基于夹点技术的航煤加氢换热网络优化

针对某航煤加氢装置现行换热网络夹点温差不合理导致能耗较大的现状,利用夹点技术对该装置换热网络进行分析、优化。在该装置实际工况下的夹点温差附近选取相应的夹点温差,计算出不同夹点温差对应换热网络的年总费用,得出年总费用最小的夹点温差,即最优夹点温差。在最优夹点温差的基础上生成新的换热网络,结果表明,节能效果显著。     

利用夹点技术优化蒸馏换热网络

介绍夹点技术设计的基本原理及设计原则,采用Aspen Hx-net软件,运用夹点技术对某炼油厂常压蒸馏装置换热网络进行优化分析,确定最优传热温差△Tmin、最小公用工程用量和夹点位置,并对换热网络进行了优化.装置运行情况表明,优化后的换热网络节能效果明显,装置投资回收期仅8个月.     

超临界CO2布雷顿循环中冷却器的夹点分析

针对超临界CO_2布雷顿循环中冷却器的夹点问题,采用传热单元模型,对夹点产生条件和影响因素进行了理论研究和计算分析。结果表明:冷却器内超临界CO_2的参数接近临界参数,产生夹点的可能性大;夹点的主要影响因素是超临界CO_2与水的流量比,随着流量比的增大,夹点温差逐渐减小;夹点温差对冷却器的换热面积和压降具有直接影响,随着夹点温差的增大,换热面积逐渐减小、压降逐渐增大;当夹点温差由2.9℃增大至4.4℃时,冷却器的换热面积减小了50%,但压降增大了约150%。     

联合站节能夹点分析研究

针对油气集输系统联合站内加热换热环节,采用夹点分析方法分析油气处理过程用能的合理性。该站用能瓶颈是夹点之下使用了加热器并且夹点温差偏大,确定了永一联合站当前处理工艺下加热换热网络的夹点位置和夹点温差,提高了能量利用率。     

基于AspenTech的分馏塔用能优化及换热网络夹点分析

炼油工艺过程中,分馏系统的用能优化是换热网络能量优化的必然要求。以荆门石化3．5Mt／a常减压蒸馏装置为例,利用AspenP1us和AsDenEnergyAnalyzer软件,对常压塔以及换热网络的用能情况进行分析,提出能量优化利用思路：变工况条件下．首先优化分馏系统操作参数,再以此为条件,优化换热网络结构,才能实现整个网络的能量优化。利用AspenPIus软件的模型分析功能,确定了常压塔底汽提蒸汽、常压炉出口温度、中段回流以及侧线的最佳操作参数,为换热网络的夹点分析提供基础数据;在分馏塔操作优化基础上,对现有换热网络进行夹点分析,找出最优夹点温差,求得现有换热网络最高理论换热终温（317．7℃）,为进一步优化换热网络提出了目标;通过建立现有换热网络的网格图,找出跨夹点换热的换热器（总共有5台）,为换热网络的改进提供了方向。     

基于夹点技术的海上原油处理系统换热优化

为提升海上原油处理系统用能效率,减少燃料消耗量并降低污染物排放,采用夹点技术进行海上原油处理系统换热网络优化。概述夹点技术的基本原理和夹点确定计算方法,以我国某海上油田原油处理平台换热工艺为例,通过分析冷热物流特性,计算知最小传热温差为13℃时公用冷源降为0,并以此作为基础重新设计原油处理换热网络。优化后换热网络换热器数量维持不变,公用热源负荷由4 912.6 k W降至3 654.3 k W,无公用冷源需求,年可节省天然气用量133.1万m3(标准)。基于夹点技术设计原油处理换热工艺为工程设计阶段提供参考和依据。     

渤三联合站分布式能源系统夹点分析

为了解决胜利油田能源消耗较大,余热浪费较多的问题,提出天然气发电和污水余热利用相结合的联合站分布式能源系统。构建了分布式能源系统核心设备的能流模型,利用能流分析的方法对核心设备在不同运行参数下的性能进行分析。以能流分析为基础,利用实际运行参数对渤三联合站分布式能源系统进行夹点分析,确定出夹点位置以及最小负荷。最终,计算得到调优改造后换热网络的节能潜力。结果表明：较优的夹点温差范围为14~18 ℃;当夹点温差为18 ℃时,对应的联合站所需总费用最低,联合站所需要的加热量为8 901.8 kW,与夹点分析优化之前相比所需的热负荷下降了1726.7 kW,其节能潜力达到19.4%。     

