不同晶粒度硬质合金的磨削性能研究

本文通过磨削试验,从磨削功率、磨削比、磨削表面光洁度等方面研究了粗晶、细晶、超细晶粒三种含Co量相同的K类硬质合金的磨削性能。研究结果表明,上述三种硬质合金在各磨削参数相同的情况下,所消耗的磨削力、磨削能随硬质合金晶粒尺寸的增加而增大。同一砂轮对上述硬质合金的磨削比随晶粒尺寸的增加而增大。在磨料粒度与硬质合金粒度相当时,所加工表面的月。值随WC晶粒度的变粗而变差．     

硬脆材料表面加工V形槽结构的试验研究

金刚石砂轮成形磨削加工技术是硬脆材料表面微结构加工的一种有效方法。应用V形砂轮在硬质合金YT15和Al2O3陶瓷两种材料表面进行V形微结构的磨削试验,通过磨削试验研究V形微结构的成形磨削效果、磨削参数对V形槽的表面质量及磨削过程中的磨削力和比磨削能的影响。试验结果表明应用V形砂轮可以较好地实现硬脆材料表面V形槽结构的磨削,在可加工性好的材料上V形槽磨削所需的磨削力和比磨削能相对较大。磨削参数的变化影响V形槽表面质量及磨削过程中的磨削力和比磨削能,其中比磨削能可以反应磨削过程中的材料去除方式。YT15表面的试验结果表明V形砂轮的磨损对加工出的V形槽的轮廓结构有相当大的影响。     

硬质合金刀具材料的超精密磨削试验研究

本文引入了一种新型超精密镜面磨削方法——在线电解连续修整磨削(ELID磨削),介绍了该方法的机理和实现条件,并运用在线电解修整的金属结合剂超细磨粒超硬磨料砂轮,进行了硬质合金刀具材料YT14的超精密镜面磨削,取得了良好的结果,工件表面粗糙度直接可达十几个纳米。     

陶瓷结合金刚石砂轮磨削硬质合金表面粗糙度的研究

本文采用正交试验法研究了砂轮线速度、横向进给速度、磨削深度和磨削行程四种磨削参数对陶瓷结合金刚石砂轮磨削硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响,通过显微镜观察了硬质合金的表面加工质量,分析了影响表面加工质量的因素,得出了优化的工艺参数.结果表明:四种磨削参数对硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响顺序为:横向进给速度＞砂轮线速度＞砂轮行程＞磨削深...     

硬质合金刀具材料的超精度磨削试验研究

本文引入了一种新超精密镜面磨削方法－在线电解连续修整磨削，介绍了该方法的实现条件，并运用在线电解修整的金属结合剂超细磨粒超硬磨料砂轮，进行了硬质合金刀具材料ＹＴ１４的超精密镜面磨削，取得了良好的结果，工件表面粗糙度直接可达十几个纳米。     

纳米结构金属陶瓷(n-WC/Co)涂层材料精密磨削的试验研究

本文对纳米结构金属陶瓷（n-WC/Co）涂层材料在金刚石砂轮精密磨削过程中的磨削力进行了较详细的试验研究。对常规结构金属陶瓷(n-WC/Co）和n-WC/Co涂层材料的磨削力作了对比磨削试验,分析了磨削工艺参数如砂轮磨削深度,工件进给速度,金刚石砂轮结合剂类型和磨粒尺寸以及被磨试件材料特性等对磨削力的影响,结合被磨试件表面的扫描电镜（SEM）的观察,分析了n-WC/Co涂层材料磨削的材料去除机理,研究结果表明：在相同磨削条件下,纳米结构陶瓷涂层的磨削力始终高于常规结构陶瓷涂层的磨削力;在其它磨削条件相同的情况下,用金属结合剂砂轮磨削工件所需的磨削力要比树脂结合剂砂轮,陶瓷结合剂砂轮所需的磨削力大些,磨粒尺寸小的砂轮磨削工件所需的总磨削力要比磨粒尺寸在的砂轮所需的磨削力大些,磨削力随砂轮磨削深度,工件进给速度的增加而增大;一般情况下,n-WC/Co涂层材料精密磨削过程的材料去除机理中,占主导方式的是塑性成形的材料去除方式。     

