基于用户视觉能力的交互设备筛选方法

普适计算为智能环境通过多个交互设备向用户提供信息服务奠定了基础,但如何选择恰当的设备向用户提供服务仍是一项待解决的问题。论文基于用户视觉交互能力参数筛选出最优的交互设备提供服务。根据用户的视野范围和面部朝向,结合所在位置,计算显示设备相对于用户的双向可达性;根据用户的视力水平,结合显示界面字符大小,计算显示设备所显示信息对用户的可读性;综合以上两方面信息计算设备推荐率。利用具有不同视觉能力的用户对论文所提出方法进行了验证,实验结果表明所提出方法能选择出最与用户交互能力匹配的交互设备。     

移动情境感知及其交互研究

结合情境信息的移动应用和交互研究是普适计算领域中非常重要的内容.综合移动情境感知相关研究的发展,从人机交互研究的角度,提出了基于用户、环境和任务的情境信息分类方法.根据情境信息的数据获取、数据表示、系统架构、数据处理、服务应用和系统评价等六个方面,分析了移动情境感知应用研究的关键问题,总结了移动情境感知对人机交互研究中的研究方法、数据收集、用户控制感及交互方式等产生的影响.最后提出了当前移动情境感知及其交互研究中存在的问题和可能的研究方向.     

智能家居情境感知服务的运行时建模与执行方法

随着智能家居基础设施的不断发展,智能家居逐渐进入以智能服务为特征的新时期.大量复杂、异构的智能设备相互协同,构成海量、智能、集成的智能家居应用.其中,情境感知服务根据服务对象所处情境的变化为其提供准确的服务,是智能家居应用的典型代表.目前,情境感知服务往往面向场景进行构建,其设备多样性和服务随需性给应用开发带来极大的挑战.开发者需要熟悉设备管理接口、进行接口调用和交互,同时,理解服务功能和质量需求,进行管理逻辑的编写.为了快速定制和开发情境感知服务,将知识图谱引入开发过程,提出一种智能家居情境感知服务的运行时建模与执行方法：首先,提出智能家居情境感知服务知识图谱概念模型,定义其情境中各种概念和关系;其次,提出智能家居情境感知服务知识图谱实例模型的构造与维护机制,通过运行时概念、关系实例表示情境知识;最后,提出基于知识推理的智能家居情境感知服务执行方法,通过知识推理自动执行设备功能.面向实际场景,构建智能家居原型系统.实验结果显示,该方法能够实现情境感知服务运行时建模与执行,其代码减少量超过90%.     

一种面向情境的情境感知应用编程框架

随着信息技术的快速发展,各种各样的环境信息影响着我们生活中的各种决策,因此提供一种智能化的应用程序,能够根据用户当前的情境信息为用户提供所需要的最适合的服务变得越来越重要。许多遗产软件并不支持情境感知功能,目前的一些主要的编程语言和编程框架并没有提供一个很好的方式来支持这种情境感知应用程序的开发。提出了一个新的面向情境的编程框架,支持情境信息的定义、封装、发布,支持对应用行为的驱动和约束,允许应用快速响应非预期情境。通过该框架可以快速开发情境感知应用,也可以以非侵入的方式改造遗产软件,使之具有情境感知能力。     

移动终端智能引擎平台研究

随着移动终端的不断发展与普及,它已经变成了一个交流、传感的设备。普通市民只需要通过移动设备就可以从周围的环境中获取海量信息以及分享自己的信息。文中研究了群智感知原理,结合普适环境下情境信息的特点,提出了移动终端智能引擎平台。该平台通过接口能实时、有效地获取、处理用户的感知数据,还原用户情境,获取用户需求,并把用户需求和处理好的数据供第三方应用使用,第三方应用通过平台提供的接口提供应用服务。实验证明,该平台能够有效地获取用户情境信息,提供给第三方应用。     

基于PDA的上海市交通信息网格发布平台

提出了一种网格环境下基于PDA的交通信息发布系统。该系统以强大的交通信息网格为支撑，在PDA嵌入式平台上为用户提供交通信息，尤其是动态信息的获取、可视化、分析、输出等服务。该系统为PDA用户提供基于网络技术的实时交通路况、动态路径决策等传统导航设备所缺乏的实时动态信息。从系统总体架构、实现的关键技术、与后台网格的交互过程等多方面介绍了该移动导航系统的设计与实现。     

