改进遗传优化的贝叶斯网络结构学习

针对贝叶斯网络结构学习提出了一种改进的遗传算法,和传统遗传算法相比,该改进算法针对贝叶斯网络结构学习问题增加了优化变异和修正非法图两个新的算子。新算子不但保持了贝叶斯网络学习的多样性和正确性,而且还能保证算法快速搜索到全局最优的网络结构。将该改进遗传算法用于贝叶斯网络结构学习的仿真结果表明,和传统K2算法、GS／GES算法、遗传算法和粒子群算法等算法相比,该算法具有更好的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。     

面向粒子群优化的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法

提出了一种基于离散粒子群优化的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法——PSBN（Particle Swarm for Bayesian Network）。贝叶斯网络的结构被映射为一种符号编码,通过在迭代过程中对粒子的符号编码进行调整,从而进化得到具有更高适应度值的贝叶斯网络结构。根据贝叶斯网络的结构特点,粒子位置和速度的编码方案和基本操作被设计,使得算法对贝叶斯网络的结构学习有较好的收敛性。实验结果表明,与基于遗传算法的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法相比,PSBN算法具有较好的学习效果。     

贝叶斯网络结构学习的简化贪婪算法

基于数据的贝叶斯网络结构学习是一个NP难题.基于条件约束和评分搜索相结合的方法是贝叶斯网络结构学习的一个热点.基于互信息理论提出一种最大支撑树(MWST)机制,并基于最大支撑树结合贪婪搜索的思想提出一种简化贪婪算法.简化贪婪算法不依赖先验知识,完全基于数据集.首先,通过计算互信息建立目标网络的最大支撑树;然后,在最大支撑树的基础上学习初始网络结构,最后,利用简化搜索机制对初始结构进一步优化,最终完成贝叶斯网络的结构学习.数据仿真实验证明,简化贪婪算法不仅具有很高的精度而且具有高效率.     

基于节点排序的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法

针对K2算法学习贝叶斯网络结构时需要确定节点顺序的问题,提出一种混合贝叶斯网络结构学习算法。在给定数据集的情况下,利用MMPC算法获得网络的初始结构图,应用广度优先搜索的方式对此初始结构图进行搜索,从该图中入度为0的节点出发,按层次依次访问图中的邻接点,获得优化的节点顺序。将该节点顺序作为K2算法的初始节点顺序,再利用K2算法对空间进行搜索,找到全局最优解。实验结果表明,与K2算法和限制性粒子群算法相比,该算法在相同的样本数据集下产生多边、少边和反边情况的概率更低,并且可学习到更准确的贝叶斯网络结构,收敛速度快、求解精度高。     

基于捕食逃逸PSO的贝叶斯网络分类器

构造精确的贝叶斯网络分类器已被证明为NP难问题,提出了一种基于捕食逃逸粒子群优化(PSO)算法的通用贝叶斯网络分类器,能有效避免数据预处理时的属性约简对分类效果的直接影响,实现对贝叶斯网络结构的精确学习和搜索。另外,将所提出的分类器应用于高职院校就业预测分析,并在Weka平台上实现对该分类器的构建和验证,与其他几种贝叶斯网络分类器的对比实验结果表明,该分类器具有更好的性能。     

近似图引导的演化贝叶斯网络结构学习算法

贝叶斯网络结构学习是贝叶斯网络推理及应用的基础.搜索高质量的节点序是贝叶斯网络结构学习的一类重要方法.针对在节点序空间中,搜索高质量节点序存在的难以高效、准确评估解的问题,本文提出了一种近似图引导的演化贝叶斯网络结构学习算法.首先,该算法利用互信息构建无向近似图;其次,该算法通过结合节点序和无向近似图构造有向图结构,将其贝叶斯信息准则评分作为节点序的适应度来高效评估节点序,并在演化优化的框架下,使用提出的基于Kendall Tau Distance的交叉算子和基于逆度的变异算子搜索最优节点序;最后,将搜索到的最优节点序输入K2算法得到其对应的贝叶斯网络结构.在4种不同规模网络上的实验结果表明,该算法在收敛时间和准确度之间取得了较好的平衡,其评分相较于对比算法中的次优解分别提升了10.91%、12.28%、53.96%、10.87%.     

一种基于预排序的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法

贝叶斯网络结构学习对贝叶斯网络解决实际问题至关重要.基于评分与搜索的方法是目前比较常用的结构学习方法,但该类方法中结构搜索空间的大小随结点个数增加而指数增长,因此一般采用启发式搜索策略,有些方法还需要结点次序.在基于结点次序的最大相关-最小冗余贪婪贝叶斯网络结构学习算法中,由于是随机产生初始结点的次序,这增大了结果的不确定性.本文提出一种生成优化结点初始次序的方法,在得到基本有序的结点初始次序后,再结合近邻交换算子进行迭代搜索,能够在较短的时间内得到更加正确的贝叶斯网络结构.实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于链模型和粒子群的贝叶斯网结构学习算法

为提高学习贝叶斯网络结构的效率,提出一种基于链模型和粒子群的学习算法。利用包含贝叶斯网节点间因果关系信息的规则链模型来衡量拓扑序列的优劣,提高搜索的拓扑序列的质量,为粒子位置可选择的优化算法加上动态权重系数,平衡全局搜索和局部搜索,提高算法的搜索能力。实验结果表明,与I-ACO-B算法相比,该算法不仅能获得更好的解,且收敛速度也有一定的提高。     

具有丢失数据的贝叶斯网络结构学习研究

目前主要基于EM算法和打分-搜索方法进行具有丢失数据的贝叶斯网络结构学习,算法效率较低,而且易于陷入局部最优结构.针对这些问题,建立了一种新的具有丢失数据的贝叶斯网络结构学习方法.首先随机初始化未观察到的数据,得到完整的数据集,并利用完整数据集建立最大似然树作为初始贝叶斯网络结构,然后进行迭代学习.在每一次迭代中,结合贝叶斯网络结构和Gibbs sampling修正未观察到的数据,在新的完整数据集的基础上,基于变量之间的基本依赖关系和依赖分析思想调整贝叶斯网络结构,直到结构趋于稳定.该方法既解决了标准Gi     

贝叶斯网络结构学习综述

贝叶斯网络是一种有效的不确定性知识表达和推理工具,在数据挖掘等领域得到了较好的应用,而结构学习是其重要研究内容之一.经过二十多年的发展,已经出现了一些比较成熟的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法,对迄今为止的贝叶斯网络结构学习方法进行了综述.现阶段获得的用于结构学习的观测数据都比较复杂,这些数据分为完备数据和不完备数据两种类型.针对完备数据,分别从基于依赖统计分析的方法、基于评分搜索的方法和混合搜索方法三个方面对已有的算法进行分析.对于不完备数据,给出了数据不完备情况下网络结构的学习框架.在此基础上归纳总结了贝叶斯网络结构学习各个方向的研究进展,给出了贝叶斯网络结构学习未来可能的研究方向.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。