电镀金刚石砂轮端磨氧化铝陶瓷的机理研究

本文利用电子扫描电镜,观察了金刚石磨粒的微切削刃以及氧化铝陶瓷试件的磨削表面、已磨削表面,对电镀金刚石砂轮端磨氧化铝陶瓷的机理进行了研究,指出氧化铝陶瓷已磨削表面的缺陷以脆性裂纹为主,磨削温度对材料去除过程影响很大,有可能存在非裂纹扩展的陶瓷材料去除方式。     

Li-Ti铁氧体陶瓷精密磨削的试验研究

铁氧体陶瓷的应用因其表面加工质量难以保证而受到很大限制。本文采用80/100#树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮和W 20石墨白刚玉砂轮对Li-Ti铁氧体陶瓷进行了磨削试验。研究了单位宽度磨削力、表面粗糙度和单位宽度材料去除率随磨削参数的变化规律,观察并分析了铁氧体工件磨削后的表面微观形貌。结果表明:Li-Ti铁氧体的表面粗糙度值可达到Ra0.084μm,实际单位宽度材料去除率达到90%,材料以塑性方式去除;采用上述砂轮可实现铁氧体陶瓷的高效精密磨削。     

电镀金刚石砂轮面磨削氧化铝陶瓷的机理研究

本文利用电子扫描电镜、观察了金刚石磨粒的微切削刃以及氧化铝陶瓷试件的磨削时的表面,已磨削表面,对电镀金刚石砂轮磨氧化铝陶瓷的机理进行了研究,指出了氧化铝陶瓷已磨削表面的缺陷以及脆性袭纹为主,磨削温度对材料去除过程影响很大,有可能存在非裂纹扩展的陶瓷材料去除方式。     

SG砂轮磨削镍基合金GH4169砂轮磨损机理与磨削性能的实验评价

目的 减少磨削镍基合金GH4169过程中砂轮磨损和堵塞现象,提高工件表面质量.方法 采用WA和SG砂轮磨削镍基合金GH4169,通过观察磨削前后砂轮表面微观形貌,研究两种砂轮表面材料粘附、堵塞以及磨粒破碎等主要磨损机制.从磨削力、工件表面形貌、磨削比能3个方面评价两种砂轮的磨削性能,并探究磨削参数对砂轮磨削力、工件表面形貌、磨削比能的影响规律.结果 在去除相同体积材料时,SG砂轮的磨削力较小,所消耗的能量较WA砂轮低21.5％,SG砂轮所加工工件表面的粗糙度明显低于WA砂轮所加工工件表面的粗糙度,两者表面粗糙度差值均在1μm以上.SG砂轮表面材料粘附现象较轻,WA砂轮表面出现了大面积的材料粘附,造成了砂轮堵塞.结论 SG磨粒因内部致密的微小晶粒所决定的微破碎机制,使SG砂轮在磨削镍基合金GH4169过程中保持了锋利的磨削刃,减少了砂轮表面的材料粘附,同时也获得了良好的工件表面质量.另外,SG磨粒较WA磨粒具有更佳的力学性能,使其在去除相同体积材料时所消耗的能量更少.     

Influence of microstructure on ultraprecision grinding of cemented carbides

The influence of microstructure on the ultraprecision grinding response of a series of cemented carbides for spherical mirrors was characterized by means of optical and laser interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface roughness, form accuracy, grinding-induced residual stress and material removal behaviors were studied as a function of tungsten carbide (WC) grain size. In connection with the removal mechanisms in ultraprecision grinding, microindentations performed on each material showed similar deformation patterns, all in the plastic regime. The microstructure of WC-Co materials was found to have little influence on the nanometre surface roughness and submicron form accuracy. However, the X-ray stress measurements indicated that the microstructure of carbide materials had a significant influence on the grinding-induced residual stresses; i.e. an increase in grinding-induced residual compressive stress with an decrease in WC grain size. No grinding-induced cracks were observed in the ground cemented carbide surfaces. The material removal in ultraprecision grinding was considered to occur within the ductile regime. The formation of microgrooves and plastic flow regions via slip bands of WC grains along the cobalt binder without visible resultant microfracturing of WC grains were the dominant removal mechanisms.     

