一起可疑食物中毒样品中克百威的检测分析

【【摘要】目的 快速、准确地检测出引起化学性食物中毒的毒物及其含量，为食物中毒应急处置提供科学依据。方法 根据食物中毒调查及处理原则，采用“NY／T 761—2008蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定”方法中气相色谱(GC/FPD)和高效液相色谱一柱后衍生、荧光光度法对基层疾控中心送检的2份可疑食物，进行农药残留量测定。结果 分别在浸泡的粉条和鸡蛋炒粉条中检测出高浓度的克百威（27.0g/kg和5.4g/kg）。结论 本次化学性食物中毒为克百威引起。     

食物中毒的防治

夏季是食物中毒的高发季节，首先要注意预防食物中毒的发生。一旦发生食物中毒，应立即就医并及时向当地卫生部门报告，并保留可能导致食物中毒的剩余食品及其原料，以备调查中毒原因。食物中毒：是指食用了被细菌性或化学性毒物后所出现的非传染性（不属传染病）的急性、亚急性中毒性疾病。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱筛查一起由生物碱引起的食物中毒

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF MS)技术对1起食物中毒事件的样本进行筛查,为患者救治及做好此类中毒的检测提供策略和依据。方法 患者的呕吐物、洗胃液和食物样本经酸化乙腈提取,C18固相萃取填料净化,利用UPLC-QTOF MS进行非依赖型全信息质谱数据采集,经UNIFI软件进行峰谱识别和谱库检索。结果 在5份人体样本中均检出莨菪碱,含量低于1 mg/kg,其中1人的胃液样本中筛出阿奇霉素;未发现莨菪碱代谢产物,与大鼠暴露实验结果一致。结论 由实验室检测结果推断本次事件是由莨菪碱引起的家庭食物中毒。UPLC-QTOF MS高分辨质谱筛查技术在处理由化学性物质引起的食物中毒突发事件中具有重要的实用价值。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测一起由化学物质引起的食物中毒

目的以一起有毒化学物质引起的食物中毒事件为例,建立化学性食物中毒的检测体系。方法利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的增强子离子扫描(EPI)模式对6份可疑食物样品进行16种有机磷类农药和12种氨基甲酸酯类农药的定性检测。结果在烩菜和肝脏样品中检出氨基甲酸酯类毒性物质克百威,其他4份样品中均未检出该毒物。所有样品均未检出有机磷类农药和其他11种氨基甲酸酯类农药。结论本次事件是由克百威引起的食物中毒。实验室建立灵敏、快速和准确的LC-MS/MS法和质谱数据库,在突发事件中具有重要的意义。     

卫生部关于2000年1-3月上旬全国重大食物中毒情况的通报

各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅(局),中国预防医学科学院:截止3月上旬,今年我部已收到重大食物中毒事件报告15起,中毒407人,死亡10人。现将中毒情况通报如下:一、食物中毒情况(一)食物中毒报告情况　时间　　报告起数　　中毒人数　　死亡人数　1月　　　5　　　168　　　1　2月82327　3月(1-10日)272　合计1540710　　(二)食物中毒分类情况1、按病因分类　中毒原因　　　中毒人数　　　死亡人数　细菌性食物中毒　　　　4　　　　1　化学性食物中毒3394　有毒动植物食物中毒284　其他食物中毒361　合计40710　　发生中毒人数最多的是化学性食…     

一起可疑食物中毒样品中克百威的检测分析

目的 快速、准确地检测出引起化学性食物中毒的有毒物质及其含量,为化学食物中毒应急处置提供科学依据.方法 根据食物中毒调查及处理原则,采用NY/T 761-2008的方法中气相色谱(GC/FPD)和高效液相色谱柱后衍生法、荧光光度法,对基层疾控中心送检的2份可疑食物进行农药残留量测定.结果 分别在浸泡的粉条和鸡蛋炒粉条中检测出高浓度的克百威27.0和5.4 g/kg.结论 本次化学性食物中毒由克百威引起.     

