SHS／PHIP技术制备TiC—30Fe金属陶瓷的显微组织及形成过程研究

通过自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压法制备出了致密度为９６．３％的ＴｉＣ－３０ｗｔ％Ｆｅ金属陶瓷。分析了金属陶瓷的结构和组织，讨论了ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ制备金属陶瓷的材料结构形成过程。结果表明，金属陶瓷由近乎球形ＴｉＣ颗粒和Ｆｅ粘结相组成。粘结相Ｆｅ与ＴｉＣ之间有一较薄扩散层。     

非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成

研究了反应物起始条件对非化学计量碳化钛SHS过程燃烧动力学的影响。用燃烧波淬火法分析了燃烧产物组织形成过程,并计算了SHS过程的激活能。 研究SHS—准热等静压工艺表明,制备非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷时,存在一有利于致密化的最佳施压滞后时间。增大外加压力有利于提高最终产物密度,直到压力大于160MPa后产物密度不再增大,施加压力的保持时间超过1.5min后,延长时间亦不能增加最终产物密度。 在C/Ti=0.42～0.50范围内,用SHS—准热等静压工艺制备了致密化的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷。金属陶瓷经800℃、0.5h处理后,其中的非化学计量碳化钛相发生有序化转变,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度增大。 根据材料设计知识,添加Ni、TaC、Mo有效地细化了金属陶瓷晶粒,提高了金属陶瓷性能。并且添加Mo使粘结相由α-Ti(hcp)转化为β-Ti(bcc),提高粘结相变形能力。在C/Ti=0.45时,同时添加7wt％的Mo和4wt％TaC的复合作用使金属陶瓷抗弯强度达884.0MPa,硬度HRA87.3。 自蔓延高温合成的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷,具有较好的红硬性和优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

TiO_2对ZrO_2－NiCr金属陶瓷烧结特性和相稳定性的影响

本文研究了ＴｉＯ２掺入对ＣａＯ稳定ＺｒＯ２（简称ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ）金属陶瓷烧结特性的影响，测定了ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ－ＴｉＯ２金属陶瓷烧结样品的密度和显微硬度，结果表明，ＴｉＯ２的掺入能提高ＣａＳＺ－ＮＩＣｒ金属陶瓷的烧结密度和显微硬度，对ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ金属陶瓷有助烧结作用．金相观察表明，ＴｉＯ３的掺入改变了ＮｉＣｒ相在金属陶瓷中的形貌，说明了ＮｉＣｒ与ＣａＳＺ的浸润性有一定的改善．ＸＲＤ和ＥＰＭＡ分析结果显示，ＴｉＯ２偏聚在ＮｉＣｒ金属相中，不影响ＣａＳＺ的稳定性．     

自蔓延高温合成TiC—Al2O3—Fe系金属陶瓷的致密化研究

采用ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ工艺制备了致密的ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｆｅ系金属陶瓷，研究了延迟时间，高压特续时间，压力及Ｆｅ含量对合成ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｆｅ金属陶瓷实度的影响，结果表明，采用ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ技术制备了ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｆｅ系金属陶瓷时，合成产物中气体的排放，液相的存在及组成相之间的润湿性是制备密实材料的关键。     

Pb（Mg1／2W1／2）O3—PbTiO3—PbZrO3l陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为的…

研究了Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ１／２Ｗ１／２）Ｏ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３－ＰｂＺｒＯ３陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为。ＥＤＳ分析得到：体系中存在富Ｗ和富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ的两相，平均分子式为：Ｉ相（富Ｗ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ０．２７０Ｗ０．３６７Ｚｒ０．１８２）Ｏ３．０９１；Ⅱ相（富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ０．１０９Ｗ０．１８７Ｔｉ０．２０４Ｚｒ０．３４０）Ｏ２．７５８。两种居里点分别为：ＴＣＩ〈－６５℃，ＴＣＩ＝１０５℃，图像处理     

TiO2对ZrO2—NiCr金属陶瓷烧结特性和相稳定性的影响

本文研究了ＴｉＯ２掺入对ＣａＯ稳定ＺｒＯ２（简称ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ）金属陶瓷烧结特性的影响，测定了ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ－ＴｉＯ２金属陶瓷烧结样品的密度和显微硬度，结果表明，ＴｉＯ２的掺入能提高ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ金属陶瓷的烧结密度和显微硬度，对ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ金属陶瓷有助烧结作用。金相观察表明，ＴｉＯ２的掺入改变了ＮｉＣｒ相在金属陶瓷中的形貌，说明了ＮｉＣｒ与ＣａＳＺ的浸润性有一定的改善。ＸＲＤ和Ｅ     

