Microwave Assisted Modulation of Vat Dyeing of Cellulosic Fiber: Improvement in Color Characteristics

The role of radiations in textile processing is gaining attention due to its low cost, energy effectiveness and eco-friendly process. This study is concerned with the improvement in modulation of microwave assisted vat dyeing of cellulosic fiber. It was found that radiation treatment of both cotton fabric and dye solution for 1 min gives good color strength, while for redox reaction, 2.5 g of NaHSO₃, 2 mL of CH₃COOH, and 1.5 mL of H₂O₂ are the optimized conditions which show it is a cost-effective tool. Good color strength was obtained at 65 °C for 1 h dyeing using 50 mL of optimal solution in dye bath at pH 9. Finally, ISO standards for color fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration were applied at 0.5–2.5% of shade at optimal conditions which showed that microwave treatment has enhanced the color characteristics. Hence, the technique can successfully and easily be employed for surface modification of fabric for good quality dyeing with various classes of dyes.     

Modification of cotton fabric for textile dyeing: industrial mercerization versus gamma irradiation

The current research is intended to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the cotton fabric and compare the dyeability of gamma irradiated fabric with that of chemically mercerized fabric using reactive dye, Reactive Violet H3R. The gray cotton fabric samples were desized and bleached, before being mercerized or irradiated, followed by dyeing with reactive dye. The cotton fabric was exposed to variable absorbed doses of 2–10 kGy. The color strength values at various levels of temperature, pH, dyeing time, and salt concentration were evaluated using optimal conditions of mercerization and gamma-ray treatment. The comparison of color strength values for the mercerized and the gamma irradiated cotton fabric showed that the irradiated fabric had high color strength at 60 °C using dye bath of pH10 in the presence of 6 g/L of exhausting agent while dyeing for 40 min. Both mercerization and irradiation increased the surface area of fibers that substantially elevated the dyeing performance and fastness properties.     

Modulation of Marigold Based Lutein Dye and its Dyeing Behaviour Using UV Radiation

Application of natural dyes has increased interest in the past few years due to the eco-friendly behavior of these dyes. The present research is concerned with the effect of UV on dyeing behavior of cotton using marigold as source of natural Lutein dye. This is colorant lutein which imparts greenish yellow color to cotton fabric. The dye powder and cotton fabric were exposed to UV-radiation for different time intervals prior to dyeing and dyeing was performed at different dyeing variables. International Standard Organization (ISO) methods were employed to evaluate the color fastness properties, such as color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. It is found that 90 min exposure of UV radiations was the optimum condition for surface modification and dyeing of 70 min at 40°C give excellent results using 4 g/L salt to achieve maximum exhaustion. For improvement of color fastness, tannic acid (8%) as pre- and 6% as post-mordant is the best condition. It is found that UV ray treatment can be used to other fabrics followed by dyeing using extracts of dye yielding plants without any physical characteristics damage.     

Eco-friendly food products as source of natural colorant for wool yarn dyeing

ABSTRACT

Food products as a source of natural colorants are gaining widespread popularity around the globe due to their ayurvedic and eco-friendly nature. Current study is aimed with the utilization of food products (Saffron and madder) as a source of dye for woolen yarn. It is found that, for Saffron, irradiation of yarn for 6 min gives high color strength by dyeing for 45 min in the presence of 2% of salts using un-irradiated dye bath of 1 pH, whereas for madder, 4 min is optimal irradiation time for extract to dye irradiated yarn for 25 min in the presence of 6% of salts using the irradiated dye bath of pH 1. The mordanting carried out at optimal conditions show that using both extracts, woolen yarn dyed at optimal conditions has given good color characteristics. It is concluded that microwave radiation has not only improved natural dyeing process but also make the process more eco-friendly and sustainable as well.     

涤棉织物分散/活性一浴一步法染色

采用新型耐碱耐盐性分散染料T-XD和耐高温活性染料C-XD对涤棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色.生产实践表明,一浴一步法工艺的染色效果与传统二浴法相当,且每缸染色时间减少到5.5h左右,生产成本大大降低,符合节能减排的要求.     

