Modification of cotton fabric for textile dyeing: industrial mercerization versus gamma irradiation

The current research is intended to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the cotton fabric and compare the dyeability of gamma irradiated fabric with that of chemically mercerized fabric using reactive dye, Reactive Violet H3R. The gray cotton fabric samples were desized and bleached, before being mercerized or irradiated, followed by dyeing with reactive dye. The cotton fabric was exposed to variable absorbed doses of 2–10 kGy. The color strength values at various levels of temperature, pH, dyeing time, and salt concentration were evaluated using optimal conditions of mercerization and gamma-ray treatment. The comparison of color strength values for the mercerized and the gamma irradiated cotton fabric showed that the irradiated fabric had high color strength at 60 °C using dye bath of pH10 in the presence of 6 g/L of exhausting agent while dyeing for 40 min. Both mercerization and irradiation increased the surface area of fibers that substantially elevated the dyeing performance and fastness properties.     

Influence of Ultrasonic Radiation on the Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Reactive Yellow 145 Dye

Ultrasonic (US) radiation has a promising effect in textile processing due to its eco-friendly nature, rapid, cost and time effective tool. For the present study, the cellulosic fabric and dye solution were irradiated with ultrasonic (US) radiation for different times (10–60 min.). Dyeing was performed using nonradiated and irradiated cellulosic with nonradiated and irradiated Reactive Yellow 145 dye. Different dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH, material to liquor ratio and time were optimized using irradiated dye and irradiated cotton. It is found that US treatment of dye solution for 20 minutes gives good color strength by dyeing un-irradiated fabric at 70 °C, for 35 min using dye bath of pH 9 in the presence of 5 g/100 mL of salt as exhausting agent keeping 40 mL of dye volume. Colorfastness properties of fabrics dyed at optimum condition of various shades show that US treatment has improved the grading of fastness from fair to good. It is found that US irradiation had not only enhanced the strength of dye on irradiated fabric but also improved the dyeing properties. It is also concluded that US treatment has not only reduced the dyeing time, temperature but also reduced the amount of salt and dye volume used, which is the proof that this tool is cost, time and energy effective.     

Microwave Assisted Modulation of Vat Dyeing of Cellulosic Fiber: Improvement in Color Characteristics

The role of radiations in textile processing is gaining attention due to its low cost, energy effectiveness and eco-friendly process. This study is concerned with the improvement in modulation of microwave assisted vat dyeing of cellulosic fiber. It was found that radiation treatment of both cotton fabric and dye solution for 1 min gives good color strength, while for redox reaction, 2.5 g of NaHSO₃, 2 mL of CH₃COOH, and 1.5 mL of H₂O₂ are the optimized conditions which show it is a cost-effective tool. Good color strength was obtained at 65 °C for 1 h dyeing using 50 mL of optimal solution in dye bath at pH 9. Finally, ISO standards for color fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration were applied at 0.5–2.5% of shade at optimal conditions which showed that microwave treatment has enhanced the color characteristics. Hence, the technique can successfully and easily be employed for surface modification of fabric for good quality dyeing with various classes of dyes.     

活性分散黄染料对涤纶/棉混纺织物的超临界CO2同浴染色

为解决涤纶/棉混纺织物水浴染色能耗大、水污染严重的技术难题,并拓宽超临界CO₂染色技术的应用范围,研究了活性分散黄染料对涤纶/棉混纺织物在超临界CO₂流体中的染色性能。分析了染色温度、压力、时间、助剂用量和CO₂流速对涤纶/棉混纺织物染色效果的影响,得到最佳染色工艺条件:染色温度为100 ℃,压力为20 MPa,染色时间为80 min,CO₂流量为20 g/min,二甲基亚砜质量分数为80%。结果表明:与天然染料相比,利用活性分散黄可以显著提升涤纶/棉混纺织物的染色深度和色牢度;同时,二甲基亚砜处理与“乙醇助溶剂+N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)预处理”法相比,K/S值提升了2倍以上,色牢度达到4~5级,获得了较好的染色效果。     

Cationization of cotton using cattle hoof and horn for salt-free reactive dyeing

Cattle hoof and horn keratin hydrolysate from cattle hoofs and horns were successfully extracted and used to cationize cotton fabric. The effect of cationization was tested by dyeing the cationized cotton fabric using reactive dyes (cationized sample). The results were compared to conventionally dyed cotton fabric sample without cationization. The UV/VIS absorption result showed 6% improvement in exhaustion; the Color Eye K/S result gave 4.5% improvement in fixation and 6.8% in dye utilization for reactive dye (H-Reactive Red). Acceptable color fastness to washing (4/5) and light fastness (7) were achieved on cationized sample.     

锦/棉织物中性固色活性/酸性染料一浴法染色

采用中性固色活性染料和酸性染料一浴法对锦/棉模拟交织物染色,分析了中性固色活性染料对锦纶、酸性染料对棉的沾色,探讨了染色温度、氯化钠用量对染色性能的影响,测试了染色织物的牢度.结果表明:中性固色活性染料对锦纶织物的沾色以及酸性染料对棉织物的沾色均较少,随着染色温度的升高和氯化钠用量的增加,染色织物的表观色深逐渐增加.锦/棉织物较适宜的染色工艺条件为:加入一定比例的中性固色活性染料和酸性染料,染色pH为7,染色温度95℃,保温时间60 min,盐用量视Argazol活性染料用量而定.经固色后锦/棉混纺织物用中性固色活性染料/酸性染料染色的各项牢度均满足服用要求.     

