Evaluation of a.c. conductivity of rubber ferrite composites from dielectric measurements

The effect of frequency, composition and temperature on the a.c. electrical conductivity were studied for the ceramic, Ni_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄, as well as the filler (Ni_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄) incorporated rubber ferrite composites (RFCs). Ni_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄ (where) (bix)varies from 0 to 1 in steps of 0.2 were prepared by usual ceramic techniques. They were then incorporated into a butyl rubber matrix according to a specific recipe. The a.c. electrical conductivity (σ_a.c) calculations were carried out by using the data available from dielectric measurements and by employing a simple relationship. The a.c. conductivity values were found to be of the order of 10⁻³ S/m. Analysis of the results shows that σ_a.c. increases with increase of frequency and the change is same for both ceramic Ni_1−xZn_xFe₂O₄ and RFCs. σ_a.c increases initially with the increase of zinc content and then decreases with increase of zinc. Same behaviour is observed for RFCs too. The dependence of σ_a.c on the volume fraction of the magnetic filler was also studied and it was found that the a.c. conductivity of RFCs increases with increase of volume fraction of the magnetic filler. Temperature dependence of conductivity was studied for both ceramic and rubber ferrite composites. Conductivity shows a linear dependence with temperature in the case of ceramic samples.     

Modification of dielectric and mechanical properties of rubber ferrite composites containing manganese zinc ferrite

Spinel ferrites constitute an important class of magnetic materials. Polycrystalline ferrites are a complex system composed of crystallite grain boundaries and pores. Manganese zinc ferrites have resistivities between 0.01 and 10 Ω m. Making composite materials of ferrites with either natural rubber or plastics will modify the electrical properties of ferrites. Composite materials are ideally suited for many modern applications where ceramic materials have some drawbacks. The mouldability and flexibility of these composites find wide use in industrial and other scientific applications. Mixed ferrites belonging to the series Mn_(1−x)Zn_xFe₂O₄ (MZF) were synthesized for different ‘x’ values in steps of 0.2. These pre-characterized ceramic ferrites were then incorporated in a natural rubber matrix. The dielectric properties of the ceramic manganese zinc ferrite and RFC were also studied. A program based on G programming was developed with the aid of LabVIEW package to automate the dielectric measurements. The dielectric permittivity of the RFC were then correlated with that of the corresponding dielectric permittivity of the magnetic filler and matrix by a mixture equation, which helps to tailor properties of the composites.     

Studies on conductivity and dielectric properties of polyaniline-zinc sulphide composites

In the present paper, we report electrical conductivity and dielectric studies on the composites of conducting polyaniline (PANI) with crystalline semiconducting ZnS powder, wherein PANI has been taken as inclusion and ZnS crystallites as the host matrix. From the studies, it has been observed that the value of room temperature d.c. conductivity of the composites with volume fraction of PANI > 0.65 shows an unusual behaviour wherein, conductivity values of the composites exceed that of PANI itself with maximum value as high as 6 times that of PANI at the volume fraction of 0.85. A similar trend has also been observed for the real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant values of the composites. This unusual behaviour in the d.c. conductivity and dielectric properties has been attributed to the enhancement in the degree of crystallinity of PANI as a consequence of its interfacial interaction with ZnS matrix. The results of optical microscopy show coating of PANI all around the ZnS particles. The temperature dependent conductivity studies suggest the quasi one-dimensional VRH conduction in PANI as well as its composites with ZnS. FTIR and XRD studies have also been reported.     

Cadmium substituted high permeability lithium ferrite

Polycrystalline Li_0.5-x/2Cd_xFe_2.5-x/22O₄ ferrites wherex = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 were prepared by a double sintering ceramic technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lattice parameter is found to increase monotonically with the cadmium content. It is explained in terms of the sizes of component ions. The grain size of the samples increases up tox = 0.3 and then it decreases for higher values ofx. A similar trend is observed in the variation of Ms with Cd²⁺ content. The initial permeability (μ_i) is however found to increase continuously withx. The increase in μ_i is attributed to decrease of anisotropy constant K₁ and higher grain size of the samples.     

Synthesis, characterization and conductivity studies of polypyrrole-fly ash composites

In situ polymerization of pyrrole was carried out in the presence of fly ash (FA) to synthesize polypyrrole-fly ash composites (PPy/FA) by chemical oxidation method. The PPy/FA composites have been synthesized with various compositions (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) of fly ash in pyrrole. The surface morphology of these composites was studied with scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The polypyrrole-fly ash composites were also characterized by employing X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The a.c. conductivity behaviour has been investigated in the frequency range 10²–10⁶ Hz. The d.c. conductivity was studied in the temperature range from 40–200°C. The dimensions of fly ash in the matrix have a greater influence on the observed conductivity values. The results obtained for these composites are of greater scientific and technological interest.     

