碱激发工业渣体混凝土的研究

碱激发渣体作为胶结材配制环境降负混凝土是一种有效利用各类渣体的好途径。该文试验就几种渣体进行了碱激发的研究。在溶渣比为0．46，胶凝材料（各种渣体的复合）为400kg／m^3，且不采取任何特殊措施的情况下。配制出28d抗压强度大干70MPa的碱激发渣体混凝土。并对此混凝土的耐酸性能进行了研究，结果表明，锂渣能提高碱激发矿渣-粉煤灰混凝土的耐酸性能。     

Geo-engineering properties and settlement of peaty soils at an industrial site (Turkey)

Peats consist of the partly decomposed remains of vegetation, which have accumulated in waterlogged areas. They are often unsuitable for supporting structures of any kind due to their high water content, high compressibility, low shear strength and high degree of spatial variability. The paper reports a preliminary study on peats from industrial sites in the city of Kayseri, Turkey. The soils in the study area are classified as peat to muck. The peats are fibrous at shallow depth and become amorphous as they extend to some 8 m depth. The ranges of geo-engineering properties are generally consistent with those reported in the literature, with some variation due to their higher mineral soil contents. The behavior of the peats is essentially frictional, with high friction and relatively small cohesion. The direct shear tests yielded higher shear strengths than those from the triaxial tests, due to the fact that the peat specimens used in the direct shear tests were rich in fibers and mineral soils. Back analysis of the settlement of heavy rolls of metal wires laid on the peat generally confirmed the consolidation properties of the soil determined in laboratory.     

地铁隧道穿越砂-黏地层沉降控制技术研究

依托广州地铁区间隧道下穿条形浅基础密集民居建筑群工程,通过渣土改良试验,明确各改良参数对渣土力学性能的改良效果及其合理范围。利用FLAC3D软件模拟盾构穿越松散富水砾砂、粉质黏土和风化花岗岩复合地层的施工过程,探究可有效控制地层沉降变形的盾构施工参数范围。研究表明:基于室内渣土改良试验用发泡剂浓度为3%的泡沫剂进行渣土改良,控制渣土含水率在16.95%、20.95%左右,泡沫剂掺入比分别为21%~46%、71%~92%,可将渣土塌落度、渗透性等力学性能改良至理想状态;根据盾构实况,应调整土仓压力大于原应力平衡体系静水土仓压力;通过增大注浆压力,最大化密实地层空隙与盾尾脱空间隔,提高加固层弹性模量,控制地层不均匀沉降;对比分析试验段、下穿段和危害建筑物的沉降监测数据,施工过程中采取渣土改良措施与设定优化的盾构参数,可将地层与危害建筑物的变形控制在规定的安全范围内。为类似盾构隧道提供技术指导。     

吹填淤泥的工程地质特性研究

本文从吹填淤泥的沉积特征、物质组成、孔隙特征、微观结构、渗透特征、固结特征及物理力学性质等方面对吹填淤泥的工程地质特征进行了系统的研究,为吹填淤泥造陆及其软基处理技术的发展奠定了基础。     

复杂地层中盾构法隧道渣土改良技术

盾构法施工中常采用一些辅助工法,由于地层与出渣方式的不同,通常会导致加泥加泡沫材料不能适应各种情况,出现切削渣土流动性不足、排土运输困难等问题,为了解决这个问题,结合广州地质复杂多变的特点,开发出了高分子聚合物,并在广州地铁盾构法隧道施工中的得到了成功.通过高分子聚合物对渣土进行改良,使盾构法能够适应广州地区复杂地层的施工.降低施工了成本,取得明显的经济效益.     

碱激发矿渣固化土压平衡盾构渣土的试验研究

利用碱激发高炉矿渣对土压平衡盾构渣土进行固化,考察了矿渣掺量、液固比、碱激发剂、成型压力、养护温度等因素对固化土力学性能的影响,分析了固化反应的主要产物及固化土的微观结构,研究了固化土的抗酸抗盐侵蚀能力。结果表明：碱激发高炉矿渣对土压平衡盾构渣土具有较好的固化能力,在配比范围内,随着高炉矿渣掺量的增加,固化渣土抗压强度和表观密度增大;固化渣土强度的主要来源是碱激发高炉矿渣生成的C-S-H和C-A-S-H;氢氧化钠和水玻璃的复合激发相对于单一激发固化效果更好,液固比、成型压力和养护温度对于固化渣土的抗压强度有一定影响;硫酸钠对所制备的固化渣土的侵蚀作用较小,而硫酸和盐酸的侵蚀作用相对较大。     

剪切应变速率对淤泥土力学性状影响试验研究

为研究剪切应变速率对高含水量淤泥土力学性状的影响,运用SPAX-2000真三轴测试系统进行了不同周围压力和不同应变速率的固结不排水剪切试验,分析了淤泥土不排水抗剪强度和孔隙水压力随应变速率的变化规律。试验结果表明,高含水量淤泥具有“应变速率软化”现象。在剪切过程中(应变速率为10^-6/s～10^-2/s),淤泥土不排水抗剪强度随剪切应变速率增长而增长,符合指数变化规律;根据试验数据,建立了经验方程式,并求得其应变速率参数η_e1为0.130 5,η_e2为0.131 9;当变率增长10倍时,淤泥土的不排水抗剪强度增长率为13.12%。不同于强结构性黏土,淤泥土的强度随剪切应变速率呈渐进性变化,未出现明显临界速率转折点。在加载初期,孔隙水压力增长和最大孔隙水压力受应变速率影响较明显;在试验过程中,孔隙水压力变化具有一定波动性和滞后性。     

