用粉煤灰处理生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液的研究

通过试验 ,研究用粉煤灰处理城市生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液中COD的去除作用、效果和机理。试验结果表明 :用粉煤灰处理渗沥液 ,最佳灰水比为 1:10 ;预处理时 ,在渗沥液 pH <4,效果最佳 ;混凝剂 (硫酸铝 )用量为 2 g/L时 ,处理效果最佳 ;用混凝剂和粉煤灰综合处理时 ,先加少量混凝剂进行预处理 ,后再加粉煤灰处理效果最佳     

混凝法深度处理城市二级出水技术研究

试验通过采用硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝铁等3种混凝药剂深度处理城市二级出水,经试验研究得到硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝铁的最佳投药量,并在这三种药剂各自的最佳投药量条件下进行深度处理效果试验比较,为混凝法在深度处理城市二级出水中的应用提供实验基础。     

混凝-磁分离法处理洗车废水的试验研究

对混凝-磁分离法处理洗车废水进行了试验研究。将普通混凝和混凝-磁分离处理洗车废水的效果对比试验,并研究了适宜的磁粉与混凝剂的搭配组合和最佳投加量。试验结果表明纯铁粉与PAC+PAM为最佳组合,最佳投加量为铁粉250 mg/L、PAC、PAM投加量分别为100 mg/L、6 mg/L,处理出水的COD为46.05 mg/L,浊度为4.13 NTU。     

均匀设计与优化技术在型煤抗压强度试验中的应用

通过均匀设计在型煤抗压强度系列试验研究中用微机进行优化处理，得到最佳工艺参数和最佳工艺条件，并进行了验证试验，取得满意结果。     

氰化物除铜废液中氰化钠的处理工艺研究

采用次氯酸钠-双氧水组合工艺处理氰化物除铜废液中的氰化钠。阐述了该工艺的原理及试验过程,通过对试验结果的分析,得出了最佳的处理方案。     

完全混合式活性污泥法处理生活污水试验研究

通过对处理生活污水的试验研究,确定了完全混合式活性污泥法处理生活污水的最佳曝气时间、最佳pH范围、进水COD范围以及污泥投放浓度.试验结果表明,完全混合式活性污泥法处理生活污水是一种比较理想的方法,具有占地面积少、去除率高、抗冲击负荷能力强、工艺简单等优点.     

金属多孔吸附剂除磷效果研究

研究了金属多孔滤料海绵铁处理含磷废水的各项性能。通过单因素影响试验得出最佳试验条件，据此进行了动态小试试验。结果表明：海绵铁处理含磷废水效果明显，方便可行。     

城镇生活污水回用技术研究

针对城镇生活污水的具体特点,采取了先混凝后生化的处理方法,在混凝试验中确定了适合生活污水处理的最佳混凝剂,并通过条件试验确定了使用该混凝剂处理生活污水的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:对生活污水采用先混凝后生化的方法,是一种经济实用、适合我国国情的处理方法。经处理后的城镇生活污水达到回用标准,可用于回用。     

化学混凝-SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

针对城市填埋场渗滤液的特点，采取了先混凝后生化的处理方法。在混凝试验中确定了适合垃圾渗滤液处理的最佳混凝剂并通过条件试验确定了使用该混凝剂处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明：对垃圾渗滤液采用先混凝后生化的方法是一种经济实用适合我国国情的垃圾渗滤液处理方法，经该工艺处理的垃圾渗滤液各项指标可达国家规定的排放标准。     

丙纶吸油毡吸附处理印染厂含油废水试验研究

采用丙纶吸油毡吸附处理印染厂含油废水,饱和吸附量达10g/g。研究了静态吸附时间、温度、pH值对去除率的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳处理条件为温度35℃、pH值9、丙纶吸油毡用量7.5g/L、吸附时间1h,最佳试验条件下吸附除油率为87.12%;动态吸附试验表明去除效率与进水流速成反比关系。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

煤的溶胀处理对药用腐植酸提取的影响研究

以气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤为样煤,进行了样煤的粉碎、有机溶剂溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,考察了处理后煤样中的药用腐植酸得率。结果表明,吡啶和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮是溶胀较好的溶剂;样煤粉碎后,随着粒度的减小,煤的溶胀率增加;粒度粉碎至200目的气、肥煤经吡啶溶胀和硝酸氧化后,煤样的药用腐植酸得率可达到73.0%和71.4%,而经甲醇溶胀和硝酸氧化的200目气煤药用腐植酸得率为56.4%和58.4%。实验结果表明,煤样经过溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,对药用腐植酸的提取有促进作用。     

Investigation of the thermal stability of the chromia-alumina catalysts for the process of the one-stage dehydrogenation of n-butane

The effect of the hugh-temperature (800–1000°C) treatment in air of the Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst, which contained 18Cr₂O₃ + 0.4Na⁺, wt % and was prepared under laboratory conditions with the use of Pural SB1 grade high-purity pseudoboehmite, on the variation in the phase composition of the catalyst, specific surface, and catalytic characteristics in the dehydrogenation reaction of n-butane (yield and selectivity by ΣC₄ olefins and 1,3-butadiene, conversion of n-butane) was investigated depending on the calcination temperature of the catalyst. It is shown that thermal stability depends on the following main factors: the method preparation of catalysts, the phase composition of the starting aluminum hydroxide, carrier texture, and the presence of modifying additions and impurities of other metals. In the case of the same chemical composition of the catalyst, the samples obtained by the wet mixing of pseudoboehmite with an aqueous solution of chromic anhydride are most thermally stable compared with the impregnation samples. It is established that the addition of cerium improves the thermal stability and activity of the impregnation Al-Cr catalyst, while the impurity of the Fe³⁺ ions (up to 0.1 wt %) does not worsen these characteristics. The investigated samples of the catalyst are more thermally stable than the imported industrial catalyst, which loses activity and specific surface after calcination at 900–1000°C. The determination of the thermal stability of fresh catalysts and the factors affecting it can be used as the preliminary evaluation of the future lifetime of catalysts.     

Model of the diffusion stage of the formation of the GRIN lenses

A hyperbolic equation (wave model) was used to take into account the relaxation character of mass transfer at the simulation of the diffusion stage of the formation of GRIN lenses. The results of the calculations are presented in accordance with wave and classic models.