梳棉机盖板踵趾差与踵趾面修复的探讨

对梳棉机盖板踵趾差进行分析探讨,提出了踵趾差的计算方法,计算了它的最佳值;同时对棉纺厂常见的踵趾差状况进行了讨论,认为要保证成纱质量,必须定期修复踵趾面,使踵趾差处于最佳值。     

梳棉机盖板踵趾差问题的探讨

研究了盖板踵趾差问题.通过对盖板踵趾差的作用、盖板踵趾差的种类、踵趾差对锡林盖板隔距的影响、踵趾差对小隔距区间长度的影响和踵趾差变化对梳理质量的影响等方面的剖析,阐述了踵趾差对梳理过程的影响.指出,踵趾差问题仍然需要进一步研究,以寻找出能使高产梳棉机产量进一步提高的优化的盖板踵趾差.     

踵趾差严重磨损影响后续质量的分析

为了提高梳棉机自由分梳效果,延长活动盖板使用寿命,保证棉网质量,从介绍活动盖板踵趾差磨损后对分梳效果的影响入手,从运动方向及踵趾差设计两方面,分析了踵趾差磨损的原因及影响,特别针对踵趾差磨损后辅机加工的问题进行了重点分析。指出：活动盖板状态是以其针布的点（齿密）、线（直线隔距保障）、面（圆整度）及踵趾差的磨损控制来衡量...     

盖板踵趾面磨损及辅机加工不良对分梳质量的影响

为了提高梳棉机分梳质量,介绍了活动盖板踵趾差设计的目的及对分梳质量的影响,重点阐述了活动盖板踵趾面磨损的原因、预防措施及磨损后的表现,通过对辅机加工因素的分析,指出活动盖板踵趾差的设计是为了盖板平面针布与锡林圆弧面针布更好配合,趾端入口隔距大,踵端出口隔距小,使分梳柔和、减少冲击.当踵趾面磨损、踵趾差改变或磨盖板辅机状态不良时,将使盖板针面磨后呈"V"形面,从而影响自由分梳作用和棉网质量,提请人们重视并建议梳棉机大修时,应修磨盖板骨踵趾面,以保证自由分梳区针布功能的充分发挥,才能确保棉网各项指标符合要求.     

梳棉机盖板踵趾差的研究分析

分析了盖板踵趾差在梳理过程中的作用,论述了盖板安装配置及踵趾差的关系,踵点、趾点在梳理效果上的差异,并论述了大踵趾差（0.846-9 mm）、小踵趾差（0.56 mm）及更小踵趾差（0.49 mm）的情况和作用,并作了工艺试验,论证了在生条成纱质量上的效果。     

梳棉机盖板踵趾差与针面形状的分析和实验

本文对梳棉机盖板不同踵趾差进行了计算分析,指出将踵端磨3毫米小平面,有利于提高梳理作用和正确校正锡林盖板隔距,并在生产中进行了对比试验,证明对减少棉结确有一定效果。     

梳棉机盖板踵趾面耐磨性研究

分析了传统的铸铁盖板骨架踵趾面耐磨性差的原因,通过研制加入微量元素的铸铁盖板骨架并进行试验论证,证明其踵趾面的耐磨性能明显提高。     

梳棉机盖板踵趾差减小为0.55毫米试验

国产梳棉机的盖板踵趾差为0.90毫米。为了增加盖板针布的分梳面积,增强对纤维的分梳,我厂将其减至0.55毫米作试验。试验前后盖板针布均为709型。试验方法:在一台车上用同一个棉卷在盖板踵趾差为0.9毫米机台上取三个样,然后换上盖板小踵趾为0.5～0.6毫米,再取三个试样作对比,结果说明,采用盖板小踵趾差后增强了分梳,改后较改前棉结减少为11.4％,杂质减少了4.9％。后来又扩大到18台梳棉机作小踵趾差盖板试验,长期与大面积对比棉结     

小踵趾差盖板的试验分析

本文对0.56毫米小踵趾差并加磨3毫米小平面的盖板的理论依据作了分析,并介绍了加工方法和试验情况。试验结果说明,梳棉机采用小踵趾差盖板是加强分梳的有效措施之一。     

上海市棉纺织科学技术研究所五项技术成果通过鉴定

我所从1986年四季度以来,对以下科研项目作了技术鉴定。一、梳棉机盖板改磨小踵趾差、小平面的试验研究于1986年12月由上海棉纺公司主持组织通过了技术鉴定。纺织局、各公司、大专院校、工厂代表共115人参加了鉴定会议。梳棉机回转盖板的踵趾差原为0.9毫米,现改为0.6毫米,踵端磨3毫米小平面。经多方案反复试验,由于踵趾差改小,在相同名义的锡林与盖板隔距下,小踵趾、小平面的针面与锡林隔距改小,盖板针面的梳理负荷得到进一步的加     

