人机航迹规划方法,利用粒子群优化算法,在等效数字地图中实现单个目标点的无人机航迹规划,并对算法性能进行仔细分析,仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速有效地完成航迹规划任务．得到满意的三维航迹。     

基于几何法的无人机航迹规划

针对无人机的三维航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于几何法的航迹规划算法.通过对无人机飞行航迹的分析,将无人机航迹看作是由一系列直线、圆弧和螺旋线的有序组成.研究了无人机最大过载系数、最大平飞速度、升限等性能与航迹可行性的关系,得出生成最优航迹的限定条件.讨论了几何法无人机航迹规划的步骤.按照几何原理对无人机航迹进行了规划,将无人战斗机的机动性能在航迹中充分体现出来.计算机仿真结果表明用几何法规划的航迹具有较好的适用性.     

基于EB-RRT*的无人机航迹规划算法研究

随着小型无人机的广泛应用,无人机的自动巡航能力变得至关重要。无人机航迹规划,是指其在已知环境地图信息下展开航迹规划以实现无碰撞地、平滑地从初始点到达目标点。针对现有算法依然存在收敛速度慢、遍历时间长和航迹曲线化无法满足实际无人机飞行条件等问题,首先提出了EB-RRT*(Efficient B-RRT*)算法,设计自适应避障提高算法收敛速度并减少内存占用;然后采用栅格分区的方法缩短附近节点的遍历时间;最后利用合理的降采样和三次贝塞尔插值算法对折点进行光滑化的处理,使算法最终生成相对平滑的航迹,为无人机实际飞行提供可行航迹规划方法。进行了多组不同环境复杂度的实验,并将该算法与其他算法进行对比,结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于改进A*算法的无人机航迹规划

在无人机航迹规划问题的研究中,针对在执行飞行任务前,需要根据所经区域内已知的地形、地貌、障碍和威胁等信息以及飞机本身机动能力的限制计算出飞行航迹, 并根据规划出的航迹完成飞行任务.能准确识别起始点到目标航路,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的无人机航迹规划方法,将无人机自身的性能和飞行任务结合到A*算法中去,在节点的搜索过程中解决了A*算法大空间搜索耗时多的问题.通过简单的路径消减算法去除不必要的航迹点,使得规划出来的航迹能够最大程度上满足无人机的运动特性.仿真结果表明采用的方法计算速度快并且规划达到最优性能.     

无人机三维航迹规划方法研究

航迹规划算法是无人机关键技术之一,同时也是任务规划系统（Mission Planning System）核心之一。针对固定目标规划问题,提出一种voronoi图改进算法和动态稀疏A*算法融合的三维航迹规划方法。该方法针对固定威胁目标,通过改进voronoi图规划算法快速求解二维航迹路径,然后在该路径参考下,用动态稀疏A*算法求解符合无人机飞行动力学约束的三维航迹。试验表明,该算法比动态稀疏A*算法规划速度快,并保证了航迹最优性。     

无人机航迹规划与监控系统设计

无人机作为现代战争中广泛使用的设备,使无人机安全、准时完成任务。航迹规划就是针对各种任务需求,为无人机提供一条或多条可行航线,确保无人机处于自主飞行状态。本研究目的是研发通用性特征的无人机航迹规划与监控系统,在阐述设计该系统原则基础上,详细介绍无人机航迹规划与监控系统分层架构及用户控制层、数据管理层等,并提出开展各项测试。结果表明,所设计系统能顺利通过测试,达到实际应用的需求。     

基于A*算法的无人机跟踪目标的航迹规划

针对无人机跟踪目标的航迹规划问题,文章提出了一种双评估函数的改进A*算法;首先,根据无人机在跟踪目标时的飞行特点提出了航迹规划策略,并结合无人机的油耗、航迹长短和机动性能等约束条件来设计中间目标点的评估函数和航迹片段的评估函数;之后,采用加权法对A*算法进行改进,以使航迹的优化与时间耗费之间找到平衡点;同时,改进在Open表中插入与删除节点的方式,提高计算效率;最后,通过对跟踪航迹的仿真,表明该算法可以快速、有效地为无人机在跟踪目标时规划出优化的航迹.     

关于无人机飞行航迹跟踪优化控制研究北大核心CSCD

研究无人机任务规划中的飞行航迹跟踪优化控制。为克服传统航迹规划算法仅使用航迹关键点难以满足无人机执行任务对航迹跟踪的要求,提出了一种用C^2样条算法融合的无人机三维航迹跟踪优化控制方法,解决了不同航段中无人机的可飞性、边界限制、过载限制等约束。首先针对巡航段航迹采用融合算法中的3D样条优化生成具有时效性的光滑航迹曲线。然后针对任务段航迹采用融合算法中的4D样条优化进一步生成能控制航迹关键点速度的航迹曲线,完成整条航迹的跟踪优化。仿真结果表明,关于C^2样条算法融合的无人机三维航迹优化方法能有效地优化出无人机的实际飞行轨迹,有助于无人机的航迹跟踪控制。能够满足任务规划中无人机对航迹跟踪优化控制的高精度要求,为任务执行提供良好航迹条件。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.