用于回收泄漏石油的非织造吸油材料

石油泄漏破坏自然环境 ,危害公众健康 ,污染饮用水且扰乱经济。用吸油物质来机械回收泄漏区域的石油是处理海上石油泄漏的主要措施之一。非织造吸油材料具有微小孔隙且强度高 ,能在某些恶劣条件下使用。非织造吸油材料的完整性能降低使用成本和回收成本。新材料和工艺技术的结合将带领新产品走向市场。     

天然植物纤维苄基化改性的研究进展

天然植物纤维通过苄基化改性具有了新的特性,从而可应用于诸多领域。本文综述了天然植物纤维苄基化改性研究状况,详细叙述了天然植物纤维苄基化改性后具有的特点及其应用,分析总结了苄基化改性研究中存在的不足,并对未来改性研究提出展望。     

天然环烯醚萜化合物对蛋白质纤维的染色性能

通过染色试验,研究了环烯醚萜化合物与蛋白质纤维(皮胶原、蚕丝、白发)的染色条件,探讨了所产生的颜色与蛋白质纤维的种类以及环烯醚萜的分子结构的关系。结果表明:天然环烯醚萜类化合物以单体形式与蛋白质发生交联反应,从而产生颜色。这说明其染色机理与传统的天然染料或活性染料有本质的区别。其反应条件温和(35℃左右、弱碱性(pH=7.5～8.0水溶液中、较短时间内(2h左右))。用环烯醚萜化合物染蛋白质纤维时,所呈现出的颜色不仅与环烯醚萜的分子结构密切相关,而且与蛋白质纤维的种类有一定的关系。环烯醚萜很可能作为一类新型的天然活性染料,不仅可以用于皮革、裘皮、丝绸、毛制品的染色,还可以用于制备安全、环保的染发剂。     

Dyeing of Chicken Feather Fibers with Natural Dyes

ABSTRACT

In this study, coloration of the feather fibers with natural dye sources was examined. By this way it was planned to introduce colored chicken feather fibers to serve for different textile applications. For the coloration of the feather fibers, the natural dye sources “Buckthorn,” “Madder,” and “Hibiscus” were used. During the dyeing process, different mordanting agents were added to the dye bath to see the effect of the mordanting agents and also dyeing of the feather fibers without use of any mordanting agent was investigated. Afterwards samples were evaluated in terms of color efficiencies and color values. Moreover, the washing and light fastnesses of the samples were tested. As a result, it was observed that the tested natural dye sources can be used for the coloration of the chicken feather fibers and different colors can be easily obtained with the use of these natural dye sources and mordants.     

张力对竹原纤维碱处理的影响

竹原纤维纱线在不同张力下与浓度为16%的烧碱反应,用XRD和FTIR-ATR表征了纤维处理前后的微观结构,并测试了纱线的回潮率和力学性能.结果表明,张力对纱线碱处理过程中的纤维素晶型的转换和消晶有阻碍作用,随着张力的减小,纤维的结晶度减小,断裂伸长率和回潮率提高,断裂强度和初始模量减小.     

鱼油复合天然抗氧化剂

研究了一种复合天然抗氧化剂 ,其能有效延缓鱼油的氧化 ,抗氧化效果明显优于常用的BHA、BHT、PG及天然混合生育酚、茶多酚 .     

Study of Non-linear Mechanical Behavior of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibers

This work investigates the non-linear mechanical behavior of oil palm mesocarp fibers (OPMF) using tensile tests, microstructure observation, and finite element models. The micrograph images showed the fiber’s surface with partly embedded silica bodies, while the cross section contained cell wall structures. Viscoelastic behavior was observed when the fibers were relaxed over time after being stretched, whereas the stress--strain curves from the cyclic tests indicated permanent set (plastic strain) due to the fibers’ deformation. Finite element models were developed comprising single particles (2D and 3D) and 2D multi-particle geometries representing silica bodies embedded in a matrix representing the fiber. The modeling results suggested that silica bodies do not contribute much to the integrity of OPMF, highlighting the need to have a more complex model that considers cellular structures of the fibers and a constitutive relationship of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin.     