高压旋喷桩在含承压水砂质粉土和粉砂土加固中的应用研究

目前国内外旋喷桩施工经验较少，尤其是超深旋喷桩在施工中易受到诸如地层物理性质、力学性质、埋深、地下障碍物、施工参数等多种因素的影响。本文就采用高压旋喷法对含承压水砂质粉土和粉砂土加固。时参数的合理确定进行了三种工法的对比研究，并评价了相关工法的加固效果。     

In situ TBM penetration tests and rock mass boreability analysis in hard rock tunnels

Boreability is popularly adopted to express the ease or difficulty with which a rock mass can be penetrated by a tunnel boring machine. Because the boreability is related to the rock mass properties, TBM specifications and TBM operation parameters, an accurately definable quantity has not been obtained so far. In order to analyze and compare rock mass boreability, a series of TBM shield friction tests were conducted in a TBM tunneling site. Two sets of TBM penetration tests were performed in different rock mass conditions during tunneling in rock. In each step of the penetration test, the rock muck was collected to perform the muck sieve analyses and the shape of large chips was surveyed in order to analyze the TBM chipping efficiency under different cutter thrusts. The results showed that a critical point exists in the penetration curves. The penetration per revolution increases rapidly with increasing thrust per cutter when it is higher than the critical value. The muck sieve analysis results verified that with increasing thrust force, the muck size increases and the rock breakage efficiency also increases. When the thrust is greater than the critical value, the muck becomes well-graded. The muck shape analysis results also showed with the increase of the thrust, the chip shape changes from flat to elongated and flat. The boreability index at the critical point of penetration of 1 mm/rev. defined as the specific rock mass boreability index is proposed to evaluate rock mass boreability.     

改性矿渣水泥-渣土免烧砖的制备与性能表征

以改性矿渣水泥为渣土固化的胶凝材料制备了性能稳定的免烧渣土砖,研究了改性矿渣水泥与渣土的质量比(胶渣比)对免烧渣土砖抗压强度、吸水率、软化系数、冻融循环稳定性、干湿循环稳定性的影响,分析了免烧渣土砖的固化机制。结果表明:胶渣比为1∶4时所制备的免烧渣土砖抗压强度和软化系数最高,分别为15.81 MPa和0.80;吸水率和15次干湿循环后的质量损失率最小,分别为8.12%和0.61%。XRD和SEM分析显示,改性矿渣水泥和水掺入渣土后(经过均匀混合和高压成型),反应物的水化速度加快,使渣土材料快速硬化,获得较高的早期强度。     

侏罗系地层冻结岩石物理力学性能试验研究

我国内蒙地区矿井建设普遍采用冻结法凿井,井筒均需穿越侏罗系地层,但该地层物理力学性能较华东地区第三系地层差异较大,目前对侏罗系地层物理力学特性研究不够,急需在实验室内开展该方面研究。通过对某在建矿井侏罗系地层岩石进行物理力学性能试验,掌握鄂尔多斯矿区侏罗系地层基本物理性能指标,以及低温条件下力学特性,为该地区冻结井筒冻结设计提供依据。     

Aging of membranes prepared from PVA and cellulose nanocrystals by use of thermal compression

Novel membranes consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), nanosilica (NS), glutaraldehyde (GLA) and glycerine (G) were prepared using a compression moulding process. Rice husk is selected to isolate pure cellulose nanocrystals via mechanical and chemical treatment. The biodegradability of the membranes has been evaluated using UV accelerated weathering as well as a soil burial test. The chemical structure of the membranes were characterised by Fourier-Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The microstructure of the membranes was characterised by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of the membranes were evaluated using standard techniques. The swelling and weight loss resulting from biodegradation were also evaluated. The results showed that the developed membranes can be used as food packaging bags owing to biodegradability (weight loss) under irradiation and during soil burial. The membranes are environmentally friendly.     

泥水盾构泥浆输送渣土冲蚀磨损力学性能的研究

为探究泥水盾构泥浆输送渣土时对弯管的冲蚀磨损规律,基于计算流体力学方法,利用FLUENT软件对泥浆弯管输送含粗渣土(≥20mm)泥浆的冲蚀磨损过程进行模拟仿真,采用单因素方法分析了泥浆流速、泥浆黏度和渣土体积分数3种因素对弯管冲蚀磨损的影响规律。通过室内试验对泥浆磨损性能进行探究并验证模拟仿真的正确性。研究表明：泥浆流速对弯管的磨损率和磨损位置均影响显著,并且与磨损率呈正相关;渣土体积分数主要影响磨损率;泥浆黏度对弯管磨损状况影响不大;主要磨损区域均集中在弯管30°附近。     