Multifunctional dyeing and finishing of polyester with Sericin and Basic dyes

Sericin, a natural biopolymer, is known for its various qualities such as excellent oxygen permeability, antioxidant action, moisture-regulating ability, protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and microbes and wound healing properties. It, however, has no direct affinity for textiles. In this study, the surface of a polyester fabric was functionalized and treated with sericin to improve its multifunctional properties and enhance its dyeability with basic dyes. The basic dye uptake of polyester after pre-irradiation treatment was observed to increase considerably in comparison to control. The process conditions for dyeing of irradiated polyester with basic dyes (methylene blue, malachite green and rhodamine B) were observed to be 100 °C, 60 min. Sericin application on irradiated samples further enhanced the basic dye uptake with addition of a yellowish tint to the samples. Sericin application was found to enhance the moisture regain (MR) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of PET. Higher values of MR, RSA were observed for 0.25% shade basic dyed samples than samples dyed with 2% shade. Wash fastness of dyed samples was observed to be good. Sericin-treated basic dyed samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. An enhancement in zone diameter was observed, with increase in dye concentration from 0.25 to 2%. Maximum value of ZOI (16.5–17 mm) was seen in samples dyed with 1–2% shade. Leaching effect was observed in the zone surrounding the sample due to the diffusion of active dye in the agar medium. Static behaviour of sericin-treated samples was also seen to improve. Sericin finish applied was observed to be durable.     

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Gamma Ray Induced Cotton Using Natural Quercetin Extracted from Acacia Bark (A. nilotica)

For the present study Quercetin has been extracted and applied onto the gamma irradiated cotton. Fabrics and powder have been exposed to different absorbed doses and dyeing has been performed at various parameters. It is observed that 20 kGy is the optimum absorbed dose for surface modification of cotton. It has been also found that good colour strength has been obtained at 60°C by dyeing optimal fabric for 40 min using dye bath of pH6 keeping liquor concentration of 1:30 and electrolyte concentration of 1 g. 7% of tannic acid as pre-mordant and 5% of Copper sulphate as post mordant was optimum conditions to get good fastness properties according to ISO standard methods. Quercetin from acacia bark under ionizing radiation can safely be used as possible substitute to reddish-brown synthetic dyes.     

Ecological dyeing of silk fabric with Monascus

Monascus were cultured and applied in silk dyeing in this work. The bacterial morphology and cultural characteristics of Monascus were investigated. The rDNA D1/D2 and ITS gene sequences of this strain were identified. The effects of dyeing parameters on dye uptake were discussed and the dyeing method was optimized. Under the dyeing conditions (pH 3.6, 30 °C, 3 h), the dye uptake could reach 89.45%. Moreover, the soap washing and rubbing fastness of Monascus dyed fabric were both rated over Level 4. An ecological low temperature dyeing method was developed, which provides a basis for practical microbial dyeing of silk fabric.     

Optimization of Natural Dye Extracted from Phytolaccaceae Berries and Its Mordant Dyeing Properties on Natural Silk Fabric

A moderate approach was used to extract natural dye from wild Phytolaccaceae berries, and the stability and dyeing properties on the silk fabric of the exacted Phytolaccaceae natural dye was investigated. Via stability analysis, the natural dye had excellent stability during heating, pH or adding Metal ions. When the dyeing temperature was 30ºC, the K/S value of the dyed silk fabric was 6.3, and with SnCl₂ mordant, the K/S value was increased 14.3%. The rubbing and washing fastness via metal mordant were increased by 0.5–1.5 grade compared to the fastness of fabric treated with direct dyeing method.     

