油基清防蜡剂FLO的研究与应用

FLO油基清防蜡剂主要由1^#、2^#活性剂、降粘剂和有机溶剂组成。室内实验表明，溶蜡速率大于0．02g／min，静态防蜡率大于50％，降粘率大于30％，动态防蜡率大于60％。现场试验表明，采用定期加药方式，可减少洗井次数，提高油井产油量。     

防冻乳状型防蜡剂YZ238的研制

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差等不足,研制出具有低毒、不易燃烧、防蜡效果好的YZ238防冻乳液型防蜡剂。该防蜡剂主要由1#、2#活性剂、蜡晶改进剂和有机溶剂组成。室内实验表明：该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,稳定性≥270天,凝固点≤-30℃,静态防蜡率大于70％。     

水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂的研制与应用

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差及乳液型防蜡剂稳定性差等不足,利用表面活性剂亲水亲油基团结构特点,将蜡晶改进剂均匀地分散在水中,研究出具有低毒不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好等优点的水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂。室内实验表明,该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,降黏率和动态防蜡率大于70%。现场试验表明,采用连续加药方式,可有效减少洗井次数,提高油井产油量。     

肇州201区块油基清防蜡剂的研究

针对大庆肇州201区块原油含蜡量高,凝点高,易结蜡的特点,研制出了效果较好的油基清防蜡剂,确定了最佳配方,并且考察了防蜡剂加量对防蜡率和降凝效果的影响。结果表明,对A油样,1^#防蜡剂加量为1．0％时,其防蜡率可达88．6％,凝点可降低7℃;对B油样,4^#防蜡剂具有较好的防蜡降凝效果。     

高蜡原油清防蜡剂的研制与应用

以科新公司防蜡剂产品KS-30-01(主要成分为聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯)为基础,通过对主溶剂和表面活性剂进行筛选研制了一种高蜡原油用管道用清防蜡剂.实验结果表明,降黏率、防蜡率均随防蜡剂用量的增多而增加,且溶蜡速率随清蜡剂用量的增多而增加.d号清防蜡剂对乍得原油防蜡率可达45.4％,溶蜡速率0.0441 g/min,降黏率7...     

BZ25-1油田新型清防蜡剂的复配及降黏性能研究

室内模拟BZ25-1油田油藏温度,考察清防蜡剂的溶蜡率和防蜡率,优选出新型清防蜡剂,以酯类清防蜡剂QFNJ-2为主剂,与酯类清防蜡剂QFNJ-4按质量比2∶1复配,使用浓度为1 600 mg/L,该体系能实现高效清防蜡的目的,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油特性及HS防蜡剂的研究

 采用气相色谱、核磁共振和DSC热分析等方法,分析了哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油的组成和结构。采用显微镜和接触角仪研究了HS防蜡剂对哈萨克斯坦PKKR原油的防蜡机理。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦PKKR油井结蜡严重的主要原因是原油中沥青质+胶质与蜡的质量比低、采出液含水量低、原油中溶解气量较多、原油含高碳蜡且蜡的支链度低和井口温度低于析蜡点。HS防蜡剂对PKKR原油的防蜡率大于60%（部分油井防蜡率大于90%）。HS防蜡剂通过改变原油中蜡晶的结构,抑制其形成三维网状结构;改变蜡沉积表面的水润湿性能,形成不利于蜡沉积的表面,从而达到降低结蜡的目的。     

顺北原油防蜡剂的研制及防蜡机理

为防止顺北原油管道集输中结蜡,根据顺北原油析出蜡的碳链分布设计合成了以甲基丙烯酸十八酯、醋酸乙烯酯、对苯二乙烯为单体的超支化聚合物防蜡剂,考察了合成条件对防蜡剂防蜡性能的影响,采用冷指法评价了该防蜡剂的防蜡效果并分析了该防蜡剂的防蜡机理。研究结果表明,顺北原油的含蜡量为6.57%,析蜡点为23℃,在环境温度下极易结蜡。优化得到防蜡剂最佳合成条件为:甲基丙烯酸十八酯和醋酸乙烯酯摩尔比为5∶1,对苯二乙烯加量为单体总质量的0.02%,引发剂加量为单体总量的0.7%,聚合温度70℃,聚合时间为6 h。当防蜡剂加量为500 mg/L时防蜡率达到70%以上,表现出良好的防蜡效果。当加入防蜡剂600 mg/L后,原油凝点降低8℃,析蜡点降低13.4℃,防蜡剂与石蜡形成了共晶,破坏了石蜡的晶体结构,抑制了石蜡的继续增长,从而达到防蜡的效果。图19表1参10     