平幅轧染中针织物形变对染色的影响

针对平幅轧染中针织物易形变、张力不均带来皱褶和染色不匀等问题,通过选用多种化学结构活性染料对棉针织物进行浸轧染色,借助方差分析的手段,考察针织物在不同拉伸形变条件下固色后染料结构对染色性能的影响。结果表明:针织物采用不同活性基活性红实施平幅轧染,无论在横向还是纵向张力拉伸条件下预烘及汽蒸固色,拉伸对针织物的染色与匀染影响较小;由于染料结构的差异导致棉针织物对染料的吸附固色不同,不同的染料对同一种针织物的浸轧染色提升力有所区别;染中浅色时轧染可节省更多染料,尤其对于活性红WBRH(KN型),轧染色深明显高于浸染,更推荐轧染方式;染色后针织物皂洗牢度大于或等于4级。     

棉织物柿漆染色工艺及性能

柿漆作为天然染料,其染色织物具有防水防腐的优点。以赋予棉织物抗菌性和紫外防护性能为目的,采用柿漆对棉织物进行直接染色处理。利用扫描电子显微镜观察棉织物的表观形态,PhabrOmeter织物手感评价测试仪测定织物风格,得到染色棉织物存在硬化问题;探究染色次数和染液浓度对棉织物K/S值、增重率和缩率的影响。通过正交试验设计优化染色工艺,测定染色棉织物的抗菌性能、接触角、紫外线防护性能、色牢度以及风格评价,分析柿漆染色对棉织物性能的影响。结果表明:适宜的染色时间为15 min,柿漆稀释浓度为1∶4,染色次数为8次,染色棉织物色牢度良好,且具有较佳的疏水性能、抗菌性能和抗紫外性能,硬挺度增加。     

Dyeability,Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Aspects of Bombyx Mori Muslin Silk Fabric with Bi-Functional Reactive Dyes

ABSTRACT

Bombyx mori

muslin silk fabric was dyed with three different bi-functional reactive dyes in exhaust method. Dyeability of the silk fabric was analyzed by reflectance spectra, microscopic appearance, color strength, and saturation limit. Thermal influence on dye exhaustion, migration index, level dyeing factor, and color fastness properties were also investigated. Different kinetic models were approached to study dynamic behavior of dye adsorption and predictability of the models was assessed by co-efficient of regression (r²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Some physico-chemical parameters such as activation energy and chemical potential of dyeing were also evaluated. Brilliant color was observed on silk by all class of reactive dyes. A controlled dyeing condition was also suggested to avoid the risk of unlevel dyeing. Wet fastness properties exhibited excellent results on silk fabric. The adsorption data conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with r ² ≥ 0.94 and the activation energy (ΔE) valued (≥55 kJ/mol) within the range of chemisorption for all dyes. The increase of negativity of chemical potential supported higher dye uptake on silk at elevated temperature.     

锦纶活性染料染色的研究

研究高温型和中温型等多种活性染料对锦纶的上染固色情况，分析上染温度、染色介质的酸碱度对活性染料上染的影响，得出了最佳染色工艺条件。通过测试其染深性和色牢度，发现锦纶用活性染料染色，能得到优异的皂洗及干、湿摩擦牢度，但其染深性不够理想。     

新型低碱活性染料染色工艺研究

针对活性染料常规染棉织物工艺中纯碱用量过多的问题,采用新型的低碱活性染料对棉织物进行染色。分析了工艺参数如盐、碱及温度等对K/S值的影响,得到了低碱活性染料染棉织物较佳工艺:染料1%(owf)时,纯碱1.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色40min,浴比1∶25;染料5%(owf)时,纯碱3g/L,元明粉80g/L,80℃固色60min,浴比1∶25。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统活性染料染色时纯碱用量的1/10左右,染色织物得色量高,且染色工艺简单。     

反应性直接染料的应用性能

近年问世的反应性直接染料,染色程序简短,染深性好,与直接染料很相似.其在碱性浴中能与纤维素纤维发生交联固着,染后只需水洗、皂洗,染色湿牢度优秀,也与活性染料相似.反应性直接染料特别适合纯棉(粘胶)织物染色,尤其适合纯棉针织物深浓色泽练、洗、染—浴一步法染色,生产效率高,且有节能减排优势.     

