水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂的研制与应用

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差及乳液型防蜡剂稳定性差等不足,利用表面活性剂亲水亲油基团结构特点,将蜡晶改进剂均匀地分散在水中,研究出具有低毒不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好等优点的水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂。室内实验表明,该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,降黏率和动态防蜡率大于70%。现场试验表明,采用连续加药方式,可有效减少洗井次数,提高油井产油量。     

固体防蜡剂的研制及其应用

本文介绍了固体防蜡剂的组成及制做过程,在室内效果评定实验基础上,在胜利油田部分结蜡较严重的油井上进行了现场试验,并且获得了较好的效果。     

油井清防蜡剂的研究及应用

针对大庆油田油井结蜡严重的问题，根据油田采用的地面工艺集输流程，大庆油田建设设计研究院研究出能够在外围油田代替热水洗井工艺的油井清防蜡剂。通过实践证明种清防蜡剂可延长加药周期，减少洗井次数，经济效益显著，值得广泛推广。     

油基清防蜡剂FLO的研究与应用

FLO油基清防蜡剂主要由1^#、2^#活性剂、降粘剂和有机溶剂组成。室内实验表明，溶蜡速率大于0．02g／min，静态防蜡率大于50％，降粘率大于30％，动态防蜡率大于60％。现场试验表明，采用定期加药方式，可减少洗井次数，提高油井产油量。     

防蜡剂与渗透剂复配用于清防蜡及油层解堵

简要介绍了ZY-3型水基清防蜡剂与T型渗透剂的复配体系的清防蜡及解堵机理、复配液对魏岗原油流变性的影响,提出了复配液的使用方法。现场应用结果表明该复配体系具有良好的清防蜡、破乳、降粘、解堵作用。     

AF型清防蜡剂的研制及在赵凹油田的应用

针对赵凹油田安棚区决原油性质、地层特点、油井结蜡规律,研制开发出AF型清防蜡剂及配套的不放空、不停抽、带压加药工艺.在赵凹油田63口高含蜡油井的现场应用结果表明,该清防蜡剂可使油井的维护性作业井次年均减少18.5井次,同比降低25％,热洗井次年均减少328井次,同比降低53％,热洗周期平均延长40.6天,应用效果显著.     

顺北原油防蜡剂的研制及防蜡机理

为防止顺北原油管道集输中结蜡,根据顺北原油析出蜡的碳链分布设计合成了以甲基丙烯酸十八酯、醋酸乙烯酯、对苯二乙烯为单体的超支化聚合物防蜡剂,考察了合成条件对防蜡剂防蜡性能的影响,采用冷指法评价了该防蜡剂的防蜡效果并分析了该防蜡剂的防蜡机理。研究结果表明,顺北原油的含蜡量为6.57%,析蜡点为23℃,在环境温度下极易结蜡。优化得到防蜡剂最佳合成条件为:甲基丙烯酸十八酯和醋酸乙烯酯摩尔比为5∶1,对苯二乙烯加量为单体总质量的0.02%,引发剂加量为单体总量的0.7%,聚合温度70℃,聚合时间为6 h。当防蜡剂加量为500 mg/L时防蜡率达到70%以上,表现出良好的防蜡效果。当加入防蜡剂600 mg/L后,原油凝点降低8℃,析蜡点降低13.4℃,防蜡剂与石蜡形成了共晶,破坏了石蜡的晶体结构,抑制了石蜡的继续增长,从而达到防蜡的效果。图19表1参10     

水溶性暂堵剂的研究及应用

针对胜利孤东油田油井漏失严重问题,研制了用有机硅改性处理的水溶性暂堵剂,室内实验表明,该堵剂可使岩心堵塞率达到９０％以上,用地层水长时间冲刷后,渗透率恢复值在８５％以上。１０口井的现场试验结果表明,该堵剂对漏失速率超过０．４ｍ＾３／ｍｉｎ含水量９８％以上的特高含水井有较好的防漏暂堵保护效果。     

油田清防蜡技术发展现状

油井结蜡是目前国内外油田面临的重要问题之一,文章介绍了近几年国内外常用的清防蜡技术及清防蜡机理,重点介绍了微生物清防蜡技术、化学清防蜡技术的发展现状及研究方向,提出了一种新型的固体防蜡工艺技术.清防蜡既要重视效果,同时也应重视安全、环保.无污染、安全、有效的清防蜡工艺技术是今后发展的方向.     