TiC-Al2O3-Fe金属陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成研究

通过自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压法（ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ）制备出了致密度为９７．７％的ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２０Ｆｅ金属陶瓷（ＴＡＦ２０）。分析了金属陶瓷的相组成、微观组织及性能。结果表明：金属陶瓷由ＴｉＣ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷颗粒和Ｆｅ粘结相组成;粘结相中Ｆｅ与Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的界面光滑,与ＴｉＣ之间有一薄的扩散层;ＴＡＦ２０金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和抗压强度分别为８９０ＭＰａ和１８．４ＧＰａ。     

Pb（Mg_（1／2）W_（1／2））O_3－PbTiO_3－PbZrO_3陶

研究了Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（１／２）Ｗ＿（１／２））Ｏ＿３－ＰｂＴｉＯ＿３－ＰｂＺｒＯ＿３陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为。ＥＤＳ分析得到：体系中存在富Ｗ和富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ的两相，平均分子式为：Ⅰ相（富Ｗ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（０．２７０）Ｗ＿（０．３６７）Ｔｉ＿（０．１７８）Ｚｒ＿（０．１８２））Ｏ＿（３．０９１）；Ⅱ相（富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（０．１０９）Ｗ＿（０．１８７）Ｔｉ＿（０．２０４）Ｚｒ＿（０．３４０）Ｏ＿（２．７５８）。两相居里点分别为：Ｔ＿（ｃＩ）＜－６５℃，Ｔ＿（ｃＩ）＝１０５℃，图像处理得到两相的面积比为：Ｓ＿Ⅰ＝６８．６４％，Ｓ＿Ⅱ＝３１．３６％。按３－３模型复合，得到两相体积比为：７６％、２４％。复合相的介电性能符合Ｘ７Ｒ要求，｜ＴＣＣ｜≤１２％，且介－温曲线与原材料有相同的规律。     

SOCl_2/TiCl_4引发体系的α-蒎烯/苯乙烯阳离子共聚反应研究 Ⅰ.SOCl_2/TiCl_4的共聚合性能研究

通过对ＳＯＣｌ２／ＴｉＣｌ４引发体系的α－蒎烯（Ｍ１）／苯乙烯（Ｍ２）共聚产物进行ＧＰＣ、１ＨＮＭＲ以及微臭氧化－薄层层析法等分析表征，证明该引发体系能在宽广的单体投料比范围内实现有效共聚。在确认仅生成共聚物的反应条件下，采用Ｍａｙｏ－Ｌｅｗｉｓ式积分法测得该体系在－３０℃、［ＳＯＣｌ２］＝２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、［ＴｉＣｌ４］＝６０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２溶剂中的竞聚率分别为苯乙烯ｒ２＝２．３１±０．１５；α－蒎烯ｒ１＝０．５２±０．０６。     

TiC—Al2O3—Fe金属陶瓷的蔓延高温合成研究

通过自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压法（ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ）制备出了致密度为９７．７％的ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２０Ｆｅ３合金陶瓷（ＴＡＦ２０）,分析了金属陶瓷的相组成、微观组织及性能。结果表明：金属陶瓷由ＴｉＣ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷颗粒和Ｆｅ粘结相组成;粘结相中Ｆｅ与Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的界面光滑,与ＴｉＣ之间有一薄的扩散层;ＴＡＦ２０金属陶瓷的抗强度和抗压强度分别为８９０ＭＰａ和１８．４ＧＰａ。     

氢对钛晶体弹性模量影响的第一原理研究

为了研究氢对钛晶体弹性模量的影响,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理赝势平面波方法对α-Ti、β-Ti、不同钛-氢原子比的α-Ti-H和β-Ti-H晶体模型进行了完全几何优化,计算了优化后晶体的弹性模量,通过差分电荷密度分析了氢影响钛晶体弹性模量的作用机理.计算得到的Ti/H原子比为16∶1的α-Ti-H晶体的弹性模量小于α-Ti晶体,而Ti/H原子比为8∶1的α-Ti-H晶体的弹性模量大于α-Ti晶体.不同Ti/H原子比的β-Ti-H晶体的弹性模量均大于β-Ti晶体.研究表明,氢降低了低氢含量的α-Ti-H晶体的弹性模量,提高了β-Ti-H晶体的弹性模量.     