基于情景感知的制造组合服务自适应决策机制

针对组合服务面临复杂、动态的业务需求和运行环境,提出基于情景感知的自适应决策机制,保证制造过程的顺利执行,为用户持续稳定地提供高质量服务.从智能制造单元个体视角,构建制造组合服务自适应调整系统架构.根据多变的应用场景,充分考虑决策主体状态和情境因素对服务调整活动的影响,设计情景感知、主体-情景-活动(Subject-situation-action,SSA)2种自适应决策机制,并通过多Agent技术搭建实验环境,应用关联规则方法挖掘决策知识.通过汽车制造云服务实例与现有事件驱动机制对比,验证所提出的2类机制在不同场景下的效果,并从决策准确率、时间和服务QoS两方面证明情景感知、SSA机制的优势和可行性.     

支持上下文感知应用程序的动态自适应中间件框架

上下文感知计算是当前开发和部署智能应用不可或缺的关键技术之一。上下文能否在计算中真正发挥其作用,主要取决于两方面：一是如何连续稳定地从动态交互环境中获取高质量上下文,二是如何推理上下文并制定适应决策。为了实现上述目标,设计了一个分层的中间件框架,该中间件能够根据上下文质量参数,动态地选择能提供高质量上下文的信息源,并对这些原始上下文进行预处理和推理,进而自动地制定适应决策为用户提供合适的服务。实验测试了平台的性能,并与同类系统进行了比较,结果表明该中间件能够快速有效地支持上下文感知应用的开发部署,并且在计算性能方面有显著提高。     

煤矿信息全面感知与智慧决策系统

针对目前煤矿安全生产过程中存在煤矿信息感知能力差、决策水平低的问题,提出了一种煤矿信息全面感知与智慧决策系统。该系统由胶囊网络层、数据传输层和云服务层组成:胶囊网络层由人员位置与行为感知胶囊、设备状态感知胶囊、环境感知胶囊构成,实现煤矿"人、机、环"全面感知;数据传输层采用无线传感器网络与有线网络结合的方法来实现煤矿井下数据可靠传输;云服务层通过基于随机森林的智慧决策机制为煤矿生产高效、可靠决策提供了保障。实验结果验证了该系统的有效性。     

融合改进强化学习的认知无线电抗干扰决策算法

针对认知无线电环境中认知用户易受到干扰的问题,研究了具有跳频功能的认知用户与智能感知功能的干扰器之间的相互作用。为了充分利用无线电频谱资源,在综合考虑信道选择和功率分配的基础上,设计了以认知用户的频谱能效性能为参考标准的效用函数,并将改进强化学习算法融入认知学习决策引擎中。决策算法通过将认知环境与决策引擎的交互建模为强化学习中环境与智能体的交互,探索最大的动作奖励反馈给认知决策引擎,在交互过程中得到自适应的优化策略选择。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能够较快速地收敛,选择的策略能够有效地优化认知用户在干扰情况下的性能,比随机策略的性能提高50%以上。     

基于网络的Context Aware智能控制系统

提出一种基于网络的Context Aware智能控制系统的体系结构、Context任务控制管理模型。系统将机器人作为Context Aware智能系统的智能接口。通过对Java JINI的服务查找机制进行修改,增强了JINI的服务查找、分发机制,使得系统可以通过综合分析服务提供者当前状态、服务申请者的状态、系统当前的性能以及Context感知信息,经模糊决策,通过”Pull”方式,或“Push”方式给服务申请者(或第三方用户)提供所需的服务。最后对系统性能进行分析。一个应用实例说明Context Aware智能控制系统的应用。     

A prediction and auto-execution system of smartphone application services based on user context-awareness

Smartphones have emerged as suitable environments for user context-awareness and intelligent service provision due to the high penetration rate, the high usability, various embedded sensors, and so on. In particular, its most unique characteristic is the usage of various applications. However, the most of existing studies through the three steps process (log collection, context inference, and service provision) did not consider smartphone applications (Apps) as the target service. Smartphone users still have to use Apps with manual controls by own decision. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a system to predict smartphone applications based on inferring user context. We define a mobile context model with a new level of context (Situation) and its inference method to perceive a user’s intention or purpose related to the App usage. Based on the Situation context, the system predicts Apps which can be useful and helpful for a user and automatically executes it on his/her smartphone. With the proposed system, it will be possible to autonomously provide and manage smartphone application services without users’ perception or intervention.     

