ZnO纳米棒的制备及其气敏性研究现状

ZnO是一种多功能金属氧化物半导体材料,由于ZnO纳米棒尺寸小,比表面积大,使得ZnO纳米棒制作成气体传感器,可以提高气敏传感器的灵敏度和响应速度,降低工作温度.综述了近年来ZnO纳米棒的制备方法,展望了其在气敏性方面的应用前景.     

离子液体中微波辅助制备ZnO纳米棒及光学性能研究

在离子液体1-丁基-3甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[BMIM][PF6]水溶液中通过微波加热10min制备出ZnO纳米棒。用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、紫外分光光度计和荧光分光光度计对其形貌、结构和性能进行了表征。研究表明,产物结晶性良好,产率高,大小均匀,平均直径为20nm,长度为400～500nm。通过对ZnO纳米棒形成机理和实验条件进行系统探讨,提出了三步反应机理,同时发现离子液体对产物的形貌起着关键作用。该方法简便、快速、环保,可推广运用于其它一维纳米功能材料的制备。     

Cu2+掺杂ZnO纳米棒的制备及气敏性能研究

通过溶剂热法(无水乙醇)制备了Cu2+(0～6mol%)掺杂ZnO纳米棒粉体,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对掺杂ZnO纳米粉体的晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征.研究了Cu2+掺杂比例、溶剂热反应温度及时间对材料气敏性能的影响;考察ZnO(120℃,10h)和3mol%Cu2+掺杂ZnO(120℃,10h)粉体对应元件对甲醛、乙酸、甲苯、乙醇、丙酮、三甲胺等六种气体的气敏性能.结果表明:通过溶剂热法制备的ZnO粉体为纳米棒状结构,棒长度和直径随Cu2+掺杂比例不同发生变化;3mol%Cu2+掺杂ZnO(120℃,10h)样品对应元件对低浓度乙醇有很好的选择性,在395℃工作温度下对1×10–3乙醇的灵敏度为380.5,响应和脱附时间分别为5 s和40 s,对1×10–6乙醇的灵敏度可达4.2.     

ZnO纳米棒的微波合成及Pt掺杂对其气敏性能的改善

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,CTAB为表面活性剂,微波加热到90℃,反应30min,成功制备了ZnO纳米棒.X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,产物是六方纤锌矿结构ZnO纳米棒,长度为1～5μm,直径为50～100nm左右.对ZnO纳米棒进行了Pt掺杂,并对掺杂前后的气敏性能进行了对比...     

ZnO纳米棒的制备与气敏性能的研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,CTAB为表面活性剂,通过微波辅助液相反应过程在低温下成功地制备了ZnO纳米棒.X射线衍射谱和扫描电镜结果表明,产物是六方纤锌矿结构ZnO纳米棒,长度为5～30μm,直径为0.1～1μm.气敏性能测试表明,所制备的ZnO纳米棒对H2S气体具有较好的选择性,但灵敏度不高.对ZnO纳米棒进行In掺杂后,对H2S气体的灵敏度和选择性大幅提高,在工作温度为332℃时,对体积分数为50X10-5的H2S灵敏度为29.217,说明In掺杂的ZnO纳米棒是有潜力的探测H2S气体的气敏传感器材料.     

纳米ZnO的固相合成及其气敏特性

以草酸为原料,与醋酸锌进行固相反应制得前驱化合物,进而热分解得到气敏材料氧化锌。将稀土元素中的镧和钕的氧化物以固相及液相两种合成方法添加到ＺｎＯ气敏材料中,并对材料的粒径、气敏性质进行了测定和表征．实验结果表明,用这种方法制备的氧化锌在低的工作温度下对乙醇气体的灵敏度较高,而且选择性较好,具有一定的应用前景．     