应用YSW105处理高硬度高碱度循环冷却水

将新型缓蚀阻垢复合药剂YSW105应用于中国石油化工股份有限公司北京燕山分公司聚丙烯事业部第四循环水场，现场应用效果表明，系统的浓缩倍数平均为4．5，监测换热器的腐蚀速率和黏附速率均优于中国石化标准。该配方具有较好的缓蚀阻垢性能，能够应用于高硬度高碱度地下水和在高浓缩倍数下加酸运行的地表水，节水效果显著。     

水平井选择性堵剂的室内性能评价及矿场应用

针对目前胜利油田筛管完井水平井堵水现状,对水分散乳液聚合物凝胶、相渗调节剂和油溶性树脂选择性水平井堵剂进行了性能评价及矿场应用.其中,水分散乳液聚合物为聚丙烯酰胺,相渗调节剂为阴阳离子表面活性剂,油溶性树脂为改性酚醛类树脂.结果表明,水分散乳液聚合物凝胶可用于非均质油藏点状出水或部分井段出水水平井堵水,油溶性树脂可用于...     

新型水溶性暂堵剂SZD的研究与应用

针对油田注水井及高含水油井漏失严重问题,研制了SZD系列水溶性暂堵剂。对不同暂堵剂的暂堵及解堵效果、返排驱替液量对暂堵和解堵效果的影响、暂堵剂注入量对暂堵效率的影响以及岩心渗透率对暂堵剂暂堵强度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,该暂堵剂可使岩心封堵率达到90%以上,用水冲刷100PV后,渗透率恢复值在85%以上。40余口井的现场试验结果表明,该暂堵剂能有效解决注水井和高含水井存在的漏失问题。     

注水井酸化暂堵剂ZDJ-J的研究及应用

水溶性暂堵剂ZDJ—J主要用5％0丙烯酸树脂一Ⅱ按20％的增重比包裹无机盐而成。ZDJ—J暂堵剂在水中能溶解且速度慢,在酸中溶解率较低,且在50℃经过24h后在水中的溶解率能达到70％以上。酸化解堵后,其渗透率恢复率超过90％,对地层无伤害。暂堵剂ZDJ—J最佳用量为10％,增粘剂加量为5‰时可以达到多层酸化的目的,有效地改善水井的吸水剖面,缓解同层和层间矛盾。     

An Experimental Study on Wax Deposition of Water in Waxy Crude Oil Emulsions

Abstract

The key factors affecting wax deposition of water-in-oil emulsion were studied experimentally using a cold finger device. Wax deposition characteristics of emulsions were obtained. The results showed that the wax deposition profile of emulsions as a function of temperature parameters was similar to that of single oil. However, the effect of the extent of water cut on wax deposition was obviously different at different temperatures. Furthermore, the relative mass of deposit was proposed and found independent of water cut, from which wax deposition rate at different water cuts could be predicted and the predicted values were in good agreement with experimental data.     

Wax deposition during production of waxy crude oil and its remediation

In the current paper, fundamental aspects of wax deposition problems in pipeline are defined, and characterization of paraffin and their solubility tendencies have been discussed. Wax deposition depends on flow rate, the temperature differential between crude and pipe surface, the cooling rate, and surface properties. The physico-chemical characterization of crude oil is determined. The experiments were carried out in “Cold Finger Apparatus.” Best pour point depressant for the selected crude oil has been found out as Lubrizol-6682 among different chemicals available that reduces the pour point from 36° to 12°. The deposition of paraffin wax, its dispersion, and inhibition were studied with available chemicals and by the optimization of suitable additives for particular well. Kinetics of crude oil in terms of time and differential temperature has also been studied and effective dispersion times are observed for particular oil. It is found that dispersion is effective within 30–60 min of starting. Kinetic study of oil with respect to differential temperature is done in two ways either by varying ambient/surface temperature or pumping/reservoir temperature. The tendencies of wax deposition on different sample with neat and treated crude are observed and ideal differential temperature for particular oil to flow is determined.