Length of small gauge zone between cylinder and flat of a card

The length of small gauge zone (SGZ) between cylinder and flat of a card was studied mathematically. A formula to calculate the length was derived with geometry and calculus methods, by which the abscissa of the point at which the flat–cylinder gauge was minimal was obtained. The effect of heel–toe difference (HTD), cylinder radius, flat setover, minimum flat–cylinder gauge, as well as the difference between outlet gauge and minimum flat–cylinder gauge on the length of SGZ was discussed, respectively. It is concluded that a smaller cylinder radius, smaller HTD and a longer flat setover will help to lengthen SGZ. Given an appropriate value of the difference between the outlet gauge and the minimum gauge, δ, a longer SGZ will be beneficial to improving the carding intensity. But the influence of δ and the minimum flat–cylinder gauge on the length of SGZ can be ignored. The conclusion is of some theoretical value for manufacturers of textile accessories or machinery to accurately choose parameters such as cylinder radius, HTD and setover in production.     

横编全成形袜子工艺设计与编织原理

针对传统袜子下机需套口缝合、生产成本高的问题,采用双针床电脑横机及SDS-ONE APPEX3设计系统,从花型设计、工艺参数以及编织工艺3方面对全成形袜子进行研究。根据袜头成形结构不同,提出普通包趾袜、五趾袜、内五趾袜的全成形袜子分类方法,分别探讨了全成形袜子各部段的编织工艺,其中对3种袜头编织工艺进行重点探讨。研究表明:袜头采用局部编织工艺实现圆弧状和内五指袜趾间隔片编织;在袜脚、袜筒编织过程,通过收放针工艺实现圆筒的横向尺寸变化;袜跟在引返编织同时进行收放针,以形成梯形袋状结构;袜口采用罗纹组织并插入弹性纱以防穿着时下滑,并采用平收工艺对袜口进行最后处理。     

益生菌/草本提取物复方清咽作用的实验研究

目的探讨益生菌/草本提取物复方的清咽作用。方法大鼠灌胃给予益生菌和/或草本提取物45 d,依据2012修订的保健食品"清咽功能检验方法"进行大鼠棉球植入实验、大鼠足趾肿胀实验及小鼠耳肿胀实验。结果棉球植入实验中,益生菌高剂量、草本中剂量和高剂量、益生菌低剂量+草本中剂量、益生菌低剂量+草本高剂量、益生菌高剂量+低/中/高剂量草本剂量组,大鼠肉芽肿净量显著低于对照组(P0.05),具有干预肉芽肿(慢性炎症)形成的作用;足趾肿胀实验中,致炎1 h后,草本高剂量组大鼠足趾肿胀率显著降低(P0.05),致炎1、2、6h后,益生菌高剂量+草本高剂量组足趾肿胀率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)且低于益生菌高剂量组和草本高剂量组,提示益生菌草本高剂量复方干预致炎剂诱发的足趾肿胀作用效果优于单独给予高剂量益生菌或高剂量草本;小鼠耳廓肿胀实验中,各组耳廓肿胀值及肿胀率均无显著变化。结论高剂量草本和益生菌草本高剂量复方样品具有清咽作用,且益生菌草本高剂量复方干预致炎剂诱导的急性炎症效果优于高剂量草本。     

Seasonal incidence of lameness and risk factors associated with thin soles, white line disease, ulcers, and sole punctures in dairy cattle

Lameness is a multifactorial condition with many causes. In this study, cow lifetime records were used to quantify the incidence of specific lameness-causing lesions and investigate factors associated with those lesions. Of primary interest were the effects of seasonality and the effects of thin soles (TS). Thin sole-induced toe ulcers (TSTU) occurring adjacent to the white line in the apical portion of the weight-bearing surface were distinguished from white line disease (WLD) occurring in the region of the abaxial heel sole junction. Sole (SU), heel (HU), and toe (TU) ulcers; TS; sole punctures (SP); leg injuries (INJ); and other (OTH) lesions (e.g., infectious diseases, laminitis, unclassified hemorrhage) were also considered. Data were collected from May 2004 through October 2007 and included records for 4,915 cows of which 1,861 had at least one recorded lameness event. Of these, 20% were TSTU, 20% OTH, 16% SU, 13% TS, 10% WLD, 8% HU, 6% INJ, 4% SP, and 2% TU. Annual incidence risk for lameness was 49.1%. Overall incidence rate for lameness was 1.41/1,000 cow-days, and rates for all lesions were highest in the summer. As parity increased, so did incidence rates for TS, SU, WLD, HU, and INJ. For TS, TSTU, and WLD, incidence rates were lowest in early lactation (16 to 60 DIM), whereas for SU, HU, TU, incidence rates were highest in mid lactation (61 to 150 DIM). Cox proportional hazard models for TS, TSTU, WLD, SU, HU, TU, and SP included age and year of first calving and milk production capacity. Prior/concurrent lameness events, season, parity, and stage of lactation were included as time-dependent effects. Prior/concurrent TS increased the hazard for all other lesions, particularly TSTU, and HU. Having any other prior claw lesion also increased the hazard for all lesions. Hazard was highest in summer for all lesions except TU. Stage of lactation was a significant effect in hazard of TSTU, which was lowest in mid lactation (61 to 150 DIM).     