天然椰子油的组分及其对花生油氧化稳定性的影响

分析了海南高种椰子制备的天然椰子油(VCO)的脂肪酸组成、功能性成分及对花生油氧化稳定性的影响。采用GC-MS测定了VCO的脂肪酸组成、植物甾醇含量,采用HPLC测定了VCO中VE含量,并研究了不同温度下VCO对花生油过氧化值的影响。结果表明,VCO中脂肪酸以月桂酸质量分数最多,达47.36%;植物甾醇含量为420 mg/kg,VE含量为89.8 mg/kg,多酚含量为18 mg/100g油。在40℃和60℃,不同添加量的VCO对花生油过氧化值(POV)均有影响,VCO浓度越大,花生油的POV值越低。     

天然植物油碱异构化合成共轭亚油酸的研究

以天然植物油为原料，碱异构化合成CLA。研究了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、天然植物油用量等因素对CLA转化率的影响。试验结果表明，最适宜的异构化条件为：反应时间为2．5—3h，反应温度为160—170℃，溶剂用量为碱用量的2．5—3．5倍，天然植物油用量为碱用量的1—2倍；适宜条件时CLA转化率达80％以上。该方法比较简单，产物容易处理，且有机溶剂丙二醇无毒性，较适合用于CLA的功能食品和保健品的开发。     

Low Dielectric Constant Material from Hollow Fibers and Plant Oil

Abstract

A new low dielectric constant (k) material suited to electronic materials applications was developed using hollow keratin fibers (HF) and chemically modified soybean oil. High-speed microelectronics is facilitated by preventing the “rubber necking,” or slow-down of electrons on the printed wires through the use of low-k dielectrics. The unusual low-k value of the HF composite material derives both from the air (k = 1) in the hollow microcrystalline keratin fibers (k = 1.7), and the triglyceride molecules (k = 2.7), and is in the range of 1.7 to 2.7, depending on the HF fraction. These values are lower than that of the conventional silicon dioxide (k = 3.8 to 4.2) or epoxy dielectric insulators. Also, the HF dielectric is lightweight (SG < 1) and rigid (Modulus > 2 GPa), with fracture toughness (1.0 MPa m^1/2) and approximates the shape and feel of a silicon dioxide insulator. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the new material (67.4 ppm/°C) is low enough for electronic materials applications. Multi-Chip-Module circuit printing results suggest that the low-cost composite made with HF (from avian sources) and plant oil (from soybean) has the potential to replace the dielectrics in microchips and circuits boards in the ever-growing electronic materials field, in addition to many applications as new lightweight composite material.     

Sugarcane Straw Reinforced Castor Oil Polyurethane Composites: Fiber Characterization and Analysis of Composite Properties

This work was concerned with the development of polyurethane (PU) composites reinforced with cellulose fibers attained from sugarcane straw. For the obtainment of cellulose, sugarcane straw was pretreated and delignified. For the production of the PU, the polyol (castor oil) to diisocyanate mass ratio was 1.5:1.0. Reinforcement of the matrix was done, changing the concentration of cellulose fibers (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w). The efficiency on the obtainment of cellulose fibers was verified by chemical characterization and the fibers morphological aspects by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of fibers content in the composites was studied by thermal analyses, tensile and moisture absorption tests.     

复配天然抗氧化剂对食用油脂抗氧化效果研究

对天然抗氧化剂复配配方对食用油的抗氧化能力进行研究。根据正交试验结果,各种天然抗氧化剂在组分中的主次因素为迷迭香提取物＞甘草提取物＞茶多酚＞ VE,优化得出复合天然抗氧化剂的复配组合为迷迭香0.08%、茶多酚0.06%、甘草提取物0.08%、VE0.01%。此优化的配方对食用油的抗氧化能力弱于TBHQ,但强于BHA 和BHT。     

天然抗氧化剂对玉米油稳定性的影响

分别将生育酚、β-胡萝卜素和迷迭香提取物天然抗氧化剂添加到纯化后的玉米油中,采用schaal烘箱加速氧化法,对比纯化玉米油,研究天然抗氧化剂对玉米油稳定性的影响,建立氧化反应动力学方程。结果表明,3?种抗氧化剂抗氧化能力为迷迭香提取物＞β-胡萝卜素＞生育酚。当每100 g玉米油添加天然抗氧化剂0.02?g时,玉米油添加生育酚、β-胡萝卜素和迷迭香提取物后的动力学模型分别为、和,而纯化玉米油的动力学模型为,并推测出纯化玉米油与添加过3?种天然抗氧化剂后,一级玉米油的货架期分别为15、19、24、27?个月。所以以迷迭香提取物为抗氧化剂添加到玉米油中,可明显提高玉米油的货架期。     