微波辅助法合成纳米CeO2/ZnO光催化剂及其光催化性能研究

采用微波辅助共沉淀法制备了纳米CeO_2/ZnO光催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪以及紫外-可见吸收光谱仪对催化剂样品进行结构表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物对催化剂样品进行光催化降解实验。结果表明:合成的纳米CeO_2/ZnO光催化剂由立方相的CeO_2及六方相ZnO组成,且CeO_2与ZnO较好地复合在一起;该催化剂在紫外区域吸收性能良好。光催化降解RhB实验表明,在质量浓度0.2g/L、pH=8条件下,催化剂光催化性能最佳。     

水热法一步合成氧化锌纳米棒及其场发射特性的研究

利用极其简单的方法,即将氯化锌溶液和氨水按一定配比混合进行水浴加热制备了ZnO纳米棒,其直径约为100nm.利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对其结构和成分进行了分析.场发射测试结果表明,所制备的ZnO纳米棒有较低的开启场和阈值场,分别为2.7V/μm和4.95V/μm,其场增强因子为5390.这样高的场增强因子来源于氧化锌参差的层状结构.     

ZnO单晶纳米棒阵列的水热法合成及光催化性能

采用水热法在各种衬底上低温、一步合成出一维有序ZnO单晶纳米棒阵列。以透明导电玻璃(ITO)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)以及铜作为衬底时,必须预先沉积一层ZnO薄膜作为形核层才能获得ZnO纳米棒阵列。然而,以黄铜作为衬底时,无需形核层也能获得纳米棒阵列。采用SEM、XRD、紫外吸收光谱等方法对纳米棒的结构以及形貌等进行了表征。此外还发现ZnO纳米棒阵列具有很好的紫外光催化活性,3h内对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到53%。尽管修饰CdSe层有助于提高ZnO纳米棒阵列在可见光波段的吸收,但其紫外光催化活性反而降低。并具体讨论了ZnO纳米棒阵列的合成与光催化性能。     

ZnO纳米棒水热法制备及其发光性能

采用水热法在玻璃基底上成功制备出了ZnO纳米棒.用x射线衍射仪(xRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ZnO纳米棒的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征,初步探讨了ZnO纳米棒的生长机理;同时对ZnO纳米棒的光致发光性能进行测量,分析了水热温度和反应时间对ZnO纳米棒光致发光性能的影响.结果表明:ZnO纳米棒呈现六方纤锌矿结构,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长特征;随着水热反应温度的升高,ZnO纳米棒的发光强度逐渐增强;随着反应时间的延长,ZnO纳米棒发光强度在1～3 h内增强,而在3～10 h反而减弱.     

从无序到有序ZnO纳米棒的制备

采用3种不同的方法在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上沉积一层ZnO纳米晶薄膜,然后采用改进的水热法在制备有ZnO纳米晶薄膜的衬底上生长ZnO纳米棒,实现了纳米棒从无序到有序的生长.从XRD和SEM图可得,有序的纳米棒沿(002)择优取向,基本与衬底垂直,平均直径约为40nm.     

One-step polyoxometalate-assisted solvothermal synthesis of ZnO microspheres and their photoluminescence properties

With the assistance of Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) H₃PW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O (PW₁₂), ZnO microspheres have successfully been synthesized by a direct route, using zinc acetate dihydrate solid and dilute PW₁₂ absolute ethanol solution at 120 °C for 24 h. The effects of PW₁₂ concentration and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that PW₁₂ played a vital role for the formation of the ZnO microspheres during the solvothermal treatment and the original framework of PW₁₂ was not destroyed after the solvothermal treatment. Finally, the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the ZnO microspheres exhibited a sharp and strong ultraviolet (UV) emission at 390 nm and a quite weak visible emission at around 520 nm, respectively.     

Low temperature aqueous chemical synthesis of CdS sensitized ZnO nanorods

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CNPs) sensitized zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZNRs) were synthesized in the two step deposition process at relatively low temperature. The vertically aligned ZNRs were grown on the conducting glass substrates (FTO) using aqueous chemical method, followed by the deposition of CNPs at 70 °C using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The samples were characterized by optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Further, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of ZNRs with and without CNPs sensitization was tested in Na₂S-NaOH-S and Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, respectively. When the CNPs are coated on the ZNRs, the optical absorption is enhanced and band edge is shifted towards visible region (525 nm) as compared with ZNRs (375 nm). The sample sensitized with CNPs shows higher photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance with maximum short circuit current of (I_sc) 2.60 mA/cm².     