Formation mechanism of hydride precipitation in commercially pure titanium

Since titanium has high affinity for hydrogen and reacts reversibly with hydrogen,the precipitation of titanium hydrides in titanium and its alloys cannot be ignored.Two most common hydride precipitates in α-Ti matrix are γ-hydride and δ-hydride,however their mechanisms for precipitation are still unclear.In the present study,we find that both γ-hydride and δ-hydride phases with different specific orienta-tions were randomly precipitated in the as-received hot forged commercially pure Ti.In addition,a large amount of the titanium hydrides can be introduced into Ti matrix with selective precipitation by using electrochemical treatment.Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to study the precipitation mechanisms of the two hydrides.It is revealed that the γ-hydride and δ-hydride precipita-tions are both formed through slip + shuffle mechanisms involving a unit of two layers of titanium atoms,but the difference is that the γ-hydride is formed by prismatic slip corresponding to hydrogen occupy-ing the octahedral sites of α-Ti,while the δ-hydride is formed by basal slip corresponding to hydrogen occupying the tetrahedral sites of cα-Ti.     

Microstructural studies and wear assessments of Ti/TiC surface composite coatings on commercial pure Ti produced by titanium cored wires and TIG process

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process and titanium cored wires filled with micro size TiC particles were employed to produce surface composite coatings on commercial pure Ti substrate for wear resistance improvement. Wire drawing process was utilized to produce several cored wires from titanium strips and titanium carbide powders. Subsequently, these cored wires were melted and coated on commercial pure Ti using TIG process. This procedure was repeated at different current intensities and welding travel speeds. Composite coating tracks were found to be affected by TIG heat input. The microstructural studies using optical and scanning electron microscopy supported by X-ray diffraction showed that the surface composite coatings consisted of α′-Ti, spherical and dendritic TiC particles. Also, greater volume fractions of TiC particles in the coatings were found at lower heat input. A maximum microhardness value of about 1100 HV was measured which is more than 7 times higher than the substrate material. Pin-on-disk wear tests exhibited a better performance of the surface composite coatings than the untreated material which was attributed to the presence of TiC particles in the microstructure.     

Joining of Zirconia and Ti-6Al-4V Using a Ti-based Amorphous Filler

Polycrystalline ZrO2-3 mol.%Y2O3 was brazed to Ti-6Al-4V by using a Ti47Zr28Cu14Ni11(at.%) amorphous ribbon at 1123-1273 K in a high vacuum. The influences of brazing temperature on the microstructure and shear strength of the joints were investigated. The interfacial microstructures can be described as ZrO2/TiO+TiO2+Cu2Ti4O+Ni2Ti4O/α-Ti+(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) eutectic/acicular Widmanst¨aten structure/Ti-6Al-4V alloy. With the increase in the brazing temperature, the thickness of the TiO+TiO2+Cu2Ti4O+Ni2Ti4O layer reduced, the content of the α-Ti+(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) eutectic phase decreased, while that of the coarse α-Ti phase gradually increased. The shear strength of the joints did not show a close relationship with the thickness of the TiO+TiO2+Cu2Ti4O+Ni2Ti4O layer. However, when the coarse (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) phase was non-uniformly distributed in the α-Ti phase, or when α-Ti solely situated at the center of the joint, forming a coarse block or even connecting into a continuous strip, the shear strength greatly decreased.     

X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization of intermetallics formed in Fe/Ti nanometer-scale multilayers during thermal annealing

Intermetallics formation in the Fe/Ti nanometer-scale multilayers magnetron-sputtering deposited on Si(100) substrate during thermal annealing at 623-873 K was investigated by using small and wide angle X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Fe/Ti nanometer-scale multilayers were constructed with bilayer thickness of 16.2 nm and the sublayer thickness ratio of 1:1. At the annealing temperature of 623 K, intermetallics FeTi were formed by nucleation at the triple joins of α-Fe(Ti)/α-Ti interface and α-Ti grain boundary with an orientational correlation of FeTi(110)//α-Ti(100) and FeTi[001]//α-Ti[001] to adjacent α-Ti grains. The lateral growth of intermetallics FeTi which is dependent on the diffusion path of Ti led to a coalescence into an intermetallic layer. With an increase in the annealing temperature, intermetallics Fe₂Ti were formed between the intermetallics FeTi and the excess Fe due to the limitation of Fe and Ti atomic concentrations, resulting in the coexistence of intermetallics FeTi and Fe₂Ti. It was found that the low energy interface as well as the dominant diffusion path constrained the nucleation and growth of intermetallics during interfacial reaction in the nanometer-scale metallic multilayers.     