夹点技术与换热网络综合调优方法

本文在换热网络夹点设计法及能量松弛调优法的基础上，针对石油化工装置的热回收网络流程提出了换热网络综合调优的筒捷实用方法，在应用中取得了良好效果。     

夹点技术在LNG分馏换热能量优化中的应用

在天然气液化技术工程化研究中,LNG分馏工艺较复杂,且设备种类较多,存在热量利用不充分,公用工程消耗量大的问题,为了节约能源需要对换热网络进行改进。先使用HYSYS软件对分馏工艺进行模拟,得出系统工艺参数,分析现有换热网络能量消耗,得到最小换热温差,再运用夹点技术对分馏区换热网络提出了改造方案。通过改进和优化,充分利用脱乙烷塔底物流的冷量,将分馏区热公用工程消耗量降低了15%,冷公用工程消耗量降低了8%,使用夹点技术对系统工艺和设备参数优化的研究得到了良好的节能效果。     

夹点理论及其在换热网络中的优化分析

本文主要介绍了利用夹点技术设计换热网络的原则及需要注意的问题,并利用夹点技术对乙烯生产原有换热网络进行夹点分析,研究换热网络利用的瓶颈,找出换热网络不合理的环节和原因。经优化改造后新增4台换热设备,新增设备及改装费用约2 900万元,但每年节约公用工程费用2 949万元,回收期为一年,故改造合理,节能明显。     

The consequences of unpredictable development of economic conditions on heat exchanger network configurations and economic results

The work reported in the present paper was carried out in connection with a comprehensive process integration study of a fertiliser plant in Lithuania. However, the investigation reported presently only concerns a constructed example with seven process streams, four hot streams and three cold streams.The primary objective of the present work was to gain an understanding of the influence of dramatic economic changes on heat exchanger network (HEN) configurations, their profitability and how an existing HEN could restrict future possibilities of heat recovery.HENs were designed to maximise the net present value (NPV) of investment and savings during a desired depreciation period for the conditions before the economic changes (State 1), after the economic changes (State 2), and for a retrofit of the “State 1” HEN under “State 2” conditions.The study required six different strategies to be considered, and the economic results, expressed as NPV of investment and savings, are presented and discussed.     

Pinch locations at heat capacity flow-rate disturbances of streams for minimum utility cost heat exchanger networks

The work deals with heat exchanger network (HEN) targeting under heat capacity flow-rates of streams disturbances. In particular, the aim is to calculate all pinches that can exist in a HEN with utilities of minimum cost when stream heat capacity flow-rates (CPs) are allowed to change within given ranges. It is assumed that the disturbances are stochastic. The knowledge of pinches at certain as well uncertain data is of great importance in designing HENs. For instance, Pinch Technology is based on pinch phenomenon and its influence on HEN operation and design. In case of parameter disturbances, this is even more important since additional application in HEN’s control (see e.g. [1], [2]). It is worthnoting that in case of disturbances, pinches behave in very complex manner as it was shown in [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. A rigorous approach has been developed for calculating all feasible locations of pinches that can occur in minimum utility cost of HENs operating at varying heat capacity flow-rates of process streams. The method is based on recursive solution of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimisation model that requires quite moderate number of binary variables. Examples of method application and analysis of results are presented in the work.     

Simultaneous synthesis of flexible heat exchanger network

A framework is presented for generating flexible heat exchanger networks (HENs) over a specified range of variations in the flow rates and temperatures of the streams. The flexible HEN is synthesised using a combination of a multiperiod simultaneous MINLP model and search algorithms, where the total annual costs due to utility duties, exchanger areas and selection of matches are optimised. The simultaneous HEN synthesis allows the data to be distributed according to a probability distribution and it does not rely on the concept of pinch point. Both search algorithms involve a developed multiperiod NLP/LP model where utility costs are minimised. The proposed procedures are explained through an example including variations resulting in a network with variable splits and bypasses. This framework results in a HEN working under variations without losing stream temperature targets while keeping an economically optimal energy integration.     

