铌离子注入改善铝表面的力学性能

利用金属蒸气真空弧离子源,将大束流Nb离子注入到铝中,改善了铝表面的力学性能。在离子注入过程中直接形成了金属间化合物Al3Nb。金属间化合物的形成与离子注入的剂量有关。当Nb离子剂量达到3×10     

AISI 316奥氏体不锈钢等离子体源渗氮及其耐磨抗蚀性能

目前,对AISI 316奥氏体不锈钢单一面心结构γΝ相改性层耐磨抗蚀性能的报道差异较大,有些甚至相互矛盾。采用等离子体源渗氮技术,于450℃,6 h改性AISI 316奥氏体不锈钢,获得了厚度约为17μm、峰值氮浓度20%(原子分数)、最大显微硬度1 510 HV0.1 N、单一面心结构的γΝ相改性层。分别采用WTM-2E球盘式磨损仪和PARSTAT2273电化学工作站,研究了干摩擦条件下γN相/Si_3N_4陶瓷球的摩擦磨损行为和在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,揭示了γN相改性层的耐磨抗蚀机理。结果表明:γΝ相改性层的磨损机制由原不锈钢的黏着磨损转变为氧化磨损,摩擦系数由0.88降低至0.65,磨损体积由0.13 mm~3降低到9.50×10-3mm~3,耐磨性能显著提高;γΝ相改性层阳极极化曲线未发生点蚀击穿过程,容抗弧直径增大,相位角平台变宽;采用等效电路Rs-(Rct//CPE)拟合的电荷转移电阻Rct由原不锈钢的1.006×105Ω·cm~2增至1.377×106Ω·cm~2,计算的双电层电容Cdl由88.4m F/cm~2降低至77.8 m F/cm~2,抗蚀性能明显得到了改善。     

Effect of silicon-ion implantation upon the corrosion properties of austenitic stainless steels

The structure of the surface layers and the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels after silicon-ion implantation, were examined. The implanted silicon doses were 1.5×1017, 3×1017 and 4.5×1017 Si+ cm-2. Implantation with all these doses gave an amorphous surface layer. When samples implanted with 1.5×1017 Si+ cm-2 were annealed at temperatures of 300 and 500 °C, their surface structure remained unchanged. After annealing at 650 °C, the amorphous layer vanished. It was determined how, in terms of corrosion resistance, the amount of implanted silicon, subsequent heat treatment and long time exposure, affect highly corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel (18/17/8) in comparison to the 316L austenitic stainless steel subjected to the same treatment. Corrosion examinations were carried out in 0.9% NaCl at a temperature of 37 °C. After silicon-ion implantation the corrosion resistance of the 316L steel increased while that of highly resistant (18/17/8) did not. The corrosion resistance of the investigated steels, both implanted and non-implanted, increased with the exposure time of the samples in the test environment. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Electrochemical and surface modifications on N+-ion-implanted 316 L stainless steel

The effect of nitrogen-ion implantation on the electrochemical behaviour of 316 L stainless steel in a simulated physiological solution (HBSS-Hanks Balanced Salt Solution) was studied by open-circuit potential versus time and cyclic polarization techniques, with the aim of characterizing the surfaces and choosing the best nitrogen-ion fluence. Three fluences (1015, 1016 and 1017 ions/cm2) were used. The 1016 ions/cm2 N+ fluence improves the corrosion resistance of the 316 L stainless steel.     

脉冲电流密度对Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目前,通过脉冲电沉积制备Ni-WC/Co复合镀层的研究报道较少。为了探究Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层对材料表面摩擦性能的影响,采用脉冲电沉积制备Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层,研究脉冲峰值电流密度对复合镀层晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和硬度的影响;室温下,在MM-W1B立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:随着峰值电流密度的增加,复合镀层晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,硬度则是先增大后减小,复合镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量都是先降低后升高;当峰值电流密度为10 A/dm2时,复合镀层的平均晶粒尺寸最小,硬度最高,摩擦系数和磨损量最低,耐磨性能最佳,复合镀层表面主要呈现轻微的划痕,且磨痕较窄,无疲劳磨损。     