Influence of surface topography evolution of grinding wheel on the optimal material removal rate in grinding process of cemented carbide

Most of the reported studies on the optimization of grinding parameters do not consider the evolution of the surface topography of grinding wheels, and the established empirical models will no longer apply when the surface conditions of the grinding wheel changes. In this paper, an integrated model based on the surface topography of grinding wheel is established. The grinding process of cemented carbide is simulated using the established model, and the simulation results are analyzed to obtain the surface roughness model and the specific grinding energy model based on the undeformed chip thickness distribution. Subsequently, the grinding constraint models are defined according to the two grinding constraints—surface roughness and specific grinding energy. Through inversion analysis, the maximum material removal rate of the given grinding wheel surface conditions satisfying the defined grinding constraints are obtained, and the influence rules of the grinding wheel surface conditions on the maximum material removal rate are analyzed. Then the grinding wheel surface conditions are adjusted by changing the radial dressed height of the grinding wheel and the arrangement distance of the grains in wheel circumferential direction to improve the maximum material removal rate of the grinding wheel. Finally, the optimization results are verified through grinding tests of cemented carbide.     

中国超细晶硬质合金及原料制备技术进展

超细晶硬质合金是WC晶粒度≤0．5μm的硬质合金,这类合金具有高强度和高硬度的优异性能。目前由超细晶硬质合金制备的高效刀具已经广泛用于航空航天、核能、汽车、发电设备、新能源和电子通讯等现代制造业。主要对中国超细晶硬质合金原料（例如超细碳化钨粉、钴粉、复合粉）和超细晶硬质合金制备技术、性能及表征方法作了系统的阐述。最后对超细晶硬质合金制备技术进行了展望。     

镀镍金刚石在硬质合金精密磨削中的性能

为研究镀镍金刚石砂轮在硬质合金精密磨削时的磨削性能,用裸料金刚石砂轮同其进行对比磨削实验,分析二者在磨削功率、磨削比、磨削表面粗糙度以及砂轮表面形貌等方面的差异。研究结果表明:在磨削参数相同的情况下,镀镍金刚石砂轮在磨削时消耗的功率比裸料金刚石砂轮大,但是相对稳定;镀镍金刚石砂轮的体积磨削比要高于裸料金刚石砂轮的体积;在粗糙度方面,镀镍金刚石砂轮优于裸料金刚石砂轮,但是其黏屑较多,砂轮有堵塞现象。      

超细WC-Co硬质合金的制备与性能研究

利用高能球磨法制备纳米级WC-Co混合粉末,采用脉冲电流烧结技术进行烧结。用能谱分析仪(EDX)对球磨后的粉末进行成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)对比分析球磨前后WC-Co混合粉末的衍射峰变化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的粉末及烧结材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结试样的硬度。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,WC-Co纳米粉末的粒度逐渐变小,当球磨时间超过30h后获得了粒度为100nm以下的WC-Co纳米粉末。脉冲电流烧结后获得超细WC-Co硬质合金,与传统的WC-Co硬质合金相比,超细WC-Co硬质合金具有更高的硬度(HRA92.5～94)和耐磨性。另外通过实验获得了最佳的烧结工艺参数。     

Numerical modelling of ground surface topography: effect of traverse and helical superabrasive grinding with touch dressing