食物中毒数据库的建立与应用研究

目的建立食物中毒数据库,为食物中毒应急调查处理提供参考。方法通过计算机联机检索、相关文献追溯等途径,收集关于食物中毒的调查资料,筛选典型论文资料,按照案例、致病因素、致病因素特征、潜伏期、症状、治疗原则、预防措施和其他说明(包含图片)8个方面的为顺序,进行编辑。结果共有78种(类)主要食物中毒(包括典型寄生虫病等食源性疾病)入选食物中毒数据库。分为动物性食物中毒、植物性食物中毒、化学性食物中毒、致病性细菌食物中毒以及寄生虫、病毒性食源性疾病。结论建立了食物中毒数据库(单机和网络),也为出版《食物中毒调查与防治指南》提供了参考资料。     

卫生部关于2001年第一季度重大食物中毒情况通报

各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局 :2 0 0 1年第一季度 ,我部共收到重大食物中毒事件报告 38起 ,中毒 734人 ,死亡 4 0人。现将中毒情况通报如下一、食物中毒情况(一 )食物中毒报告情况时间报告起数中毒人数死亡人数1月 13 13 9182月 17 2 91153月 8 3 0 47合计 3 8 73 4 40　　 (二 )食物中毒发生情况1 按致病原因分类中毒原因起数中毒人数死亡人数细菌性食物中毒 12 10化学性食物中毒 3 160 43 5有毒动植物食物中毒 3 84其它食物中毒 3 10 11合　计 3 873 4 40　　化学性食物中毒发生起数、中毒人数、死亡人数最多。2 按就餐形式分类就餐形…     

食品安全未知化学性风险快速筛查确证技术研究进展

食品安全未知化学性风险,指食品安全标准规定之外的、尚未被认知的化学性风险隐患,是当前影响食品安全的重要问题,也是食品安全监管的重点。本文从通用型前处理技术、高通量仪器筛查确证技术以及筛查确证数据库三方面,系统阐述食品安全未知化学性风险快速筛查确证技术的现状和成果,并对该领域未来的研究趋势作出展望。     

卫生部关于2001年第二季度 全国重大食物中毒情况通报

各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局 ,中国预防医学科学院 :2 0 0 1年第二季度 ,我部共收到重大食物中毒事件报告 4 7起 ,中毒 2 6 0 0人 ,死亡 35人。现将中毒情况通报如下 :一、食物中毒情况(一 )食物中毒报告情况时间报告起数中毒人数死亡人数4月 1880 4195月 136 45 86月 16 115 18合计 47 2 6 0 0 35　　 (二 )食物中毒分类情况1 按致病原因分类中毒原因起数中毒人数死亡人数细菌性食物中毒　　 12 95 6 10化学性食物中毒　　 2 112 0 49有毒动植物食物中毒 10 2 6 6 15不明原因　　　　　 41741合　　计　　　　　 47 2 6 0 0 35　　化学性…     

Improved multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Bacillus cereus emetic and enterotoxic strains

Toxin producing Bacillus cereus can cause enterotoxic and/or emetic food poisoning. In the present study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed to detect all toxin genes known to be involved in food poisoning of B. cereus in a single reaction. Specific primers for the detection of enterotoxic (entFM, hblC, nheA, and cytK) genes and emetic toxin production (2 primer pairs: ces, CER) were designed based on the GeneBank sequences. The developed multiplex PCR assay was evaluated in pure culture and artificially inoculated milk, using 43 B. cereus strains and non-target strains. In brief, sensitivity in pure culture was 10-fold or more higher than artificially inoculated milk in multiplex PCR detection limit assay. The presented PCR assay is a developed molecular tool for the rapid simultaneous detection of emetic and enterotoxin producing B. cereus strains.     