C离子注入对SiO2薄膜光致发光特性的影响

先用湿氧化法在单晶硅表面生长了非晶态SiO2薄膜,再用不同能量的C离子对薄膜进行注入,然后用荧光光谱分析了注入参数(注入能量、剂量)与发光特性改变的关联。研究发现,C离子注入能显著影响薄膜的发光特性,并且薄膜发光特性的改变强烈依赖于C离子的注入能量和注入剂量。对C离子注入SiO2薄膜引起发光特性改变的可能机理进行了简单讨论。     

X65管线钢在沉积物下腐蚀与缓蚀剂作用效果

通过电化学阻抗谱和动电位扫描法研究X65管线钢在含氧氯化钠溶液中沉积物对电化学参数的影响。采用电阻法(ER)结合零电阻电流计(ZRA)研究X65钢在沉积物覆盖下的电偶腐蚀行为与不同浓度有机膦缓蚀剂的作用效果。结果表明:X65钢在SiO_2沉积物覆盖时腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀速率降低。当有沉积物覆盖与无沉积物覆盖的电偶试片相连时,X65钢在沉积物下发生阳极极化,阳极电偶电流密度在18h内由120μA/cm~2衰减到50μA/cm~2并保持稳定。依次加入5×10~(-5),8×10~(-5)和3×10~(-4)浓度的PBTCA后,电偶电流在最高升至1300μA/cm~2后逐渐下降并稳定在610μA/cm~2附近,沉积物下X65钢腐蚀速率达到6.11mm/a,PBTCA加速了X65钢在含氧溶液中沉积物下的腐蚀。通过对试片表面进行观察,沉积物下X65钢表面发生了严重的局部腐蚀。     

注入能量对304不锈钢离子注N表面改性层组织与性能的影响

注入能量对离子注入影响明显,但目前探究注入能量对304不锈钢离子注N层影响报道较少。研究在N剂量相同的情况下,离子注N时不同注入能量(30~75 keV)对304不锈钢表面改性层的组织及性能的影响。采用离子注入软件SRIM2013模拟离子注入对304不锈钢的注N深度,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、万能摩擦磨损试验机对表面改性组织、硬度、相结构、摩擦系数进行测试,并对微观机理进行了分析与讨论。研究表明:在相同剂量下(9.0×10~(17)cm~(-2)),在注入能量范围为30~60 keV时,表面生成了γN相。但随着注入能量达到75 keV,304不锈钢表面出现多孔形貌,且硬度、摩擦系数等力学性能下降。经注入能量60 keV注N后,所得注N试样的显微硬度约为基材的1.9倍,摩擦系数有所降低,从基材的0.62下降为注N后的0.32;注入能量60 keV是离子注入的最佳注入能量。     

Effect of Co Ion Implantation on GMR of [NiFeCo(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm)] ×20Multilayer Film

The composition, phase structure and microstructure of the discontinuous multilayer film [NiFeCo(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm)]×20 were investigated after Co ion implantation and annealing at 280, 320, 360 and 400℃, respectively.GMR (giant magnetoresistance) ratio of the film with/without Co ion implantation was measured. The results showed that Co ion implantation decreased the granule size of the annealed multilayer film, and increased Hc value and GM R ratio of the multilayer film. After annealing at 360℃, the multilayer film [NiFeCo(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm)] ×20with/without Co ion implantation both exhibited the highest GMR ratio of 12.4%/11% under 79.6 kA/m of applied saturation magnetic field.     

In vitro testing of surface-modified biomaterials

The influence of surface modification treatments such as ion implantation and sputter coating on an in vitro rat bone-marrow cell culture was studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. 316 L stainless steel, Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–5Al–2.5Fe were nitrogen ion-implanted with three fluences: 1015, 1016 and 1017 ion cm-2 with an energy beam of 40 keV. Both nitrogen and carbon sputter-coated 316 L stainless steel samples were also studied. Polished 316 L stainless steel, Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–5Al–2.5Fe and ThermanoxTM were also studied, in order to give comparative information. The materials were inoculated with a droplet of cell suspension and were maintained for 3 wk. A mineralized extracellular matrix was formed on all materials except on nitrogen sputter-coated 316 L stainless steel. The morphology of the cell cultures obtained on nitrogen-ion implanted materials was similar to those obtained on the untreated materials and ThermanoxTM. The observation of the interface between the cell layer and the substrata showed the presence of calcium- and phosphorus-rich globular deposits associated with collagen fibres. A higher density of these globular deposits was observed on the ion-implanted materials.     