较大规模换热器网络的一种综合优化方法

基于分级超结构换热器网络模型的特点，改进了计算温度分布的通用解方法，以遗传算法和模拟退火算法为主，以瞎子爬山优化算法以及一些特殊优化策略为辅，设计了相应的计算程序，它需要的计算机内存要比现有的其他方法小。实例证明，该方法可成功地应用于较大规模的换热器网络的优化，并得到比现有各种方法更优的结果。     

Calculation of heat exchanger networks for limiting fouling effects in the petrochemical industry

The paper presents a method for designing of heat exchanger networks (HENs), which reduces the effects of thermal fouling resistance. The method is based on pinch technology, extended by two transformations. These are based on the criterion of minimum sensitivity to the fouling effects by a single heat exchanger and the HEN. The proposed method has been applied in the petrochemical industry where the two heat recovery systems, designed by the method described here, have been working successfully for some years.     

双工质循环发电系统换热器温度参数选择的研究

通过建立双工质循环发电系统的计算模型和理论分析系统热力过程,对双工质循环发电系统中蒸发器的最佳蒸发温度以及蒸发器和凝汽器的最佳端部温差进行了优化选择。计算结果表明,最佳蒸发温度除与热水初温和冷凝温度有关外,也与端部温差有关,并随之增加而减少。在热水初温130℃及冷凝温度48℃下,得到蒸发器及凝汽器的端部温差优化值均为6℃,对应的最佳蒸发温度为87℃。     

Heat exchanger network design of an organic Rankine cycle integrated waste heat recovery system of a marine vessel using pinch point analysis

The coexistence of different kinds of waste heat sources on marine vessels with various temperature ranges increases the need for an optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) design for the heat collection process to reduce the unutilizable heat that needs to be discharged to overboard. The optimal HEN design has not been taken into consideration by using pinch point analysis in previous studies of marine organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems that utilize from different kinds of waste heat sources. The objective of the study is to determine the optimal HEN design for an ORC integrated waste heat recovery system of a marine vessel by utilizing the pinch point analysis to improve the overall energy efficiency. Lubricating oil, high-temperature cooling water and scavenge air of the main engine, and the exhaust gas emitted from the boiler plant were identified as the major waste heat sources of a reference container ship. A heat collection stream, in which thermal oil is used as the heat transfer fluid that transfers the collected heat to an ORC system, was proposed. The pinch point analysis showed that the optimum waste heat recovery could be gained by separating the scavenge air cooler into three stages and the lubricating oil cooler into two stages. The results of the parametric study for the varying evaporator inlet pressure between 1000 and 3000 kPa showed that R1234ze(Z) yields the best performance among nine different organic working fluids with the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of 15.24% and 86.47% for the ORC system, respectively. For the proposed configuration, the unavailable waste heat that cannot be transferred to thermal oil was found as 23.71%, 16.56%, 13.17%, and 7.81% of the total waste heat produced by the heat sources, and also 8.24%, 9.80%, 11.55%, and 12.93% of the net power output produced by the main engine can be recovered for 25%, 50%, 76%, and 100% maximum continuous rating (MCR), respectively.     

Reconstruction of a heat exchanger network under industrial constraints — the case of a crude distillation unit

Heat exchanger network retrofit using a pinch based approach is presented. In this approach, the criterion of minimum sensitivity of heat exchanger to fouling effects is accounted for. The present paper introduces this criterion without explaining its details that are described in the literature. A summary is given of HEN reconstruction in a crude distillation unit processing 4.2 million ton crude oil per year. While the total heat quantity of hot streams is 110 MW, the heat recovery in the existing HEN is 60 MW. Using Pinch Analysis, the target value of heat recovery at ΔT_min=10 K was determined at 91 MW. Measurements were carried out on the existing HEN with the aim to determine the influence of fouling effects on the heat transfer in the exchangers. Taking local constraints including fouling into account, HEN reconstruction was proposed. The heat savings in the reconstructed HEN was estimated at 75 MW.     

New proposal in the thermodynamic analysis of complex heat regeneration systems

This paper presents a new approach for analyzing and/or synthesizing the heat regeneration system, which has many applications in various energy conversion plants (ECP) and between ones. The method is applied for optimizing heat exchanger networks (HENs) operating below ambient temperature conditions as an application for refrigeration machines. Exergy and exergoeconomic methods are adapted for the optimization of three-flow heat exchangers. Few cases are illustrated and discussed. Also, the heuristic rules and design criteria for pinch analysis for an optimized HEN are presented.