尼龙1212/SEBS-g-MA/DIDP/BSBA共混体系的制备与力学性能研究

选择SEBS-g-MA和两种不同的小分子增塑剂DIDP、BSBA，采用共混挤出的方法，制备了尼龙1212(PA1212)／SEBS—g—MA／DIDP／BSBA共混合金，并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，随着SEBS-g-MA质量分数的增加，共混合金的冲击强度明显提高。当SEBS-g-MA质量分数为10％时，其缺口冲击强度为89．3kJ／m^2，是PA1212的20倍左右；拉伸强度保持率是PA1212的90％左右。     

尼龙1212/66/EPDM-g-MA/DIDP/BSBA共混体系的制备与力学性能

将尼龙1212盐和尼龙66盐按照9：1（质量比）的配比合成了尼龙1212／66共聚物。选择EPDM—g—MA和两种不同的小分子增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯／N-丁基苯磺酰胺,采用共混挤出的方法,制备了尼龙1212／66／EPDM—g—MA／DIDP／BSBA共混合金,并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着EPDM—g—MA用量的增加,共混合金的冲击强度明显提高。当EPDM—g—MA质量系数为10％时,缺口冲击强度为86．8kJ／m^2,是尼龙1212／66共聚物的17倍左右;拉伸强度保持率是尼龙1212／66共聚物的90％左右。     

PFPA1212/SEBS-g-MAH共混合金力学性能和微观结构的研究

制备了石油发酵尼龙1212／SEBS－g-MAH共混合,工对其力学性能和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明，随着增韧剂含量的增加，共混合金的制品冲击强度显著提高，当增韧剂含量为25％时，缺口冲击强度为61.26kJ/m^2，是纯尼龙1212的15倍，拉伸强度保持率是纯尼龙1212的90％。微观结构研究表明，尼龙1212的断裂属于韧性断裂，增韧后的尼龙1212制品冲击断面有明显的应力发白现象，冲击强度提高的主要原因在于应力集中点的增多。     

尼龙66/纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙66／纳米SiO2复合材料,并对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能以及拉伸断面形态进行了研究。结果表明,随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度在纳米SiO2质量分数为3％时达到最大．较纯尼龙66提高7．6％;复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加而增加,在纳米SiO2质量分数为4％时,比纯尼龙的简支梁缺口冲击强度提高51．3％。复合材料储能模量和损耗模量也较纯尼龙66有所增加;复合材料的断面出现明显的塑性变形。     

PVC/MPOE/无机填料体系性能的研究

采用两步法制备了“核（刚性无机填料）-壳（热塑性弹性体）”结构的粒子,初步研究了PVC／MPOE（改性POE）／无机填料复合体系的力学性能。结果表明,当填充母料中滑石粉或碳酸钙的质量分数为70％时,PVC／MPOE／无机填料体系综合性能最好;CPE增加了PVC和MPOE的相容性,当其用量为11phr时．复合体系的冲击强度增加4．2倍,拉伸强度比PVC／POE体系增加2倍;流动改性剂改善了填充母料的加工性能,当其质量分数为2％时．填充母料的扭矩比不加流动改性剂的降低了25％,PVC／MPOE／无机填料复合体系的力学性能最佳。两步法比一步法改性的复合体系的冲击强度增加60％左右,而拉伸强度降低了10％。     

HDPE/POE/CaCO3三元体系薄膜研究

采用聚烯烃弹性体（POE）和重质碳酸钙对HDPE薄膜进行改性,研究了POE和重质碳酸钙的用量对共混体系薄膜力学性能、流变性能的影响。结果表明,POE的加入,使HDPE／POE薄膜的单位落镖冲击破损质量增加,而拉伸强度则有所下降。当POE的质量分数为10％时,薄膜的单位落镖冲击破损质量提高了51．1％,但薄膜的拉伸强度下降了20．5％。在HDPE／POE／CaC03体系中,当POE、重质碳酸钙的质量分数分别为10％和5％时,薄膜的单位落镖冲击强度比纯HDPE提高95．6％,且拉伸强度不降低。     

尼龙1212/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过插层聚合制备了尼龙1212／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，研究了反应条件、蒙脱土含量对复合材料性能的影响，并分析了原因。结果表明，聚合时加搅拌所制备复合材料的性能优于未加搅拌的，反应温度为240℃时复合材料的拉伸强度最高；蒙脱土含量为4％时，复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值，比纯尼龙1212提高18．9％，蒙脱土含量为6％时，复合材料的缺口冲击强度最高，比纯尼龙1212提高21．3％。     

尼龙1212/EPDM-g-MAH共混体系的制备及性能研究

制备了尼龙（PA）1212／EPDM－g-MAH共混物，并对其力学性能、热性能及共混形态进行了研究，结果表明，增韧剂的加入使共混物的缺口冲击强度显著增大，当增韧剂含量为20％时，缺口冲击强度为74．98kJ/m^3，是纯PA1212的13．5倍；用二甲苯处理过的共混物试样断面很不平坦，有很多孔洞和类纤维体，说明弹性体粒子以球状分散于基体树脂中。     

四氨基铜酞菁/尼龙6共聚物的制备与表征

通过原位聚合方法制备了四氨基铜酞菁／尼龙6共聚物．并用FT-IR、U／Vis、DSC等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征,通过SEM观察了其断裂形貌,并讨论了其增强增韧机理。结果表明：添加质量分数为0．8％的氨基酞菁可使共聚物呈均匀的墨绿色,共聚物具有光吸收性,共聚物的冲击强度、拉伸强度分别比尼龙6提高了136％和14％。共聚物的冲击断面圆滑。     

不同热塑性弹性体增韧聚甲醛

在比较乙烯-辛烯共聚热塑性弹性体(POE)、氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和凝胶丁腈弹性体(GNBE)增韧聚甲醛(POM)的力学性能基础上,研究了GNBE增韧POM共混物的应力一应变、断裂形貌和热稳定性。结果表明,以GNBE改性POM共混物的力学性能最好。当以质量分数为6％的酚醛树脂为增容剂时,用质量分数为20％的GNBE增韧POM,共混物缺口冲击强度为21．6kJ／m^2,扯断伸长率为133．0％,拉伸强度为33．8MPa。当GNBE质量分数为10％时,POM／GNBE共混物应变为未改性POM的2倍。试样缺口冲击断裂形貌分析表明,POM的断裂表面光滑平整,是典型的脆性断裂;而POM／GNBE共混物的断裂表面粗糙。加入质量分数为20％,的GNBE,POM／GNBE共混物在空气气氛中的热失重温度有明显的提高。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.