Production of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin (cereulide) in various foods

To determine the role of Bacillus cereus as a potential pathogen in food poisoning, the production of an emetic toxin (cereulide) by B. cereus was quantified in various food sources. The amount of emetic toxin in 13 of 14 food samples implicated in vomiting-type food poisoning cases ranged from 0.01 to 1.28 microg/g. A vomiting-type strain, B. cereus NC7401, was inoculated into various foods and incubated for 24 h at 20, 30, and 35 degrees C. In boiled rice, B. cereus rapidly increased to 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g and produced emetic toxin at both 30 and 35 degrees C. In farinaceous foods, the production of emetic toxin was as high as that in the food samples implicated in food poisoning. Low levels of emetic toxin were detectable in egg and meat and their products and a small quantity of toxin was detectable in liquid foods such as milk and soymilk when not aerated. Bacterial growth and toxin production was inhibited in foods cooked with vinegar, mayonnaise, and catsup, supposedly by the decreased pH of acetic acid. This is the first report that has quantified emetic toxin of B. cereus in various foods.     

2004—2014年北京市食物中毒事件流行病学特征分析

目的分析2004—2014年北京市食物中毒事件的流行病学特征,为提出食物中毒的预防控制措施提供依据。方法对2004—2014年的食物中毒数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2004—2014年共发生食物中毒事件468起,报告发病总人数为7 199人,死亡1人。食物中毒事件总体呈下降趋势,2010—2014年趋于平稳,高峰主要集中在8、9月份。导致食物中毒事件的责任单位主要是餐饮单位(143起,1 739人)和企事业单位食堂(118起,2 145人),事件数和发病人数均排在前两位。主要致病因素为细菌、有毒植物和化学物。细菌性因素主要以副溶血性弧菌(18.36%,38/207)、金黄色葡萄球菌(13.53%,28/207)、变形杆菌(12.56%,26/207)等为主,有毒植物因素主要是菜豆(89.14%,156/175),化学性因素主要以亚硝酸盐(76.09%,35/46)为主。结论应开展预防有毒植物和细菌性食物中毒知识的宣传教育,并加大对餐饮单位和集体单位食堂的监管。     

Analytical methods for Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus species

Bacillus cereus can give rise to two distinct forms of foodborne disease, the emetic and the diarrhoeal syndromes. The emetic syndrome is believed to be associated with an emetic toxin pre-formed in food. Cooked rice is the most common vehicle, and the symptoms are similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus intoxication. The diarrhoeal type is caused by an enterotoxin and the symptoms generally parallel those of the Clostridium perfringens food poisoning. The heat resistance of B. cereus spores and the non-fastidious nature of the organism facilitates its survival and/or growth in a wide variety of foods. This review describes analytical methods available for the isolation, identification, and enumeration of the organism, in addition to details about biological and immunological methods for toxin assay. Data are also presented concerning the incidence and epidemiology of B. cereus food poisoning around the world, and especially in Japan.     

Biosafety. Phycotoxins

General groups of phycotoxins are discussed. Classification of phycotoxins depending on their source organisms and syndromes of poisoning is presented. Domoic acid--a member of ASP-group is described in details. The chemical structure and properties of toxin, its source organisms and occurence in food web, mechanism of action, toxicity, tolerable contaminant levels in food and clinical presentation of poisoning are presented.     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素在食源性微生物中的研究进展

由细菌污染引起的食源性疾病依然是影响人类公共健康和食品安全的最大问题之一。其中,金黄色葡萄球菌是人类的一种重要病原菌,引起许多严重感染。金黄色葡萄球菌属于革兰氏阳性球菌,广泛分布于自然界,是引起化脓性疾病的重要病原菌,也是引起食品污染和细菌性食物中毒的一种重要细菌。食品受金黄色葡萄球菌污染后,不仅会腐败变质,而且部分菌株产生金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素（Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SEs）而引起食物中毒,由金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素引起的食物中毒占整个细菌性食物中毒的首位。所以,对SEs的研究以及快速、精确的检测和筛查,成为关键环节。本文拟对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素生物学性状、致病．洼、检验方法等方面的研究进展进行综述。当然,对金黄色葡萄球菌及其主要致病因子肠毒素的研究有待进一步深入与发展。     