Effect of TaC addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets

The microstructures of the prepared Ti(C, N)-based cermets with various TaC additions were studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness (K_1C) and hardness (HRA) were also measured. The results showed that the grain size of the cermets decreased with increasing TaC addition, but too high TaC addition resulted in agglomeration of the grains. An increasing TaC addition increased the dissolution of tungsten, titanium, molybdenum and tantalum in the binder phase. The hardness of the cermets decreased slightly with increasing TaC addition. The transverse rupture strength was the highest for the cermets with 5 wt.% TaC addition, which was characterized by fine grains, homogeneous microstructure and the moderate thickness of rim phase in the binder. The fracture toughness of the cermets with TaC addition from 0 to 5 wt.% decreased obviously, which resulting from decreased grain size. The further decreasing of fracture toughness for the cermets with 7 wt.% TaC addition was due to increased porosity and interfacial tensile stress.     

实现Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷强韧化的技术路径

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷因具有高强度、高硬度、耐高温、耐酸碱、耐磨损等优良性能而被广泛应用于刀具、模具等。在高温切削加工时,金属陶瓷刀具不但具有优良的抗粘附性和热稳定性,还拥有比硬质合金刀具更好的高温红硬性、耐磨性和抗氧化性,并且具有自润滑性能。在日本,金属陶瓷刀具的应用占全部刀具的35%以上,欧美等国也达到20%以上,而在我国,金属陶瓷刀具和陶瓷刀具主要依靠进口,金属陶瓷刀具的使用量仅占刀具总量的3%。由此可见,我国金属陶瓷刀具的研发与生产应用远远落后于发达国家。为实现把我国建设成为全球制造业强国的梦想,必须加快我国金属陶瓷刀具研发、生产与推广应用,以改善加工业的加工精度和产品表面光洁度,提高加工业的加工效率,保证制造业零部件的高质量,全面提高我国制造业水平。虽然Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具比传统的硬质合金刀具有更好的高温红硬性、耐磨性和抗氧化性,但是冲击韧性、断裂强度较差及高温强度不够是其致命的缺点。为此,国内外学者在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的强韧性方面展开大量的研究工作,并取得了一定的研究成果。研究工作主要集中在:(1)陶瓷相与金属相的成分;(2)烧结工艺;(3)引入纳米增强体。近两年来,由于钼、钴的资源短缺与价格上涨,从实际生产成本和高性能等方面考虑,一些学者还对无钼无钴、掺高熵合金Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的性能进行了研究。本文采用比较法,对有关Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料强韧化的研究成果进行了分类、归纳与总结,从而得出了影响Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料强韧化的三个因素——组成成分、显微结构和烧结工艺,并就此展开讨论;介绍了当前增强增韧Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的三种主要方法——纳米颗粒改性增韧法、晶须增韧法和纤维增韧法;最后提出关于今后Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的强韧化研究亟待解决的问题与发展方向。     

Influence de l'implantation ionique sur l'oxydation du titane par l'oxygene

Ion implantation can lead to great modifications of titanium oxidation at 600°C in oxygen atmosphere. Oxygen short circuit diffusion is enhanced by the ion bombardment of the metal but can be reduced if the amount of the implant exceeds its solubility limit in α-Ti.Kinetic measurements have been performed with Rb, Cs or Ba implanted samples. The results suggest that heavy alkaline implants inhibit the $\text{Ti (+III)}\text{Ti (+IV)}$ oxidation whereas barium decreases the oxygen diffusion coefficient in TiO₂.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程的冶金基础及其显微组织特征Ⅰ烧结过程的冶金基础

综述了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的冶金基础.涉及烧结冶金过程中的几个重要的基础问题:Ti(C,N)的稳定性,粘结相同硬质相的润湿性,碳、氮化合物在粘结上中的溶解度及其选择溶解性.     

Structural peculiarities of cermets design based on titanium carbide

The influence of nickel addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium carbide frames with different chemical compositions and the cermets based on them, has been considered. It was shown that the increase of the nickel content in the initial charge leads to the refining of the frame microstructure and to a decrease of the porosity of titanium carbide frames which still remain open. Metallic or intermetallic layers appear in the intergranular areas. These factors have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the cermets.