电子束辐照对涤纶染色性能的影响

使用不同剂量电子束对涤纶织物进行辐照处理,研究了涤纶织物处理前后结晶度和表面形态的变化,对辐照前后涤纶织物染色,分析辐照对染色性能的影响和色牢度的变化情况。研究表明,100kGy的辐照会造成涤纶结晶度上升,染色速率下降,但最终的染色K/S值增加;200kGy辐照会造成涤纶结晶度下降,染色速率上升,但最终K/S下降;400kGy辐照会造成涤纶表面粗糙化,染色K/S上升。     

Optimization of Dyeing Fixing Process on Silk Fabrics through DOE Analysis

The main aim of this work is to demonstrate the adequacy of Design of Experiments as a reliable tool in the process optimization of dyeing fixing by steaming of pre-printed silk fabrics. The experimental campaign was conducted on a lab-size pilot plant, which re-creates the same operating conditions as in a common industrial case. The steam flow rate and the time spent by the fabric in the steaming chamber were chosen as controlled process parameters. Several samples were extracted and washed. The resulting washing solution of water, released dye and cleaning agent underwent spectrophotometric analysis, whose peak of absorbance was chosen as response for the statistical analysis. The obtained predictive models have shown the high influence of time spent by the fabric in the steaming chamber, while the one of the steam flow rate could be considered negligible. The developed regression equations can be used to predict the absorbance peaks and, consequently, the dyeing persistency, at 90% confidence level and have been useful employed to optimize the permanence of the silk fabric inside the steaming chamber at 13.7 minutes.     

Polypyrrole-coated cotton fabrics used for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

PPy-coated cotton fabric was prepared in situ chemical polymerization using blends of anionic and cationic surfactants as soft template and investigated as adsorbent to remove dyes in the printing and dyeing wastewater. The PPy-coated fabric was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectrum. It was found that the fiber and fabric surfaces were coated by PPy nanoparticles with diameters less than 100 nm which were quite loose and well formed as a three-dimensional network. Dye adsorption experiments demonstrated that the PPy-coated fabric could effectively remove MB dye and the decoloration capacity of MB solution could reach up to 95.6%. Factors influencing the adsorption of MB, e.g. ionic strength, solution pH, contact time, and adsorption mass, were systematically investigated. The adsorption capacity for MB dye increased gradually as its initial concentration increased. The batch experimental results suggested that the PPy-coated fabric could be used as an efficient sorbent to remove dyes in textile effluents.     

黄麻/棉混纺织物阳离子改性及其染色性能

为改善黄麻/棉混纺织物的染色性能,实现活性染料低盐低碱染色,对黄麻/棉混纺织物阳离子改性进行研究,并探讨阳离子改性对织物染色性能的影响.通过研究获得了最佳改性工艺:Glytac质量浓度为40g/L,氢氧化钠质量浓度为8g/L,JFC质量浓度为2g/L,温度为60℃,时间为45 min,浴比为1:20.研究结果表明:黄麻...     

纤维素纤维KN型活性染料最优化染色技术

纤维素纤维KN型活性染料浸染工艺中,由于促染剂无机盐类的加入和固色剂碱剂的加入均会造成染料自身的凝聚,从而造成染色不匀、染斑等病疵.可以通过特殊助剂的加入,并采用一次投料工艺,有效地解决了出现的问题,并达到了简易快速的加工目的.     

平绒染整生产概述(染色)

概述雷玛素活性染料在平绒染色中的应用，分析碱剂和食盐用量对染色性能的影响。生产实践表明，要获得蓬松丰满的绒毛，必须加强染色后产品的后处理，借助化学助剂和机械作用，改善手感、加强刷绒。     

Dyeability,Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Aspects of Bombyx Mori Muslin Silk Fabric with Bi-Functional Reactive Dyes

ABSTRACT

Bombyx mori

muslin silk fabric was dyed with three different bi-functional reactive dyes in exhaust method. Dyeability of the silk fabric was analyzed by reflectance spectra, microscopic appearance, color strength, and saturation limit. Thermal influence on dye exhaustion, migration index, level dyeing factor, and color fastness properties were also investigated. Different kinetic models were approached to study dynamic behavior of dye adsorption and predictability of the models was assessed by co-efficient of regression (r²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Some physico-chemical parameters such as activation energy and chemical potential of dyeing were also evaluated. Brilliant color was observed on silk by all class of reactive dyes. A controlled dyeing condition was also suggested to avoid the risk of unlevel dyeing. Wet fastness properties exhibited excellent results on silk fabric. The adsorption data conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with r ² ≥ 0.94 and the activation energy (ΔE) valued (≥55 kJ/mol) within the range of chemisorption for all dyes. The increase of negativity of chemical potential supported higher dye uptake on silk at elevated temperature.     