保护层分析方法研究及其在风险分析中的应用

在结蜡油井中使用固体化学防蜡剂,可有效抑制油井管、杆、泵等处结蜡,延长有杆泵的检泵周期,降低抽油机能耗。用动态结蜡率测试仪及流变仪分别测试防蜡率及析蜡点的变化,评价防蜡剂在室内的应用效果。通过室内理论计算检泵周期、溶解速度、防蜡率之间的关系,预测了防蜡剂在井底的有效性。用抽油机系统效率测试仪,测试抽油机电机运行的电能参数及安装在抽油机悬绳器上的传感器的油井载荷,对比结蜡井措施前后的数据,评价防蜡效果。测试表明,结蜡井使用化学固体防蜡剂可使油井载负荷平均下降9.73kN,系统效率提高6.92%,综合节电率22.23%。     

井下固体防蜡降凝技术的应用效果分析

井下固体防蜡技术,可以克服加液体药剂防蜡工艺技术的缺陷,延长热洗周期.固体防蜡器中的防蜡剂由高分子环氧化合物聚合而成,适用于40～50 ℃的井段.在维持油品中防蜡剂质量分数在10×10-6以上的情况下,在4口井安装了固体防蜡器,平均热洗周期由55天延长到144天,节约热洗费用6.4×106元.针对不同井的实际情况,选用不同配方、长度的井下固体防蜡器,一次性随泵下入井下,不采用任何清蜡措施达一年半以上.     

HD-Ⅰ型微晶蜡乳化液的研制

以阴离子乳化剂 A、非离子表面活性剂 B和助表面活性剂 C对微晶蜡进行乳化 ,研制出稳定的 HD- 型微晶蜡乳化液。并用正交实验确定了该乳液的最佳配方 (质量分数 ) :微晶蜡为 5% ,阴离子乳化剂 A为0 .5% ,非离子表面活性剂 B为 1 % ,助表面活性剂 C为 1 %。确定的最佳乳化工艺条件为 :乳化温度大于 80℃ ,乳化时间大于 1 5min,搅拌速度 1 50 0～ 2 0 0 0 r/ mi     

表面活性剂用作水基防蜡剂的研究

评价了不同表面活性剂的润湿性、防蜡率。实验结果表明，AE10017效果最好，使用质量浓度为200mg／L时，防蜡率可达50％以上；AE10017和SP169或孤岛5号复配后，产生明显的防蜡协同效应。当ρ（AE10017）：ρ（SP169）=200：100复配后，防蜡率可达77％，ρ（AE10017）：ρ（孤岛5号）=150：150复配后，防蜡率达71％。当产出液的含水率高于40％时，所研制的防蜡剂具有较好的防蜡效果。     

Evaluations of the effect of selected wax inhibitive chemicals on wax deposition in crude oil flow in sub-sea pipe-lines

Comparative studies were made on the effect of different wax inhibitive chemicals on the wax deposition volume during crude oils flow in pipeline. Two crude oils from Ovhor and Jisike oil fields in the southern part of Nigeria were used in the study. The four identified chemicals: Alkyl sulphonates (wax dispersant), polyethylene (wax inhibitors/crystal modifier), acrylate ester copolymer (pour point depressant, PPD) and xylene (wax solvents) inhibit wax deposition to varying degree of between 14.6–44.9% for crude oil A, and between 21.6–41.4% for crude oil B when 1500 ppm of each chemical was mixed with the crude oil sample. The optimal wax inhibition formulation of polyethylene, xylene, acrylate ester polymer and alkyl sulphonate contains 40.4, 19.2, 27.6, 12.8% and 36.3, 21.5, 25.8, 16.4% for crude oil A and B respectively. Applications of the optimal formulated mixtures of the above chemicals inhibit wax deposition by 58.9% and 62.4% for crude oil A and B respectively.     