Synthesis and magnetic study of Co-Al substituted calcium hexaferrite

A series of calcium substituted polycrystalline ferrite ceramics with magnetoplumbite structures were synthesized using perfect stoichiometric mixtures of oxides with chemical composition, CaAl_xCo_xFe_12−2xO₁₉ (x = 2−5), by standard ceramic technique. The variation in the values ofH _candM _s,which depends on the additive content and the temperature, was studied by means of a vibration magnetometer. The strong variation observed in coercivity, saturation magnetization and Curie temperature with chemical composition give rise to the possibility of controlling these properties and hence applying these compounds in the millimeter— microwave range.     

Fe78Si13B9/铁氧体复合材料磁粉芯制备及其软磁性能

用Mn-Zn铁氧体溶胶对非晶Fe78Si13B9粉体包覆,模压成型制备了复合磁粉芯,并研究了复合材料磁粉芯的软磁性能.实验结果表明,铁氧体粉体在500℃×2h的热处理条件下逐渐生成,并在非晶Fe78Si13B9颗粒表面较好包覆;铁氧体溶胶的加入,大大提高了非晶Fe78Si13B9磁粉芯的品质因数Q值.当铁氧体溶胶量为7%、30℃的测试温度时,Fe78Si13B9/铁氧体复合材料磁粉芯的磁导率在1MHz时达到最大值32,Q值高达23.     

锰锌铁氧体非线性磁性能的研究

研究了偏直流磁化对锰锌铁氧体非线性磁性能的影响。研究表明：偏置直流的增加,降低了材料的磁导率,提高了截止频率,并且在一定偏置直流范围内,磁导率呈线性变化。偏置直流磁场的引入,实现了电感量的电流调节和可使用带宽的增加。并且通过对材料烧结工艺的控制,可以在比较大的范围内改变磁导率的调节速度。     

A study of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation on polycrystalline Ni-Zn ferrites

Polycrystalline NiZn ferrites with different grain sizes (1.2 (Am to 10.2 (Am) were prepared by the usual ceramic method. The magnetic properties were measured at room temperature. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were measured on Ni-Zn ferrite by using the pulse transmission method at 1 MHz, in the temperature range 300–600 K. The velocity was found to be slightly sample dependent at room temperature and decreased with increasing temperature, except near the Curie temperature, T _c ,where a small anomaly was observed. The longitudinal attenuation (α ₁ )at room temperature was found to be more sample dependent. The temperature variation of ultrasonic longitudinal attenuation exhibited a broad maximum around 400 K and a sharp maximum just below Curie temperature ( T _c ).The above observations were carried out in the demagnetized state. The application of a 380 mT magnetic field allowed us to reach the saturated state of the sample at all the measuring temperatures. The anomaly observed in the thermal variation of velocities (longitudinal and transverse) and attenuation has been qualitatively explained with the help of the temperature variation of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant.     

化学共沉淀法制备NiCuZn铁氧体微粉及其磁性能

采用预烧氧化法(化学共沉淀法制备的前驱体在高温下预烧)制备了NiCuZn铁氧体微粉。结果表明,预烧氧化法制备的NiCuZn铁氧体微粉平均晶粒尺寸约为44.1nm。随着预烧温度升高,样品D50增大。当预烧温度为850℃时,平均颗粒尺寸为2μm左右,比饱和磁化强度为62A.m2/kg,起始磁导率约为90,损耗也较小,截止频率为59MHz。     

烧结工艺对锶铁氧体永磁材料性能及结构的影响

研究了锶铁氧体烧结过程中烧结温度、恒温时间对锶铁氧体磁性能及结构的影响.结果表明,随烧结温度的升高,Br和(BH)max均增大,HCJ减小;随恒温时间的延长,变化趋势相同.优化试验结果为:烧结温度1180～1215 ℃,恒温时间2～3 h.     

EDTA络合法制备Ni-Zn铁氧体及其磁学性质

以金属硝酸盐为原料,通过乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合法制备了尖晶石型Ni1-xZnxFe2O4(x=0.0-0.7)晶体。通过TG-DTA考察了制备过程,采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和VSM等对产物进行了表征,研究了热处理温度和Zn取代量对晶型结构和磁学性质的影响。同传统的固相法相比(1300℃/20h),制备单相Ni-Zn铁氧体所需的焙烧温度降至700℃,焙烧时间缩短至2h。随着Zn取代量的增加,晶胞参数递增,而矫顽力(Hc)和居里温度(Tc)逐渐下降。饱和磁化强度(Ms)随Zn取代量呈先递增至x=0.4后再逐渐下降。在1.5MHz的交变磁场中,所制粒子的感应温度接近设计的居里温度,能够适于感应加热的应用。     

Microwave dielectric properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite

Nickel ferrite is one of the important ferrites used in microwave devices. In the present work, we have synthesized nanoparticles of nickel ferrite using chemical precipitation technique. The crystal structure and grain size of the particles are studied using XRD. The microwave dielectric properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite samples of three different average grain sizes and those of two sintered samples were studied. The parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss and heating coefficient of the nanoparticles samples are studied in the frequency range from 2·4 to 4 GHz. The values of these parameters are compared with those of sintered pellets of the same samples. All these parameters show size dependent variations.     