热风脱水红辣椒前处理护色技术

红辣椒在热风干燥脱水过程中极易变色,本文通过干燥前处理技术来稳定其色素,从而找出有效而安全的护色工艺。试验通过测定红辣椒干燥后的色差值以及贮藏一定时期总色差值和感官指标的变化,选出可行的护色方法。试验结果表明,最佳护色方案为热烫温度90℃、热烫时间2 min或3 min、护色剂VC浓度0.40%。     

Optimization of reduced calorie tropical mixed fruits jam

Response surface methodology using mixture design was used to determine the optimum ratio of pineapple, papaya and carambola in the formulation of reduced calorie tropical mixed fruit jam. Ten formulations covering the entire range of a triangular simplex were subjected to sensory evaluation. Contour plot of sensory attributes showed that formulations containing 3.5–37.7% papaya, 0–15% carambola and 61.5–96.5% pineapple produced optimum acceptance. A predicted optimum formulation containing 71% pineapple, 25% papaya and 4% carambola together with two non-optimal formulations were selected and subjected to sensory evaluation to confirm the validity of the model. There was a significant difference (P⩽0.05) between the predicted optimum and the other two tested formulations. Results obtained matched the predicted value where the optimum formulation received the best sensory scores for most attributes tested. The optimum mixed fruit jam formulation contained 106 kcal/100g which is one-third of the caloric value of a normal jam.     

液态发酵猴头菌多糖工艺优化研究(Ⅱ)——促生长剂、pH值、装液量、菌龄及菌种稳定性对多糖产量的影响

研究了适于液态发酵猴头菌多糖的促生长剂、pH值及装液量、菌龄和菌种稳定性对HEP的影响。结果表明 ,VB1可以大幅度提高HEP的产量 ,最适培养基初始 pH值为 5 ,装液量以 5 0mL/ 2 5 0mL为最好 ,液态种子菌龄 84h最好 ,菌种稳定性则第 1代产量最高 ,第 2、3、4代间差异不显著 ,第 5代明显衰退     

环保型载体LM在涤纶染色中的应用研究

研究了环保型载体LM在涤纶分散染料染色中的应用,探讨了载体用量、染色pH值、染色温度及染色时间对染色效果的影响。通过正交实验方法,确定了分散红E-3B最佳染色工艺。结果表明当染料用量为3%(owf),载体LM用量5%(owf),pH值6.5,100℃保温染色40min时染色效果最好。与高温高压染色法相比,染色织物颜色特征值和染色牢度差别不大。     

Gait pattern of heifers before and after claw trimming: a high-speed cinematographic study on a treadmill

The manner in which the claws contacted the ground at the walk was evaluated in 18 healthy heifers. The animals were filmed before and after claw trimming while walking on a treadmill using high-speed cinematography (500 frames/s). For each limb, 4 consecutive steps were recorded from a side and a frontal plane. The objectives of the study were to evaluate 1) the order of claw contact with the treadmill surface, 2) the initial claw contact area, and 3) the effect of trimming on claw contact patterns. The heifers placed their front feet on the ground in a plane sagittal to the shoulders, whereas the hind feet were advanced more toward the median plane. Before trimming, the lateral claws contacted the ground before the medial in 83% of front and 100% of hind limbs. Trimming changed the percentage to 92% in the front and to 97% in the hind limbs. The percentage with which the heel of the lateral claws became the region of initial contact with the ground increased from 47 to 64% in the front feet and from 50 to 78% in the hind feet. In the medial claws of the forelimbs, claw trimming shifted the region of initial contact from the toe to the abaxial wall and heel. In the hind limbs, the main region of initial contact of the medial claws became the abaxial wall. Weight bearing by the medial claw became visibly apparent only during the midstance, propulsion, and push-off phases. “Heel first” contact of the lateral claws in the front and hind limbs may be the normal gait pattern in cattle. On hard surfaces, this pattern may lead to overload and predispose to disease, especially in the hind limbs.