虚拟现实语言在产品定制中的应用

针对目前产品定制中存在的一些缺陷，提出了使用VRML建立网络定制平台。讨论了利用VRML创建便于网络传输的三维产品模型及网络定制中的虚拟场景与客户之间的交互方式，着重讨论了利用Java语言和EAI技术实现网络定制中的交互。最后通过实例阐述这些方法在产品的颜色、尺寸、形体定制中的具体应用。     

基于Unity的加工中心造型网络定制设计技术

结合以用户为中心及定制设计理论,提出使用Unity平台,开发适用于网络、多种操作系统和多种设备的加工中心定制系统的技术方法。有效解决了用户在网络浏览时进行加工中心的形态与色彩方面定制的问题,可提高用户参与度,获得个性化的定制加工中心产品。     

产品数字化协同交互式设计系统

文章在分析协同设计系统体系结构的基础上,提出了面向客户化定制的产品数字化协同与网络交互式设计系统的体系结构,分析了基于该体系结构的产品数字化协同与网络交互式设计系统的功能.深入研究了在协同设计过程中,参与设计人员的协同交互管理技术、基于Web的产品三维模型可视化交互式浏览等关键技术.在研究这些关键技术的基础上,开发了产品数字化协同与网络交互设计原型系统.     

客户驱动个性化产品定制系统的研究

21世纪将是经济全球化、需求个性化的时代，客户驱动个性化产品定制必将成为产品设计开发的重要方式之一。为适应这种发展趋势，本文探索了客户驱动产品定制系统的概念与意义，提出了客户驱动产品定制系统的体系结构，指出了其关键技术，并开发了客户驱动个性化产品定制的原型系统。     

基于X3D的机械产品网络定制的研究

用户的需求是多种多样的，企业应该实现对复杂结构形体产品的定制。提出了一种基于网络的虚拟现实和中间件技术的产品定制方法。在设计过程中采用功能设计方法，由中间件对用户的要求进行处理。提供用户定制的产品。实现了对复杂模型各种属性以及结构形状的修改，利用最新的虚拟现实技术X3D为支撑，实现了用户定制产品的实时显示，并给出系统实现的实例。     

面向冰箱内胆真空成型模的个性化定制设计研究

针对当前制造业中由客户指定产品参数的个性化定制需求,提出了面向冰箱内胆真空成型模的个性化设计方案。根据客户对产品个性化需求,对于零件之间尺寸约束关系规律性较强的模型采用基于装配体的设计方式;对于零件之间尺寸约束关系规律性较弱的模型采用添加参数化的设计方式;并介绍了基于Solid Works 2012开发冰箱内胆真空成型模专用个性化设计系统。经实例分析证明,该系统能够快速完成冰箱内胆真空成型模个性化定制,有效减少了设计人员的重复性工作。     

支持个性化需求的产品三维数字化定制设计系统

融合工业设计的理论和方法,以支持个性化需求为主要目标,在三维数字化设计软件平台上,研究实现了产品快速拼装设计、色彩智能匹配技术,以及具有人机工程分析、多目标评价技术的系统技术.应用COM组件、二次开发等技术,开发了支持个性化需求的产品三维数字化定制设计原型系统,为个性化消费需求和企业大规模定制生产提供了有效的工具.     

基于Web的个性化产品定制系统

对基于Web的个性化定制系统的特点、功能及其与CIMS其它子系统的联系进行了分析,建立了基于Web的个性化产品定制系统的整体框架.以客户满意度为指导,探讨了客户需求的获取方法和产品定制的方式.针对客户与企业协同设计的趋势,对客户在产品设计、制造中的协同方法进行了研究.在理论研究的基础上,开发了客户化定制系统原型并进行了初步应用,实现了基于Web从客户需求到满足客户需求和市场的产品的转变.     

基于Web的个性化产品设计及异地资源配置系统的研究

网络技术的迅速发展和广泛使用，使企业与客户和供应商的集成成为可能。在分析基于Web的个性化产品定制现状的基础上，提出了面向客户驱动的个性化产品设计及异地资源配置系统的设计思想和总体框架。详细地分析了该系统的体系结构和运行模式，并阐述了系统实现的关键技术。系统的研究与应用，为企业参与网络化制造奠定了一定的基础。     

基于CAXA三维实体平台的数字化定制设计系统关键技术研究

在介绍和分析了个性化产品三维数字化定制设计的发展和应用情况的同时,结合现代信息技术的发展,提出了基于CAXA的数字化定制设计系统体系框架,针对定制设计完整流程进行了深入研究和探讨,并建立了系统模型。随后以手机系列产品为应用对象,设计和开发了原型系统,并对基于CAXA的数字化定制设计系统的应用发展前景进行了展望。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.