Tailoring the microstructural,magnetic and dielectric properties of vanadium ions substituted nickel ferrite nanocrystals

This paper describes the composition-dependent microstructural, magnetic and dielectric properties of vanadium ions doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles. All the nanoferrite samples (NiV_xFe_2-xO₄: x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were prepared using conventional co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction patterns verified the single cubic spinel phase formation and achievement of nanosized ferrite particles with a homogeneous distribution, which was also supported by HRTEM micrographs. Mean crystallite diameter was seen in the range of 05 nm to 12 nm as evaluated from Williamson-Hall (W-H) curves for the different doped samples. A compressive nature microstrain was noticed in all the samples and was also seen to reduce with the enhancement of vanadium ions content. A blue shift was detected in the indirect band gap for higher vanadium doped samples. Magnetization at the saturation point as well as coercive field both were observed to reduce at room temperature with increasing vanadium concentration in nanosized nickel ferrites. Room temperature dielectric characteristics of all the synthesized samples ensured that the elementary charge conduction process was governed by the hopping of electrons. Cole-Cole plots also showed that the grain boundaries play an important task in deciding the dielectric responses.

     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of zinc ferrite thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition

Zinc ferrite thin films were deposited from a target of zinc ferrite onto a MgO substrate using XeCl excimer laser operating at 308 nm and frequency of 30 Hz. The crystallographic characterizations of the films were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition and grain size, as well as surface roughness were obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The magnetic properties of the thin films were studied in the temperature range 5–300 K and in fields of up to 5 T using SQUID magnetometry. Data on temperature and field dependence of magnetization provide a strong evidence for superparamagnetism. Paper presented at 8 AGM of MRSI, BARC, Mumbai, 1997.     

Zn2+对MnZn铁氧体结构、磁性能和磁热效应的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法制备了不同Zn2 含量的纳米MnZn铁氧体微粒,并通过XRD、VSM、TEM等方法研究了Zn2 含量对MnZn铁氧体结构、磁性能及在外磁场作用下磁热效应的影响.结果表明,Zn2 含量对MnZn铁氧体的结构与性能有重要的影响,其中成分为Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4的铁氧体微粒,具有最高的饱和磁化强度和磁热效应,10mg的该样品在频率为60kHz的外磁场诱导下,20min内使得1ml去离子水升温了32℃,显示出优良的磁热性能.同时,通过调节Zn2 含量实现了MnZn铁氧体发热量的可调性.随着Zn2 含量的增加,Mn1-xZnxFe2O4的矫顽力Hc和剩余磁化强度Br不断减小,而饱和磁化强度Ms先增大后减小,在x=0.2处达到最大值,约为44.6(A·m2)/kg.     

锰锌铁氧体纳米粒子的制备和磁性能研究

以金属离子的硫酸盐溶液和氨水溶液为原料,采用水热法制备了粒径为6～16nm的锰锌铁氧体纳米粒子.采用XRD、TEM、TGA和VSM等方法对产物以及产物的磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,锰锌铁氧体(Mn1-xZnxFe2O4)的居里温度随着锌的相对含量x的增加而单调的降低.锰锌铁氧体的磁化强度先随着锌的相对含量x的增加而增大,当锌的相对含量＞0.6时,磁化强度随着锌的相对含量x的增加而减小.测量了锰锌铁氧体磁流体的饱和磁化强度,计算了锰锌铁氧体(Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4)纳米粒子的磁矩,其值为1.01×10-19A·m2.     

c轴取向的M-型SLFCO铁氧体薄膜的制备及磁性能

采用化学溶液沉积法在Al2O3（001）单晶衬底上制备SLFCO铁氧体薄膜,XRD谱表明样品具有c轴取向的单相结构,空间群为P63/mmc;AFM结果表明样品颗粒呈柱状,平均颗粒尺寸在50～100nm之间。SLFCO铁氧体薄膜具有高的室温饱和磁化强度（130A/m）,矫顽力（549.24kA/m）和大的矩形比（0.9）,这些性能表明SLFCO铁氧体薄膜是一种非常有潜在应用价值的高密度磁记录材料。     

镍锌铁氧体纳米材料制备及其光催化性能研究

以金属硝酸盐、硝酸镍、硝酸铁、硝酸锌为原料,柠檬酸和葡萄糖作为分散剂和燃烧剂,通过溶胶-凝胶自蔓燃法在200℃下制备了纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4光催化剂。通过XRD、TEM、VSM分析表明,所制样品为纯相尖晶石型镍锌铁氧体,颗粒大小约为18nm,饱和磁强度Ms为31.14A·m2/kg,剩余磁强度Ms为2.08A·m2/kg,矫顽力Hc为4949A/m,表现为铁磁性。样品的光催化性能实验表明,在Ni-Zn铁氧体+H2O2+可见光系统中,亚甲基蓝的降解率在2h内达到98%。反应后的样品通过磁力回收,用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗,60℃烘干后,进行3次重复实验,样品的降解率没有降低,表明样品性能稳定,是一种可回收的光催化剂。