An AS Software Complex for the Automation of Spectrometry, Part One: The Concept of a Program System Invariant with Respect to Experimental Technique

A special structure and operating algorithm for a data acquisition subsystem have been developed for spectrometric experiments in which data are buffered in the memory. Universal basic software and driver-level programs for each particular spectrometer are both used in this subsystem. It is proposed that the experimental technique be taken into account in every measurement by specifying the spectrometer-state vector in terms of the variable parameters. Without any modification, such data acquisition subsystem programs are suitable for use with different spectrometers and impose no restrictions on the application of any experimental technique. A structure has been developed for the software used in a system for automating experiments, in which it is possible to perform the preliminary (and complete) on-line mathematical processing of experimental data and to realize a mode of processing that would permit the automatic cyclic execution of such operations as editing the composition of experimental data, computing, and analyzing the results.     

PTCR综合参数测试仪

结合了最新发展的虚拟仪器技术，从硬件和软件两方面介绍了PTCR综合参数测试仪的设计思想，采用计算机模拟编码，在单总线模式下，通过PC机并行口控制测试系统，采用VISUAL C＋＋6．0作为软件开发语言，可以测量PTC的电流时间特性，耐压老化特性以及伏安特性，测试结果由软件进行存储，计算，显示并打印。测试结果证明本系统较传统仪器有了很大进步，提高了测试效益。     

盾构推进系统同步控制仿真与试验研究

阐述了盾构推进液压系统工作原理。采用AMESim和MATLAB仿真软件对推进液压系统同步协调控制进行了仿真分析,同时采用PLC编译了主从式同步PID控制程序,并在盾构模拟试验台上进行了同步推进试验研究,比较了两种不同负载下的同步试验情况。仿真和试验结果表明：采用主从式同步PID控制策略能够达到很好的同步效果,同步精度可达±3mm,能较好地满足盾构在不同地质情况下同步推进控制的基本要求。
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Fatigue mitigation through the optimization of ergonomic positional parameters in massage therapy using virtual instrumentation

This paper reports a research in which a setup was developed to determine the optimal values of ergonomic positional parameters that would mitigate the development of fatigue while performing massage therapy. This setup was based on virtual instrumentation principles and consisted of a sphygmomanometer bulb, an air sac, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition card and a personal computer installed with the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineers Workbench software (LABView software). The air sac fitted in this setup is equalised with the muscles and other human body parts which a human therapist is required to press while performing massage therapy. After constructing the air sac fatigue monitoring virtual instrumentation setup, 25 participants who were not actually massage therapists were asked to press the air sac to mimic the behaviour of the massage therapists during the time of their works. After drawing necessary data by performing this activity and by entering the data in Minitab 16 software, regression models to specify optimal values of ergonomic positional parameters were developed. These regression models were practically validated by conducting experiments involving five other participants. The method of utilizing these regression models in determining the optimum values of positional parameters that would mitigate fatigue development while performing massage therapy is illustrated by presenting two cases. While concluding, it is suggested to involve actual massage therapists for testing the performance of the fatigue monitoring virtual instrumentation setup developed during the research reported in this paper.     

Investigation of vibrations in multimodule drives of cyclic machines with a branched-ring structure

The technique of dynamic investigations of multimodule cyclic machines which form vibrating-branched and ring-structured systems with constraints depending on time is developed. The spectrum of eigenfrequencies and gain-frequency characteristics in the case of kinematic excitation due to the programmed motion of execution elements is determined using continual idealization and regular system properties.     

基于PLC的继电器多通道耐久测试系统研究

针对继电器长期工作后可靠性降低、故障率上升,从而影响整机产品质量以及生产安全等问题,耐久性安全测试是十分必要的检测手段。结合基础机电继电器的国际和国内最新版本标准的新要求,研发了集继电器电气耐久和机械耐久试验于一体的多通道测试系统,该系统可同时连接电器上彼此独立的9路输出通道,实现被测样品负载或空载耐久试验的自动监控;对测试系统的技术需求做了简要介绍,给出了耐久性安全检测设备的相关设计要求;通过PLC、电流传感器以及触摸屏等自动化组件构建起了测试系统的硬件部分;软件部分主要完成了对关键试验信息(如试验模式选择、参数设定、通道选择、通断次数采集、试验异常判定与显示、声光报警等模块)的编程。研究和测试结果表明,这种新型的继电器耐久测试系统具有良好的检测效率和精度。     