乳液型油井防蜡降凝剂DODP—2的研制

大庆外围低渗透油田由于油井产液量低和原油品质差，造成开采成本非常高。如能通过采用投加少量降凝剂的方法来大幅度降低油井采出液的凝点，实现常温集油，则可大大简化现有集油流程，使得这些低渗透油田的开采成本得到显著降低。为此研制了一种适用于大庆外围低渗透油田的乳液型防蜡降凝剂DODP—2，生产中将其稀释后注入到油井油套环形空间，能起到防蜡和降凝作用。室内试验数据表明，每吨油中加入DODP—2（活性物含量20％质量）250g，可降低油井采出液凝点15℃，防蜡率可达52．8％。     

Effect of surfactants and their blend with silica nanoparticles on wax deposition in a Malaysian crude oil

The present study investigated the wax deposition tendencies of a light Malaysian crude oil(42.4° API), and the wax inhibiting potential of some surfactants and their blends with nanoparticles. With the knowledge that the majority of the wax inhibition research revolved around polymeric wax inhibitors, which cause environmental issues, we highlighted the potential of surfactants and their blend with SiO_2 nanoparticles as wax deposition inhibitors. Different surfactants including oil-based, silane-based, Gemini and bio-surfactants were considered as primary surfactants. The primary surfactants and their respective blends at a concentration of 400 ppm were screened as wax inhibitor candidates using cold finger apparatus. The screening results showed a significant influence on the paraffin inhibition efficiency on wax deposition by using 400 ppm of silane-based surfactant, which decreased the wax deposition up to 53.9% as compared to that of the untreated crude oil. The inhibition efficiency among the silane-based surfactant(highest) and bio-surfactant(lowest)revealed an appreciable difference up to 36.5%. Furthermore, the wax from the treated sample was found to deposit in a thin gel-like form, which adhered inadequately to the surface of the cold finger. A further investigation by blending the 400 ppm silane-based surfactant with a 400 ppm SiO_2 nanoparticle suspension in a load ratio of 3:1 found that the wax inhibition decreased up to 81% as compared to the scenario when they were not added. However, we have shown that the synergy between the silane-based surfactant and the nanoparticles is influenced by the concentration and load ratio of surfactant and nanoparticles, residence time, differential temperature and rotation rate.     

防蜡率复合测定法在防蜡剂研究中的应用

防蜡率测定方法执行的标准是SY/T6300-2009,主要用于防蜡剂产品防蜡率的分析,分析时间一般为5h左右,对于防蜡剂产品研发和产品筛选来讲,分析周期长,影响工作效率.采用快速准确的防蜡率组合测定法,应用于防蜡剂产品配方的筛选、以及与其配伍的油样筛查,满足防蜡剂产品研发过程中评价快速、准确的检测需求,为防蜡剂的研究、...     

石蜡微乳液影响因素的考察

石蜡微乳液是由58#石蜡、离子和非离子表面活性剂制备而成。影响石蜡微乳液粒径的因素有乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度、pH值和助表面活性剂。实验结果表明：乳化温度在75-85℃时对石蜡微乳液的粒径影响不大;而其它因素对石蜡微乳液的粒径影响较大。制备石蜡微乳液的最佳工艺条件为：w（乳化剂）=6%,乳化温度为80℃,乳化时间为40min,pH为8,搅拌速度约600r/min,助表面活性剂为正戊醇。在此条件下,可以制备粒径为97nm、半透明的石蜡微乳液。     

STUDY ON THE MICROEMULSION BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDIZED PARAFFIN WAX

The interfacial tension between paraffin wax and water, as well as oxidized paraffin wax and water has been studied and the results showed that the interfacial tension between oxidized paraffin wax and water decreased obviously after paraffin wax was oxidized to proper degree. Meanwhile the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the oxidized paraffin wax/surfactants/water system has been determined. It was confirmed that using a single surfactant A or cosurfactant B couldn't prepare oxidized paraffin wax microemulsion and the cosurfactant A/surfactant B mass ratio k_m has a proper range and an optimized value to produce the oxidized paraffin wax microemulsion, moreover, the microemulsion particle distribution was analyzed.