Grinding processes are often used for final finishing of components because of their ability to satisfy stringent requirements of surface roughness and dimensional tolerance. Surface topography generated during grinding depends upon many parameters like wheel parameters, wheel velocity, downfeed, grit density etc. and it also depends upon the type of grinding procedures (viz. plunge grinding, traverse grinding, helical grinding, touch dressing etc.) employed. Therefore, a correct examination of the parameters and type of process employed to carry out grinding are necessary. This paper is an attempt to develop the relation between the different grinding parameters and the grinding procedures like plunge, traverse and helical superabrasive grinding with touch dressing and the average surface roughness. For this purpose, a numerical simulation technique has been implemented to generate the grinding wheel topography. The ground workpiece surface has also been generated by simulating removal of work material depending upon the trajectory of the abrasive grits on the grinding wheel without taking rubbing and ploughing into consideration.     

超细晶硬质合金显微组织参数与力学性能定量关系的研究

对超细晶WC-Co硬质合金的复相显微组织进行了系统的定量化表征和分析,获得了WC晶粒尺寸d_(WC),Co相平均自由程L_(Co)和WC晶粒邻接度C_(WC-WC)等显微组织参数与力学性能的定量关系,模型预测结果与实验测定结果符合很好.结果表明,当C_(WC-WC)基本相同时,超细晶硬质合金的硬度分别与d_(WC)~(-1/2)和L_(Co)~(-1/2)成线性正比关系,断裂韧性K_(IC)分别与d_(WC)~(-1/2)和L_(Co)~(-1/2)成确定性函数关系.在Co含量一定、WC平均晶粒尺寸基本相同的情况下,随着C_(WC-WC)的增大,超细晶硬质合金的横向断裂强度降低,且当C_(WC-WC)>0.5时,硬质合金的强度随C_(WC-WC)增加显著下降.     

磨削硬质合金材料去除机理的实验研究

随着硬质合金刀具材料日益广泛地应用，需要优质高效的生产合格的硬质合金刀片。本课题在干磨和湿磨条件下，分别对YG6和YT30进行了平面磨削的实验研究，并利用扫描电镜观察了在不同的磨削条件下，被磨削表面形貌、磨屑及磨削断面结构，在此基础上分析研究了硬质合金磨削过程中的材料去除机理。     

基于灰色关联理论的RB-SiC陶瓷电火花机械复合磨削工艺参数优化

开展反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷电火花机械复合磨削试验，分析砂轮参数、磨削参数以及放电参数对陶瓷表面粗糙度、材料去除率、砂轮磨损率以及法向磨削力的影响规律。结果表明:与普通磨削相比，电火花机械复合磨削能提高RB-SiC陶瓷的材料去除率，且有效降低磨削时的法向磨削力；但过高的放电能量会造成砂轮的严重磨损，导致材料去除率和磨削表面质量降低。基于灰色关联理论和正交试验对工艺参数进行优化，并开展试验对优化结果进行验证。结果表明:优化后的工艺参数能有效提高材料去除率和磨削表面质量，并降低法向磨削力和砂轮磨损率。      

Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of Cr3C2 doped ultra-fine WC-Co cemented carbides: Experment guided with thermodynamic calculations

The influence of Cr₃C₂ doping on the sintering process and mechanical properties of WC-Co cemented carbides was studied. Using differential thermal analysis of green powders and thermodynamic calculations, the disappearing temperature of solid-state binder phase in the ultra-fine WC-Co cemented carbides with different amounts of Cr₃C₂ dopant was first investigated and then verified to descend with the increase of Cr content. Based on these investigations, the sintering temperatures of three alloys with 0.3, 0.5 and 0.65 wt% Cr were selected to high by 50 °C than the phase disappearing temperature of solid-state binder. Compared with the commercial sample with the sintering temperature at 1410 °C for Cr₃C₂ doped WC-Co cemented carbides, the optimized sintering temperatures lead to finer microstructures and better mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength and hardness. In addition, the reliability for the performance of WC-Co cemented carbides prepared with the optimized sintering schedule is significantly improved in comparison with the commercial sample. The strategy from the present work can be used to design sintering process parameters during the manufacture of ultrafine WC-Co cemented carbides.