活性金黄SRE对棉织物的浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸染色工艺

为提高活性染料传统轧-蒸染色的固色率和染深性,将真空脱水技术引入棉织物的活性染料轧-蒸染色过程。研究了棉织物含水率、汽蒸时间和碳酸钠用量对活性金黄SRE湿蒸染色的影响,并比较了活性金黄SRE采用浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸(P-Vac-S)工艺与传统浸轧-湿蒸(P-S)工艺染色棉织物的染深性和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明;浸轧含25 g/L活性金黄SRE染液的棉织物,将其含水率真空脱水至20%~30%,再进行湿蒸,棉织物的上染率(K/S值)和染料固色率相对较高;含水率为(25±2)%的棉织物湿蒸染色的适宜汽蒸时间和碳酸钠质量浓度分别为5 min和25 g/L;采用活性金黄SRE经P-Vac-S工艺染色棉织物的K/S值比采用P-S工艺染色的K/S值高15%~30%,但是经前者染色棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度比后者略差。     

羊毛/棉织物一浴法染色

采用中性固色活性染料对羊毛/棉模拟交织物一浴法染色,分析了中性固色活性染料对羊毛和棉织物的上染情况,探讨了染色温度、pH值、氯化钠质量浓度对羊毛和棉浅色染色同色性的影响,以及酸性染料用量对羊毛和棉深色染色同色性的影响,测试了染色织物的牢度。研究结果表明:当中性固色活性染料用量0.5%(owf),pH值为5,95℃染色60 min,羊毛和棉织物可获得很好的同色性,当中性固色活性染料用量3%(owf),加入少量酸性染料,pH值为7,95℃染色60 min,羊毛和棉织物可获得很好的同色性。     

Simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dyes doped with TiO2 nano-sol

A new approach for simultaneous salt-free dyeing and functional finishing, i.e. UV protection and antibacterial properties of cotton fabric were studied. In this study, cotton fabric was cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. Two types of reactive dyes (CI Reactive red 120 and CI Reactive yellow 145) were doped with different amounts (0.035, 0.053, and 0.07 mol) of TiO₂ nano-sol by sol–gel method and applied on cationized cotton fabric using pad–dry–steam method without the addition of salt. The chemical and morphological structures of the dyed fabrics were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Different properties were investigated such as color strength, fixation, fastness properties (washing, rubbing, and light), UV blocking, antibacterial activity, and tensile strength. Samples dyed with titanium dyeing solutions exhibited better antibacterial efficacy and durable UV protection, with minimal impact on color depth and tensile strength compared with the samples dyed with commercial reactive dyes.     

红藤天然染料提取及上染真丝纱线研究

为丰富天然染料的品种,从红藤植物中提取天然染料并研究其对真丝纱线的染色性能。优化天然染料的提取工艺,采用氯化稀土媒染剂对真丝纱线进行媒染处理,研究染色纱线的各项色牢度及防紫外线性能。研究结果表明,红藤提取液对真丝纱线的最佳染色工艺为:染色温度90℃,p H为4.5,染色60 min,后媒染染色。染色后真丝纱线具有较好的耐洗色牢度,且具有良好的防紫外线能力,具有广阔的应用前景。     

涤纶织物的黄芩染色

为开发具有保健作用的新型天然染料,选用黄芩提取色素对涤纶织物进行高温高压染色。通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了提取液用量、染色温度、染色保温时间、p H值对涤纶织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,黄芩通过高温高压染色法在涤纶织物上得到棕色,优化工艺为:温度130℃,p H值5,提取液用量50%,时间60 min。染色涤纶的耐水洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度很好,能达到4~5级;耐日晒牢度较差,仅为1~2级,有很强的抗紫外线性和一定的抗菌性。     

天然染料媒染剂的媒染性及抗菌性

选取木犀草、介壳虫、洋苏木、板栗、茜草和绿茶等六种天然染料对纯棉织物进行染色,分别采用直接法、预媒染、后媒染、同浴媒染等四种染色工艺,探讨了媒染方法、媒染剂种类对天然染料上染棉织物的影响,并对染色织物进行了抗菌性试验。结果发现,媒染剂可以改变染色的色相,提高染料的上染百分率和染色牢度,但对染色织物的抗菌性有不同程度的影响,其中以单宁酸作媒染剂,可使染色织物的抗菌效果明显提高。     

Argacel RC的应用技术

涤棉织物一般用分散／活性染料染色。分散染料在棉纤维上容易沾色而降低摩擦牢度及水洗牢度。为提高色牢度，在分散染料染色后要进行还原清洗。传统的烧碱保险粉还原方法耗水、耗电、耗汽，且保险粉不稳定，易分解，新型酸性还原剂Argacel RC的使用可使工艺简化并降低成本。     

A Novel Natural Source Sterculia foetida Fruit Shell Waste as Colorant and Ultraviolet Protection for Linen

There has been a growing interest in natural dyes and consciousness about ill effects of ultraviolet rays on the human skin. This paper discusses dye extraction from the fruit shell waste of Sterculia foetida and its application on linen fabric for dyeing as well as ultraviolet protection (UPF) property. Optimal results were achieved for dyeing at 90°C for 60 min at 30% concentration of the dye on the weight of fabric using pre- and post-mordant dyeing techniques. Dyeing on linen fabric with and without mordant showed very good results in terms of different hues of color and UPF. Treated fabrics showed substantial increase in color depth and good to very good wash, light and rubbing fastness properties for both with and without mordant-dyed linen fabrics. The results confirmed that natural dye from Sterculia foetida fruit shell extract has potential applications for linen dyeing and producing a good to very good UPF.