纳米晶体钛基掺钽TiO2薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

采用室温直流反应磁控溅射技术在纳米晶体钛表面制备掺钽TiO2薄膜,研究了掺Ta量对纳米晶体钛基TiO2薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：在室温模拟人体体液条件下,掺钽TiO2薄膜与不锈钢淬火钢球（Φ4mm）对摩的磨损率为10^-6-10^-5mm^3·m^-1 N^-1级;随着Ta含量的增加,薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损率呈先...     

脉冲电流处理对轧制316L不锈钢的快速强化

目的 探究不同参数的脉冲电流处理(EPT)对轧制316L不锈钢拉伸性能、显微硬度及微观组织的影响。方法 将轧制的316L不锈钢作为原始样,调节流过样品的脉冲电流密度,分别为130、170、190、260、310 A/mm²,分析脉冲电流密度与其拉伸性能和显微硬度的关系。结果 轧制316L不锈钢的抗拉强度和显微硬度随着脉冲电流密度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中当脉冲电流密度为170 A/mm²时达到峰值,抗拉强度由1 485 MPa提升到1 625 MPa,同时显微硬度也由431HV增大到473HV。通过电子背散射衍射分析微观组织可知,与原始样相比,经过脉冲电流处理的样品晶粒尺寸明显减小,马氏体含量明显增多,脉冲电流处理可以促使微观组织快速均匀化。结论 脉冲电流处理可以在短时间内实现轧制316L不锈钢组织的均匀化调控,有效改善轧制316L不锈钢的微观组织,减少轧钢形变织构,促使参与的奥氏体转变为马氏体,使微观组织趋于稳定,同时还可以使轧制316L不锈钢晶粒快速细化,达到细晶强化的效果,有效提高整体抗拉强度和显微硬度。     

电流密度对Ni-W合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

现有的Ni-W合金镀层摩擦磨损性能研究较少涉及镀层制备条件的影响。在不同电流密度下采用脉冲电沉积法在45钢表面制备了Ni-W合金镀层,测试了Ni-W合金镀层在干摩擦及油润滑摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并观察磨损形貌,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦状态下,随着电流密度增加,Ni-W合金镀层的磨损量逐渐降低,但摩擦系数逐渐升高,45钢的磨损主要是黏着磨损中的擦伤磨损,Ni-W合金镀层主要为磨粒磨损,个别存在少量疲劳磨损;在油润滑摩擦状态下,随着电流密度增加摩擦系数保持稳定,磨损量逐渐降低,Ni-W镀层与45钢的磨损形式均为磨粒磨损,45钢存在少量疲劳磨损。     

Effects of Sn+ Ion Implantation on the Thermoelectric Properties of n-type Lead Telluride

1.IntroductionTheleadtelluridecompoundsystemsaretypicalthermoelectricmaterialsusedinconstructionofther-moelectricgeneratorsworkingat5Oo~85oKtemper-atureregion.Somereports[1~3]haveshownthepos-sibilityofimprovingthefigureofmeritZofPbTebyalloyingwithSnTeandbyformingPb1-.Sn.Tethinfilms,sincethesepseudo-binarysolidsolutionsgenerallyhaveamorefavorableratioofelectricalconductivityandthermalconductivitythanthatofaconvelltionalhomogeneousPbTematerial.Itwasalsoreported[4'5]thattheionimplantationcan…     

Q235钢表面Ni-Cr电镀层的组织及性能

为提高Q235钢的表面防护性能,对其进行表面电镀Ni-Cr处理,并采用正交试验对电镀Ni-Cr工艺进行优化。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(OM)分别对镀层进行物相表征和形貌观察,利用显微硬度计、磨粒磨损机和电化学工作站对镀层硬度和耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:以镀层沉积速率为指标,正交试验所得电镀Ni-Cr优化工艺为柠檬酸钠含量30 g/L,镀液pH值3.0,电流密度20 A/dm~2,电镀温度35℃,镀层沉积速率可达40.17μm/h;Ni-Cr镀层相结构由γ-Ni和Cr_(1.22)Ni_(2.88)组成;镀层表面平整,表面形貌为密集球形颗粒;与基体相比,正交试验所得Ni-Cr镀层硬度提高了81.62~649.08 HV_(2N),磨损率减少了9.14~29.99mg/cm~2,自腐蚀电位提高了2.05~121.28 mV。     

