驾驶员敏感行为对入匝道口车流量的影响

在交通流优化的研究中,为了解决驾驶员的敏感行为因素对入匝道口的车流量影响的问题,利用人匝道系统模型在开放边界条件下,采用元胞自动机方法得到驾驶员敏感行为因素引入与否的入匝道口处的车流量数据,得到了不同车辆运行方式条件下入匝道系统各路段的交通流图.结果表明,引入驾驶员敏感行为因素能够显著提高主干道上的车流量;当主干道上车辆较少而匝道上车辆较多时,引入驾驶员敏感行为因素能够显著提高匝道路段的车流量.当主干道和匝道上车辆均较多时,匝道上车辆的随机减速过程更为频繁,从而导致匝道路段流量降低,而驾驶员的敏感驾驶行为在一定程度上能够减少道路瓶颈处堵塞情况的发生.     

换道概率对二维元胞自动机交通流量的影响

针对城市二维道路交通网络十字交叉路口在红绿灯控制下行驶的车道问题,提出一种四向交通道路模型,其中包括考虑加速度、换道概率参数对交通流的影响。采用元胞自动机模型(BML模型)模拟车辆运行的动态过程,给出换道概率临界点位置对车流量影响之间的关系。数值结果表明,换道概率对整个进、出口车流量产生扰动影响,换道规则符合车辆运行状态。     

一种改进的一维元胞自动机交通流模型

在一维交通流元胞自动机NaSch模型的基础上,考虑到不同车辆的驾驶员在敏感驾驶随机减速行为过程中其延迟概率是不同的,从而提出了一种改进的一维敏感驾驶元胞自动机交通流模型。根据所给出的车辆状态演化的并行更新规则进行了计算机仿真,模拟得到的基本图表明,与NaSch模型、SDNaSch模型相比,道路交通流量有较大的提高,而且还展现了亚稳态、相分离等复杂的实际交通现象。     

元胞自动机交通流NS模型相图研究

基于开放边界条件下元胞自动机交通流NS模型,模拟入口概率[α]、出口概率[β]、车辆最大速度[Vmax]以及随机慢化概率[ρ]对系统流量[J]的影响,根据不同流相中流量[J]的变化规律,建立NS模型的相图。结果表明,车辆最大速度在一定范围内的增加能提高系统流量,车辆的随机慢化概率在小于临界随机慢化概率[ρc]时,不会对系统流量造成影响,而超过[ρc]时,随机慢化概率越大,对系统流量的反作用越明显。[Vmax]和[ρ]决定系统相图。当[Vmax=5],[ρ<ρc]时,系统相图只由自由流相和堵塞流相构成,自由流相和堵塞流相被一条曲线分开;[ρ>ρc]时,最大流相出现,最大流相区域随着[ρ]增大而增加。     

基于BML模型的二维交通流系统的模拟分析

BML模型是专门用于模拟分析交通现象的元胞自动机模型,利用此模型通过计算机模拟二维城市交通流系统,找出车辆的平均速度与平均密度等参数的关系,通过编程模拟的交通流的时空图可以得出当车辆密度保持基本不变时,交通流由完全阻塞相恢复到运动相存在着自组织性,并且指出相变点的位置与平均密度有着密切的关系,同时分析了临界密度在交通控制中的实际意义。     

基于模糊控制规则的元胞自动机模型

针对单车道道路交通流提出了一种新的基于模糊控制规则的元胞自动机模型。与NaSch模型不同,新模型中的随机慢化概率是根据模糊控制规则计算得来的。在新模型的模糊控制规则中,将当前车辆的车间距以及其与前车的速度差作为输入因素,经过模糊推理从而计算出当前车辆本时间步的随机慢化概率。经过计算机仿真发现,新模型的基本图和时空图较好地重现了现实道路交通流中的某些宏观特性,如时走时停波、回滞以及亚稳态等现象。     

考虑前车动态效应的高速跟驰交通流研究

为描述交通中存在的“高速跟驰”现象,在NaSch模型的基础上,考虑了前车的运动特性,并结合驾驶员的驾驶行为差异,建立了考虑前车动态效应的高速跟驰交通流模型（DPM）。通过数值模拟得到了高速跟驰规律,当道路车流密度为0.18时,车道上的高速跟驰率为4.93%;同时,通过分析车辆运动的时空特性,模拟出交通流中自由流、同步流以及宽幅运动阻塞现象;还得出了不同驾驶员占比下的速度-流量-密度的关系;并分析了车辆随时间变化的速度及车头间距波动情况,较NaSch模型有更高的交通稳定性。通过NGSIM数据集及国内实测数据验证了DPM模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于元胞自动机的多车道机非混合道路交通流

车辆的行驶受到本车道以及邻近车道前后邻近车辆的影响,在城市交通中机非混合对车辆行走的影响尤为复杂。通过研究路段上机非混合通行交通流的本质特性,综合考虑非机动车对机动车换道规则及加减速规则的"摩擦"和"阻滞"干扰影响,建立描述路段混合通行道路交通流的元胞自动机(CA)模型,从不同的机非混合比例下道路交通流的流量、速度变化情况,流量与车辆到达率关系,交通流相位相变等方面仿真模拟混合交通流的机非干扰机理。     

道路网元胞自动机交通流仿真研究

对于交通流移动对象的模拟,论述了现有模型的不足,并提出基于道路网的元胞自动机模型（RN-CA）。该模型不仅模拟移动对象在交通流中的行为,还引入不同类型道路和车辆情况下的发车、跟车、超车和矫正模型,使模拟更精确、可靠。采用Dijkastra算法,综合考虑道路长度、车道数、流量、平均速度等因素动态计算最优行驶路径。对于行车时间预估,采用模拟加预估的方式,综合考虑当前和历史路况。为了改进系统的性能,系统采用可调节线程数目的模拟方式。     

转向概率对H型元胞自动机的交通流特性研究

H型路口在城区窄车道处非常易见,以N-S元胞自动机模型为基础,在开放边界条件下,交叉口处车辆转向概率会对交通流产生一定的干扰作用,以此建立H型元胞自动机模型。通过研究转向概率和红绿灯设置对交通流的特性影响,指出量变点的位置与转向概率大小,平均速度有密切联系,红绿灯配时差异减少转向车辆干扰,增加交通流量,同时分析临界转向概率对交通流控制的意义。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.