基于伺服机构模拟装置的仿真模型分析

伺服机构是控制系统中关键的控制执行机构，其组成较为复杂且成本较高，测试试验时流程繁琐，不利于重复测试。提出一种用于仿真的伺服机构模拟装置，主要用于替代价格较为昂贵且工作寿命有限的真实伺服系统，可模拟伺服系统极限工作状态和特性变化范围，重点对实现该模拟装置的仿真模型进行分析论述。伺服机构模拟装置由一台伺服控制器和一套主要以NI公司硬件为基础的PXI总线控制器作为硬件平台，其中， PXI总线控制器用于模拟真实伺服系统其他硬件特性和负载特性。伺服系统的系统仿真模型主要包括控制算法模块、执行机构模块、能源模块、负载模块，其中，控制算法模块运行于伺服控制器中，执行机构模块、能源模块、负载模块运行于PXI总线实时测控系统中。通过开发的模拟装置各部分软件对控制器及其硬件板卡进行各种操作，以满足系统的需求。通过对系统性能测试结果分析，全部数据满足相关技术指标要求，与真实产品测试结果相比相差较小，能够满足使用要求。     

高、低能X射线数字成像内视仪的研制

提出了利用闪烁屏和科学级CCD相机研制适用于高、低能工业X射线成像检测内视仪的方法。结合科研工作中对内视仪性能的要求，研究了闪烁屏和科学级CCD的性能，设计了CCD的驱动电路、制冷电路和微机EPP方式远距离数据快速采集电路和相应软件。研制了完整的仪器并进行了实验，和常用的X射线数字成像系统相比，具有对比灵敏度和空间分辨率高，图像质量好的特点。     

数据库技术在人发测试数据处理中的应用

介绍了用FoxBase编制的人发测试分析数据库管理系统软件的结构、功能、计算程序、特点及扩充性。该系统软件不仅能对数量众多的原始测试数据进行分析、处理、计算和存储，而且能够在打印机上直接打印出测试分析报告，并将数据存放在数据库中或备份到磁盘上，作为资料长期保存。     

基于Internet的通用机器人远程测控软件系统

介绍了新近开发的基于Internet的通用机器人远程测控软件系统。此系统基于B／S(浏览器／服务器)模式，主要采用Java语言搭建。系统封装了网络通讯、设备识别和用户管理等功能。系统设计的优点是新的测控设备较容易接入，便于后续开发。通过使用两个分别用于远程实验和环境监测目的的小型移动机器人进行测试，验证了此软件系统的适用性和灵活性。     

Combinatorial testing for software: An adaptation of design of experiments

Software has become increasingly ubiquitous in tools and methods used for science, engineering, medicine, commerce, and human interactions. Extensive testing is required to assure that software works correctly. Combinatorial testing is a versatile methodology which is useful in a broad range of situations to detect faults in software. It is based on the insight that while the behavior of a software system may be affected by a large number of factors, only a few factors are involved in a failure-inducing fault. We discuss the development of combinatorial testing for software as adaptation of design of experiment methods. Combinatorial testing began as pairwise testing in which first orthogonal arrays and then covering arrays were used to make sure that all pairs of the test settings were tested. Subsequent investigations of actual software failures showed that pairwise (2-way) testing may not always be sufficient and combinatorial t-way testing for t greater than 2 may be needed. Until recently efficient tools for generating test suites for combinatorial t-way testing were not widely available. Combinatorial testing has become practical because efficient and free downloadable tools with support of constraints have become available.     

On a holonic adaptive plan-based architecture: planning scheme and holons’ life periods

Holonic manufacturing execution systems still raise problems regarding modelling, design, testing and implementation of holons. This paper aims at obtaining an improved holonic scheme based on some underlying points: the types of holons used in PROSA holonic reference architecture, the contract net protocol for holons’ coordination and the BDI agents as software components. The addressed issues concern a solution for the proper interaction between several holons and the obtaining of certain patterns capable of guiding the design and implementation of holons. To be able to analyze holons’ behaviour and holonic system performance, a modelling approach using specific points of the planning theory and Petri nets was developed. The proposed formalization better clarifies how a holon’s components have to be devised, and clearly separates the holons’ construction and operation. Some drawbacks that can appear in a holonic system are revealed both by the holons’ models and by the conducted simulation experiments. The solution to the discovered weak points is based on the coordination provided by a centralized component and a specific way of conducting the bidding process. With these improvements a holonic adaptive plan-based architecture is obtained, this paper presenting the aspects regarding holons design and testing, while the problems on holonic agents’ reasoning procedure and details of their implementation are only briefly tackled.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的多功能平板式汽车检测系统开发