天然抗氧化剂的增效作用及其对花生油抗氧化效果研究

对迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、植酸、VE、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在花生油中的抗氧化性能和五种天然抗氧化剂相互之间的增效作用进行了研究。通过Rancimat法测定了添加各种抗氧剂的花生油的诱导时间,根据正交实验结果,各种天然抗氧化剂在组分中的主次因素为迷迭香提取物>茶多酚>植酸>抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,优化得出天然抗氧化剂的复配配方为迷迭香提取物0.07%、茶多酚0.03%、植酸0.02%、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯0.02%。此配方对花生油的抗氧化能力优于TBHQ。     

天然高分子对化学纤维涂覆改性的新方法

介绍了采用天然高分子对化学纤维进行涂覆，从而改善化学纤维亲水性的方法。主要包括壳聚糖和海藻酸盐的溶胶一凝胶法。壳聚糖和海藻酸盐分子链上都含有大量的羟基等亲水性基团，利用它们的溶解性质可将其均匀地涂覆在化学纤维表面，从而对化学纤维进行亲水化改性。     

Some Properties of Natural Fibers (Sisal,Pineapple, and Banana) in Comparison to Man-Made Technical Fibers (Aramide,Glass, Carbon)

In this paper, we analyze the results of the delignification treatments performed on three natural fibers (sisal, pineapple, and banana) and of the thermal treatments at 400, 600, and 800°C on three industrial fibers (aramid, carbon, and glass). The fibers were analyzed by TGA, SEM, and EDS, as well as tested for tensile strength before and after the delignification and thermal treatments. Contact angle measurements were also carried out on the natural fibers. With the delignification treatments, the removal of Si, K, and Mg on pineapple and banana fibers was achieved. Thermal treatments lowered significantly the tensile strength of industrial fibers, while delignification treatments decreased slightly the mechanical resistance of natural fibers, except in the case of the pineapple fiber.     

质量控制天然维生素E对食用油氧化稳定性的影响

本文以食用菜籽油为对象,研究了天然维生素Ｅ对植物油脂氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：天然维生素Ｅ比叔丁基羟基茴香醚（ＢＨＡ）和二叔丁基羟基甲苯（ＢＨＴ）更适合于添加至食用油脂中作为抗氧化剂;在０～９５ｍｇ／Ｌ之间,随着天维生素Ｅ添加量的增加,食用油脂的氧化稳定性指数（ＯＳＩ）值也增高,其抗氧化效果愈好。     

Oil Distribution in Fried Potatoes Monitored by Infrared Microspectroscopy

ABSTRACT: During the last decade much attention has been given to investigating oil absorption during frying. Several studies have suggested the key role of the dehydrated crust, which is thought to control the main mechanisms in oil absorption, that is drainage and capillary suction during post-frying cooling. To contribute to a better understanding of these mechanisms, we have used infrared microspectroscopy at the Synchrotron Radiation Source at Daresbury (UK) to monitor the oil distribution in fried potato cylinders. We report what we believe to be the first quantitative data on oil distribution within a fried product. Results show that the oil distribution within the crust reflects the anisotropic nature of the porous region in accordance with the proposed mechanism of oil absorption.     

Synthesis and Applications of Functional Polymers from Natural Okra Fibers for Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution

Functional groups (?COOCH₃ and ?NH₂) in natural okra fiber had been introduced by free radical graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylamide (AAm) from their binary solution using ascorbic acid/H₂O₂ as a redox initiator at a temperature of 45°C for 90 min. Factors affecting the grafting of lignocellulosic fiber such as feed molarity and comonomer composition were investigated. The grafted copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Functional groups were tested for their potential application in the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the maximum grafted cellulosic fibers toward the Cu (II) ions. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were studied to analyze the Cu²⁺ adsorption process and results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable than the pseudo-first-order model. Further, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin models were also applied to describe the adsorption isotherm of Cu²⁺ by different fiber adsorbents. The results indicate that the Langmuir model fitted the adsorption equilibrium data better than other two models. The maximum monolayer capacity q_m calculated using the Langmuir isotherm for raw and MMA+AAm grafted fiber were 4.89 and 33.05 mg/g, respectively.     

天然植物香精油的开发利用

天然植物香精油产业是一项新兴产业，满足了人们崇尚自然、追求健康的需要，具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。对天然植物香精油从用途、国内外现状、采用技术等几方面进行了阐述，得出了适用于植物香精油的最佳工艺技术和流程，采用了目前较先进的冷冻干燥技术和超临界CO2萃取技术，得到的产品具有萃取效率高、品质好等优点。