A new approach for synthesis of ZnO nanorod flowerets and subsequent pure free-standing ZnO nanorods

Present work reports the synthesis of ZnO flowerets consisting of nanorod petals of ZnO having a mean aspect ratio ～9, supported on micron sized Ni-enriched particles of size in the range of ～1–4?μm and also free-standing pure ZnO nanorods from mechanically alloyed Ni-Zn powder particles via selective leaching in NaOH solution. Optimization of the composition of the initial alloy powder, the concentration of NaOH and time of exposure in the solution was carried out to get to the ZnO flowerets with an increment in the surface area of the order of 400%. The mechanism and reaction chemistry of ZnO nanorods formation and growth were explained based on the evidence of various characterization techniques including inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and electrochemical measurements. Free-standing pure ZnO nanorods were also synthesized by ultrasonically breaking the rod petals of ZnO from the base of the flowerets. Free-standing ZnO nanorods have a mean aspect ratio of 8.5?±?4, where the length and average diameter are ～356?±?64?nm and 42?±?16?nm, respectively, and the specific surface area of 12.5?m²?g^?1 with an increment of ～650% as compared to the mechanically alloyed powder particle.     

纳米ZnO低温脱除H2S工艺条件的研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO,以其作为低温脱除H2S的活性组分,考察了纳米ZnO粒径、空速、反应温度、氧分压等因素对纳米ZnO脱硫性能的影响,并对脱硫剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明:在常压、低温、氧分压较低的条件下,粒径越小脱硫性能越强,260℃焙烧制得的纳米ZnO脱硫剂具有高的脱硫活性,H2S可选择性地被氧化为单质S,转化率高达100%,脱硫活性时间是分析纯ZnO的40倍.尾气中未见SO2产生.     

Facile synthesis and wide-band electromagnetic wave absorption properties of carbon-coated ZnO nanorods

In this work, a facile and scalable acetylene decomposition method was employed to synthesize carbon-coated ZnO (ZnO@C) nanorods. The characterization of morphology and structure analysis demonstrate that ZnO nanorod was well coated by an amorphous carbon shell with a thickness of about 20 nm. Comparted with ZnO, ZnO@C exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties. The effective absorption bandwidth with RL values exceeding –10 dB can reach 5.3 GHz for ZnO@C with a matching thickness of 2.5 mm. The excellent microwave absorption arose from enhanced dielectric loss caused by interfacial polarization, dipole polarization and the formation of conductive network.     

联柱状ZnO微晶的微波合成及其光催化活性

以醋酸锌和六次甲基四胺为起始原料,表面活性剂CTAB和SDS为形貌控制剂,采用微波法合成了联柱状ZnO微晶,借助XRD、XPS、FT-IR、FT-Ra-man、TEM、SEM和UV-vis等测试技术对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了样品的光催化活性.结果表明,所得样品均为六方纤锌矿ZnO;同时添加两种表面活性剂CTAB和SDS时所获样品形貌最佳,为六棱柱对接而成的联柱状结构,其在200～420nm波长范围内对光有较强吸收,对卷烟厂蒸叶车间废水的光降解表现出较高的催化活性,自然光照5h,废水COD去除率为84.7%;另外,对联柱状ZnO微晶的形成机理进行了初步探讨.     

Direct synthesis of well dispersed ZnO nanorods without using additional surfactant

Without using additional surfactant as structure-directing agent, well dispersed ZnO nanorods were directly synthesized in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and alcohol mixture solution by a one-step wet chemical method. The experiment results demonstrated that alcohol molecular with longer chain is helpful for the growth of ZnO nanorods. The absorption and emission spectra of as-synthesized ZnO nanorods were also presented in this paper.