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2—based Material

The wear and friction properties of Ti3SiC2-based materials were studied using the pin-on-disc method. The friction coefficient of Ti3SiC2-based material was not very sensitive to normal load, the steady state value, μ, increased from 0.4 to 0.5 when the normal load increased from 7.7 N to 14.7 N. The wear volume for Ti3SiC2 disc increased with increasing normal load or sliding distance in the tests. The average wear rate of Ti3SiC2-based material was 9.9×10-5 mm3/Nm. The debris on the Ti3SiC2 disc was essentially made up of Ti3SiC2 and steel pin materials, while the debris on the steel sliders was generally pin material. The wear mechanism was concluded as the fracture and delamination of Ti3SiC2-based materials followed by adhesive wear of steel sliders.     

Effect of hydrogen plasma pretreatment on the growth of silicon nanowires and their employment as the anode material of lithium secondary batteries

Silicon nanowires were grown from a silane and argon gas mixture directly on a stainless steel substrate by radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) and used without any further treatment as the anode in the fabrication of lithium ion batteries. It was found that suitable pretreatment of the stainless steel substrate was required for the satisfactory growth of the silicon nanowires. In this study, the substrates were polished, etched in HF solution, coated with an aluminum catalyst layer with a thickness of c.a. 10 nm and then treated with a hydrogen plasma before the growth of the silicon nanowires. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) analyses showed that the grain size and surface roughness were increased after the hydrogen plasma pretreatment. The electrochemical performance of the silicon nanowires anode was also improved when the aluminum coated stainless steel substrate was exposed to the plasma for 20 min or longer; the initial coulombic efficiency was increased from 69.7% to 82% at a current density of 30 mA cm(-2).     

Surface modification of medical metals by ion implantation of silver and copper

Implant related infections remain a concern in modern surgery. Surface modification is an effective way to reduce the occurrence of these complications. Of various techniques, ion implantation shows promise. In the present work, silver and copper were ion implanted separately, into three typical medical metals, namely 317L stainless steel, titanium, and Ti-Al-Nb by a MEVVA ion source machine at various ion doses. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of silver and copper ion implantation on antibacterial performance and wear and corrosion resistance of the three materials. Antibacterial activity of silver- and copper-implanted samples against Staphylococcus aureus were assessed by the plate-counting method. The results show that silver and copper implantation improves the antibacterial rate and wear performance of all the three metals studied. It is also found that silver ion implantation does not change the corrosion resistance while the corrosion resistance of copper-implanted samples shows a significant decline. In conclusion, silver ion implantation is favorable to copper ion implantation for increasing the antibacterial nature of these three metals.     

高性能被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池的设计及制作

对一种被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池进行了设计、制作及测试.利用微模具成型工艺,以ABS为基底材料制作了电池双极端板.采用200 μm厚的不锈钢薄片作为集电极,利用激光切割技术制作进料通道,并在集电极两侧溅射金层以防止电化学腐蚀.有效面积为0.49 cm2的膜电极则采用催化剂覆盖电解质膜的方法制备而成.测试结果表明,室温环境下(25℃)该被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池在甲醇浓度为6 mol/L时最大功率密度可达22.14 mW/cm2.该性能对于被动式直接甲醇燃料电池的便携式高性能应用具有较大意义.     

表面纳米化预处理对316L不锈钢渗氮层摩擦学性能的影响

为改善奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用超声滚压与离子渗氮复合工艺对316L不锈钢表面进行了表面强化处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪以及摩擦磨损试验机等测定了渗氮层的硬度、深度、含氮量和物相组成,研究了表面晶层组织结构对离子渗氮行为和渗氮层在润滑油条件下摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:直接渗氮和超声滚压/渗氮试样表层组织均由S、γ'、ε和Cr N相组成,渗氮层厚度均为20μm,直接渗氮层以S相为主,超声滚压后渗氮层以ε和γ'相为主,组织结构较为致密;超声滚压/渗氮层的平均渗氮含量是直接渗氮层的2.88倍,摩擦系数降低了0.04,显微硬度和耐磨性是直接渗氮层的1.15倍和2.76倍;超声滚压处理诱使316L不锈钢表面形成的纳米晶层组织结构增强了渗氮试样表面的催渗效能和对渗氮层的支撑强度,超声滚压后渗氮试样的表面耐磨性能最好。