针对传统的平板式汽车检测系统功能扩展性和检测结果重复性较差的缺点,开发了基于虚拟仪器技术的多功能平板式检测系统.采用PC-DAQ结构方案,保留原有传感器和机械装置,更换了数据采集卡,增加了信号调理箱,使检测系统的硬件性能得到提高.基于LabVIEW8.2开发了具有仪表化图形界面的主控软件,运用LabVIEW较强的信号滤波和平滑处理功能及本文提出的智能化识别特征数据的方法,使悬架效率等指标的计算精度得到提高,新增了悬架固有频率检测功能.实车检测结果表明,所开发的检测系统实现了预期的功能,检测精度和重复性得到提高,检测功能增强.     

基于力反馈控制的步进电机驱动系统设计

步进电机作为控制系统中的常用执行元件,可直接接受数字信号,精度高,定位准确。根据传感器的数据反馈实时对步进电机进行精确控制在各种控制系统中必不可少。以材料黏着、摩擦、磨损性能综合实验台为背景,在基于VC＋＋软件平台上,设计了一种根据USB接口接收下位机采集的力传感器数据对步进电机进行反馈控制的驱动系统。     

IsVIP:一种即时可重构虚拟仪器平台

本文提出了一种图形化的即时可重构虚拟仪器软件平台IsVIP，它采用开放的组件化体系结构，提供了硬件设备控制台和软件控件2类扩展点，能够实现对任意硬件设备的支持，以及实现任意的软件功能；采用数据流驱动的工作方式，多条数据流可以并行工作；虚拟仪器的功能通过控件以及控件间的连线实现，控件和连线能够在运行时增加或者删除，并立即见效，进而影响仪器系统的人机界面和运行逻辑；支持流水线执行模式，能够以串行结构实现并行效率，具有更高的吞吐率，能够处理更高负荷的数据处理请求。     

Firmware of the amplitude spectrum evaluating system for multicomponent processes

A specialized measuring system intended for the spectral analysis of multicomponent processes is considered. The software implementation of digital algorithms for calculating Fourier coefficient estimates, developed with the use of signed analog-stochastic quantization, form the basis for the operation of the system. The structural diagram of the measuring system and modular organization of its software are presented. The procedure for preparing and performing analysis of multicomponent processes is described. The results of the experiment on evaluating the amplitude spectrum using the model of the multicomponent process are given.     

C8051F340在亥姆霍兹磁场测量中的应用

亥姆霍兹线圈产生的磁场具有广泛的物理应用。利用霍尔传感器件,自带USB2.0以及10位快速A/D的高性能单片机C8051F340,研制了单芯片（SOC）高速磁场数据测量装置,编写了磁场数据采集处理程序,设计了中心距可调的亥姆霍兹线圈,并用所研制的仪器进行了轴向磁场分布测量。结果表明,该实验装置测量精度高,实时性好,实验手段先进,可扩展为多个设计性物理实验。     

基于Labview的水泵综合特性测试系统研究

介绍了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的水泵综合性能测试系统。简要说明了水泵试验的内容和系统的硬件组成；重点分析了各参数的测控方法，提出一些提高试验精度、效率以及稳定性的技巧，并展示了用Labview开发的测试软件的主要功能和特点。     

基于组态技术的虚拟阶比分析仪开发及应用

针对传统虚拟仪器结构封闭、缺乏开放性和扩展性等问题,研究了基于组态软件技术的虚拟仪器开发模式,构建了该模式下的系统结构、双驱动运行机制及仪器系统的功能模型等内容;介绍旋转机械阶比分析的基本理论;建立基于瞬时频率估计的阶比分析基本功能包;开发了基于组态技术的可在线功能重构的虚拟式旋转机械阶比分析仪。对所开发的阶比分析仪进行了试验及现场验证,并与LabVIEW系统中的阶比分析工具进行了对比分析。结果表明,该仪器在提高扩展性和开放性的同时,使用简便,分析结果准确,实际应用性能优良。     

Use of Methods of Nondestructive Testing in Investigating Failures of Complex Technical Apparatus

Specific features and principles of the use of nondestructive testing techniques in searching for flaws like discontinuities in materials and performing other operations in investigations of failures and accidents involving highly sensitive complex technical facilities are discussed. Applications of the methods of nondestructive testing to most of such investigations are unique in each situation.