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一种提高双目视觉测量精度的逐步逼近方法 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
针对空间坐标对图象平面坐标的非线性光学映射关系,本文提出了逐步逼近实现3-D空间坐标计算的测量方法。该方法对摄象机的摆放姿态与双目传感器的装配精度要求较低,可去除介质折射产生的坐标计算误差。结合局部标定法,对摄象机光学系统的畸变误差进行校正。实验数据表明,在对双目传感器不提出较高要求的测量条件下,测量结果令人满意。 相似文献
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针对3D视觉检测中最典型的误差源图像中像素的量化误差,在已知模型的条件下,对双目立体视觉提出一种模型,利用该优化模型及改进的约束最小二乘法对未知模型的立体视觉解法做一些改进,可以明显减少系统的误差,仿真结果表明,与未知模型的立体视觉方法相比,在同样的量化误差条件下,该方法可将系统误差减少50%以上。 相似文献
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针对月球车自主导航系统的特殊要求,设计了一种月球车长距离自主导航方法.该方法首先依据惯性导航和天文学的基本原理建立月球环境下惯性导航系统的姿态、速度和位置误差方程,然后针对捷联惯性系统平台失准角较大的问题,引入里程计测量的速度信息与球面天文三角公式,共同构建量测方程,由于建立的系统状态方程和量测方程均为线性方程,所以采用卡尔曼滤波实现月球车位姿信息的最优估计.最后,对这一导航方法进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,该方法具有更高的位置和姿态估计精度,同时可有效提高系统的稳定性和可靠性,是解决月球车自主导航问题的一种有效而实用的自主导航方法. 相似文献
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掘进机时走时停的迈步式工作特点导致其难以实现定向掘进,这一直是国内外面临的技术难题。为实现煤矿巷道掘进机的位姿测量,提出一种基于组合方式的掘进机导航系统(即组合导航系统)。首先,以十字激光指向仪的激光束为识别特征,结合自主研制的激光接收标靶,组建光电传感器导航系统,并构建掘进机机身位姿解算模型;然后,通过递推最小二乘(recursive least square, RLS)算法将光电传感器导航系统和光纤惯性导航系统的测量数据融合,解算出掘进机机身的位姿;最后,根据掘进机机身位姿的测量结果,通过PLC(programmable logic controller,可编程逻辑控制器)实现掘进机的纠偏控制,以有效解决其定向掘进问题。以MB670型掘锚一体机为实验对象,通过现场实验对所设计的组合导航系统进行测量误差分析。结果表明:该组合导航系统可以有效实现煤矿巷道掘进机机身的位姿测量;掘进机机身的位置测量误差在±20 mm以内,姿态角测量误差在±0.15°以内,满足煤矿巷道施工精度要求。基于组合方式的掘进机导航系统具有精度高、可靠性好的优点,弥补了单一导航系统的测量缺陷,可为掘进机的定向掘进智能... 相似文献
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设计一种基于MEMS陀螺、加速度计、磁强计以及GPS模块姿态航向位置参考系统(AHPRS).首先,姿态航向参考系统主要由姿态估计卡尔曼滤波器与补偿卡尔曼滤波器构成,通过补偿滤波器周期修正姿态估计滤波器,从而弥补了由于机体的刚体运动而导致姿态角的估计误差;其次,采用分散式卡尔曼滤波器的设计思路,以估计的误差姿态角作为导航系统卡尔曼滤波器的输入量,有效降低了导航滤波方程的阶次,减小了对姿态解算计算机的性能要求;最后,通过仿真与飞行试验验证该AHPRS有效地克服了动态环境下对系统姿态估计偏差大的缺点,提高了系统的姿态航向与速度位置估计精度. 相似文献
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Transfer alignment is used to initialize SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) in motion. Lever-arm effect compensation is studied existing in an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) before launched from the mother ship. The AUV is equipped with SINS, Doppler Velocity Log, depth sensor and other navigation sensors. The lever arm will cause large error on the transfer alignment between master inertial navigation system and slave inertial navigation system, especially in big ship situations. This paper presents a novel method that can effectively estimate and compensate the flexural lever arm between the main inertial navigation system mounted on the mother ship and the slave inertial navigation system equipped on the AUV. The nonlinear measurement equation of angular rate is derived based on three successive rotations of the body frame of the master inertial navigation system. Nonlinear filter is utilized as the nonlinear estimator for its capability of non-linear approximation. Observability analysis was conducted on the SINS state vector based on singular value decomposition method. State equation of SINS was adopted as the system state equation. Simulation experiments were conducted and results showed that the proposed method can estimate the flexural lever arm more accurately, the precision of transfer alignment was improved and alignment time was shortened accordingly. 相似文献
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For its obvious high accuracy in a long term, rotary inertial navigation system becomes popular. However, as errors increasing with time are changed into periodic errors with zero mean, the accuracy of its azimuth angle decreases in view of short term and can’t fully satisfy the need of users such as flight control system. The precision of azimuth angle is studied by analyzing its influence factor and establishing the scale factor error model and drift models of fiber optic gyro and the measurement error model of photoelectric encoder. Correction for fiber optic gyro and photoelectric encoder based on their mutual assistance is designed to improve the short-term accuracy of rotary inertial navigation system’s azimuth angle. Experimental results in a fiber optic gyro based rotary inertial navigation system verify the proposed method. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the kernel entropy based extended Kalman filter (EKF) as the navigation processor for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The algorithm is effective for dealing with non-Gaussian errors or heavy-tailed (or impulsive) interference errors, such as the multipath. The kernel minimum error entropy (MEE) and maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) based filtering for satellite navigation system is involved for dealing with non-Gaussian errors or heavy-tailed interference errors or outliers of the GPS. The standard EKF method is derived based on minimization of mean square error (MSE) and is optimal only under Gaussian assumption in case the system models are precisely established. The GPS navigation algorithm based on kernel entropy related principles, including the MEE criterion and the MCC will be performed, which is utilized not only for the time-varying adaptation but the outlier type of interference errors. The kernel entropy based design is a new approach using information from higher-order signal statistics. In information theoretic learning (ITL), the entropy principle based measure uses information from higher-order signal statistics and captures more statistical information as compared to MSE. To improve the performance under non-Gaussian environments, the proposed filter which adopts the MEE/MCC as the optimization criterion instead of using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) is utilized for mitigation of the heavy-tailed type of multipath errors. Performance assessment will be carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for positioning improvement in GPS navigation processing. 相似文献
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平台惯导系统(PINS)初始对准误差和标定参数重复性是评估PINS精度的主要参数.应用给定精度评定指标无法准确评估PINS导航精度,PINS全误差导航模型能够准确描述PINS误差传播过程,但对多批次中航时PINS精度评估需消耗大量时间,缺乏实用性.结合实际应用中需要对每一台PINS中航时导航精度进行快速准确评估的需求,通过对PINS全误差导航模型传播规律进行分析,得到PINS误差参数对导航精度的单项评估公式和简化综合评估公式.数值仿真验证表明:该方法能够对中航时PINS导航精度进行快速准确估算,在PINS选择中具有很好的实用性.同时该方法可以指导惯导系统生产调试,找到影响惯导系统的主要误差因素,对改进设计、提高精度和精度评定具有参考价值. 相似文献