天津滨海新区粘性土物理力学性质指标相关性

在岩土工程中,土性参数的选取至关重要。笔者对天津临港地区多个钻孔取样所得土工试验数据的统计规律做了深入分析,并结合传统的回归分析方法客观、详细地研究了滨海新区粘性土物性指标之间及其与力学指标间的相关关系,给出了指标之间的经验关系式,并给出相关系数用于评价相关程度。结果表明,物性指标之间相关性都较好,相关系数可达到0.94以上;物性指标与变形指标之间的相关性分析结果表明,孔隙比、含水率、密度等指标与变形指标的相关性都较好,相比之下含水率与变形指标间的相关性最好,相关系数在0.93以上;物性指标与不同试验方法得到的强度指标之间的相关性分析结果表明,孔隙比、含水率、密度等物性指标与强度指标之间的相关关系较好,相关系数在0.81~0.94之间;文中成果可为该地区资料欠缺的工程提供参考。     

Tunnel spoil classification and applicability of lime addition in weak formations for muck reuse

Tunnel construction planning requires careful consideration of the spoil management part, as this involves environmental, economic and legal requirements. In this paper a methodological approach that considers the interaction between technical and geological factors in determining the features of the resulting muck is proposed. This gives indications about the required treatments as well as laboratory and field characterisation tests to be performed to assess muck recovery alternatives. While this reuse is an opportunity for excavations in good quality homogeneous grounds (e.g. granitic mass), it is critical for complex formation. This approach has been validated, at present, for three different geo-materials resulting from a tunnel excavation carried out with a large diameter Earth Pressure Balance Shield (EPB) through a complex geological succession. Physical parameters and technological features of the three materials have been assessed, according to their valorisation potential, for defining re-utilisation patterns. The methodology proved to be effective and the laboratory tests carried out on the three materials allowed the suitability and treatment effectiveness for each muck recovery strategy to be defined.     

Effect of aggregate type on properties of hardened self-consolidating lightweight concrete (SCLC)

In this study, the effects of aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened self-consolidating concrete produced with lightweight aggregate (SCLC) were investigated. In experiments, three coarse lightweight aggregate (LWA) types, pumice, volcanic tuff and diatomite, and normal limestone aggregate were used. Different combinations of water to binder ratio and superplasticizer dosage levels were prepared for the SCLC mixtures. The total powder content (cement and mineral additives) was constant in the experiments. Physical properties such as thermal conductivity, dry unit weight, porosity and capillarity; mechanical properties such as compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance were determined in hardened condition. The results, in general, showed that SCLC with LWA in lower unit weight has lower mechanical and physical properties except for thermal properties when compared to properties of SCC.     

The effect of mineralogy, texture and mechanical properties of anti-skid and asphalt aggregates on urban dust

In northern latitudes mineral dust is formed when cars use studded tyres and roads are sanded to obtain more traction on the icy surfaces. Anti-skid and asphalt aggregates with different textural, mineralogical and mechanical properties were tested with an indoor road simulator fitted with studded and friction tyres. The particle size distribution and proportions of dust from pavement and anti-skid aggregate were analyzed using SEM-EDX. The wear on the road pavement depends on the properties of the anti-skid and asphalt aggregate (particle size distribution, mechanical/physical and textural properties). Anti-skid aggregates, which contain mainly hard minerals (e.g. feldspars and quartz) and which have a low resistance to fragmentation, should be used with caution as they may break more easily into smaller particles and are likely to wear the pavement. By using high-quality anti-skid aggregates it is possible to reduce the amount of urban dust.     

The use of fine portions from construction and demolition waste for expansive soil stabilization: A review

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) are the largest waste products in the world today and competes as a viable recycled additive material in place of natural aggregates. Due to the increase in compressive strength of different mix proportions of CDW, it is also considered for reuse in concrete and subbase construction. This study shows the effect of CDW in expansive soil stabilization. The chemical and mechanical properties of these materials have shown that they are capable of developing compressive strength properties for replacement of cement with significant reduction in carbon emission. The inherent compositional properties of recycled CDW compared in this review suggests that CDW have good filler properties in highly expansive soils. Mixtures of crushed brick and recycled aggregates characterised based on chemical properties of different replacement ratios suggests that CDW of good-quality aggregates reduces swell potential of expansive soils and increased mechanical strength in pavement construction.     

有机质对草炭土物理力学性质影响的机理分析

草炭土的有机质含量是决定其物理、力学性质的主要因素。通过对草炭土有机质含量和物理力学指标相关特征的研究,对草炭土的压缩、强度特性在不同有机质含量下产生的力学效应机理进行了分析。结果表明：由于有机质疏松的海绵结构及胶结作用在草炭土团聚体中的主导作用,使有机质对草炭土物理力学的相关指标和力学效应均有明显的控制作用。有机质含量的增加使草炭土的压缩性增大,固结系数降低,渗透性下降,对主固结产生很大影响,同时也使有机质中腐殖质的胶结作用相应增强,从而使黏聚力相应增加。上述特性的研究,对于草炭土地区地基处理方案的选择有指导意义,同时为深入研究草炭土的结构特性奠定了基础。