LC-MS/MS analysis of palytoxin analogues in blue humphead parrotfish Scarus ovifrons causing human poisoning in Japan

Since 1953, a total of 27 human poisoning cases caused by the consumption of blue humphead parrotfish, Scarus ovifrons, have been reported in Japan. Characteristic symptoms are severe muscle pain associated with rhabdomyolysis. Although it is believed that palytoxin, which is one of the most potent non-protein marine biotoxins, is the most likely causative toxin in blue humphead parrotfish poisoning, palytoxin has not been proven conclusively as the causative toxin because of lack of a reliable and sensitive analytical method for palytoxin. In 2011, human poisoning cases caused by the consumption of blue humphead parrotfish occurred in Miyazaki and Tokyo. In our present study, an LC-MS/MS method for palytoxin and its analogues in the blue humphead parrotfish samples causing the human poisoning cases in 2011 was developed and the samples were analysed by using the newly developed LC-MS/MS method. Palytoxin and its analogues were not detected in the samples from the food poisoning cases. The LC-MS/MS findings therefore do not support the recently accepted hypothesis that palytoxin is the causative agent in blue humphead parrotfish poisoning in Japan.     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及其毒素的最新研究进展

在我国中北部地区,由椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种引起的食物中毒事件频有发生,中毒食物多为变质的发酵玉米面制品、长时间泡发的木耳和变质的银耳等。然而近年来南方地区相关中毒案例显著增长,广东传统河粉等米面淀粉制品存在被椰毒假单胞菌污染致人中毒死亡的风险,其毒素的致死率高,危害性强,受到全社会的高度关注。本综述总结了椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及其毒素米酵菌酸在理化、生化、检测技术、污染状况和影响因素的最新研究进展,并对鲜湿米粉中毒事件作出思考,为后续的相关研究提供理论基础。     

甘肃省2004—2011年食物中毒事件流行特征分析

目的:分析2004—2011年甘肃省突发并网络报告的食物中毒事件,为预防食物中毒事件发生提供相关依据。方法:对2004—2011年甘肃省网络报告的食物中毒事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果:2004—2011年甘肃省共报告食物中毒事件73起,中毒2 311例、死亡53例,病死率为2.3%。事件发生时间主要集中在4—10月,其中9月中毒人数最多。致病因素中微生物性食物中毒为30起、植物性和动物性13起、化学性为25起;致死人数较多的因素依次为农药/鼠药(30例)、毒蘑菇(7例)、肉毒毒素(4例)、亚硝酸盐(4例)和其它(8例)。结论:报告的食物中毒事件中,微生物所导致食物中毒仍是较大的食品安全问题;而农药/鼠药中毒和蘑菇中毒是导致食物中毒事件中的主要死亡原因。农村是食物中毒的防范重点。     

Detection of ricin contamination in liquid egg by electrochemiluminescence immunosorbent assay

A monoclonal antibody-based electrochemical luminescence method was developed for detecting and quantifying ricin in liquid egg, with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL. Because this highly toxic protein, present in the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor), has been used for intentional poisoning in the past, it is important to have sensitive and reliable analytical methodology to detect ricin in food matrices such as liquid egg. The detection of this quantity of pure or crude ricin spiked into commercial samples of liquid egg provides approximately 50000-fold greater sensitivity than required to detect a toxic dose of ricin (>1 mg) in a 100 g sample. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Because ricin has been used for intentional poisoning, there is a need for analytical methodology to detect ricin in food matrices to assure a safe food supply. Using monoclonal antibodies to ricin developed in our laboratory, we explored an assay readout system known as electrochemiluminescence. This technique afforded sensitive and specific analysis of ricin intentionally added to liquid egg and could potentially be used to monitor egg-based vaccine production.