改性剂预处理棉织物的黑色活性染料染色

研究了棉织物用聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物改性时,改性剂用量、烧碱用量、改性温度及时间对改性织物染色K/S值的影响,讨论了改性织物染黑色时盐和碱的用量,并对改性和未改性染色织物的乌黑度、上染率、K/S值及染色牢度作了比较。结果表明,棉织物经改性后染黑色乌黑度高,K/S值以及上染率均有较大提高,耐洗和耐摩擦牢度好。     

Cellulose fabric with enhanced water absorbance and permeability using microwave radiation: modeling and optimization by RSM

Body temperature control is one of the most interesting fields in the smart sportswear. Increasing the available hydrophilic sites on the fabric surface is one of the proposed methods for better thermal regulation. In this article, the cellulose fabric’s moisture absorbance capacity was increased by introducing carboxylate groups on the cellulosic fabric using microwave radiation. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Stoichiometric ratio, microwave power, and duration were taken as independent variables; moisture regain and softness were selected as dependent variables. Results show that modification with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the reactant to anhydroglucose unit using 1049 W power for 6 min is the optimum condition for obtaining cellulose fabric with highest hydrophilicity and softness. Water vapor permeability as well as static and dynamic contact angle show that the modified fabric is more hydrophilic and transfers vapor better than unmodified cellulose fabric. Also, tensile test shows that this treatment does not affect the mechanical properties of fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used for fabric characterization.     

染座剂改性棉织物活性染料的染色性能

为减少活性染料染色过程中无机盐的用量,用染座剂对棉织物进行改性以增加棉纤维上的染座数目。研究棉织物经染座剂改性后对活性染料染色性能的影响,包括改性对碱用量和加入时间的影响,对无机盐用量的影响,对上染速率的影响,对染色牢度、匀染性和色光的影响等。结果表明,改性棉织物对活性红R02的吸附符合Langmuir模型,Langmuir吸附常数K和饱和吸附量S都随温度升高而降低,染座剂改性后最佳碱用量减少,碱加入时间与常规染色一致,染色时无机盐质量分数可以减少40%～60%,上染速率增加,染色牢度和匀染性有所改善,色光不受影响。     

Reactive dyeing of a pretreated jute fabric using minimum application technology

Abstract

Grey jute fabrics were given pretreatment such as scouring which was followed by enzyme treatment. These pretreated jute fabrics were subsequently bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Dyeing of these bleached jute fabrics was carried out with four different classes of reactive dyes, namely cold- brand, hot-brand, vinyl sulphone and HE-brand reactive dyes, following the conventional exhaust method and pad-batch method, i.e. minimum application technology method. With respect to dyeing behaviour, it was found that dye uptake and wash fastness property of a dyed fabric produced by the pad-batch method is well comparable with that produced by the conventional exhaust method. Irrespective of the methods of dyeing, scoured–bleached and scoured–enzyme treated–bleached jute fabrics show better dye uptake and fastness property compared to grey-bleached fabrics. Weight loss and strength loss increase while bending length decreases with the increase in pretreatment stages. Enzyme treatment of a scoured jute fabric before bleaching produces the minimum bending length among all the samples. The pretreatment process is found to have some detrimental effect on the tensile properties of a jute fabric and as the number of pretreatment steps increases, the tenacity of the fabric decreases. Reactive dyeing of pretreated jute fabrics further reduces their tensile strength by around 10% irrespective of the method of dyeing and the pretreatment process. So, minimum application technology can be well adopted for dyeing of a jute fabric with reactive dyes. The process is simple, cost effective as it utilises dye to its maximum extent, requires minimum energy and is suitable for use in cottage and small-scale industries.