UbiSrvInt – a context-aware fault-tolerant approach toward wireless P2P service provision

Peer-to-Peer applications harness sharing between free resources (storage, contents, services, human presence, etc.). Most existing wireless P2P applications concern merely the sharing of a variety of contents. For magnifying the sharing extent for wireless service provision in the vicinity (i.e., the wireless P2P environments), this paper presents the UbiSrvInt approach and this is the first attempt to enable a pure P2P solution that is context aware and fault tolerant for ad hoc wireless service provision. This approach empowers an autonomous peer to propel distributed problem solving (e.g., in the travel domain) through service sharing and execution in an intelligent P2P way. This approach of ad hoc wireless service provision is not only highly robust to failure (based on a specific clustering analysis of failure correlation among peers) but also capable of inferring a user’s service needs (through a BDI reasoning mechanism utilizing the surrounding context) in ad hoc wireless environments. We have implemented UbiSrvInt into a system platform with P-JXTA that shows fairly promising performance results on fault tolerance and context awareness.     

基于FDI的用户模型及其在上下文觉察计算中的应用

上下文觉察计算是普适计算的重要内容。当前的上下文觉察计算研究大多没有为用户提供个性化的服务。已有的个性化上下文觉察服务的用户模型,其用户偏好的设置比较简单。本文从心理学的观点出发,提出一个使用基于场依存一独立性（FDI）的用户模型来为用户提供个性化的上下文觉察服务。本文系统分析了这种用户模型对上下文觉察计算的重要性,并给出了使用基于FDI的用户模型在上下文觉察计算中的应用过程。试验表明这种模型提供的个性化服务能够提高上下文觉察计算应用的有效性。     

基于物联网的环境情景感知系统设计与实现

针对特殊商品的监管问题,介绍一种基于物联网技术的环境情景感知系统解决方案,叙述情景感知网关的开发过程。该网关硬件以嵌入式ARM处理器为核心,实现多信源感知以及环境情景信息的处理与传输。软件采用Linux操作系统,配合数字降噪、非线性补偿、参数映射等技术,获得高精度的感知数据。经应用证明,该系统不仅可完成分布式多信源环境情景的监测,还能通过对数据的深度挖掘,实现多种智能服务。     

COLLECT: COLLaborativE ConText-aware service oriented architecture for intelligent decision-making in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) has radically transformed the world; currently, every device can be connected to the Internet and provide valuable information for decision-making. In spite of the fast evolution of technologies accompanying the grow of IoT, we are still faced with the challenge of providing a service oriented architecture, which facilitates the inclusion of data coming together from several IoT devices, data delivery among a system's agents, real-time data processing and service provision to users. Furthermore, context-aware data processing and architectures still pose a challenge, in spite of being key requirements in order to get stronger IoT architectures. To face this challenge, we propose a COLLaborative ConText Aware Service Oriented Architecture (COLLECT), which facilitates both the integration of IoT heterogeneous domain context data — through the use of a light message broker — and easy data delivery among several agents and collaborative participants in the system — making use of an enterprise service bus —. In addition, this architecture provides real-time data processing thanks to the use of a complex event processing engine as well as services and intelligent decision-making procedures to users according to the needs of the domain in question. As a result, COLLECT has a great impact on context-aware decentralized and collaborative reasoning for IoT, promoting context-aware intelligent decision making in such scope. Since context-awareness is key for a wide range of recommender and intelligent systems, the presented novel solution improves decision making in a large number of fields where such systems require to promptly process a variety of ubiquitous collaborative and context-aware data.     

Modeling decisions under uncertainty in adaptive user interfaces

The present work proposes a methodological approach for modeling adaptation decisions and for solving the problem of integrating existing as well as acquired knowledge in the decision module of an adaptive interface. So far, most applications do not exploit in full the value of data originating from user models or knowledge acquisition engines that monitor the user and the context. The proposed decision theoretic model is represented through specifically structured influence diagrams. It provides to designers and developers a specific method to encode user and context information, as well as other crucial decision factors, to be subsequently used in the decision making process regarding user interface adaptation actions. Such a process is driven by the definition of relevant utilities referring to the design of a user interface. The proposed model guides designers and developers of an adaptive or intelligent interface to integrate, without conflicts and incoherence, design strategies, design goals, user goals, alternative constituents, user profile, context and application domain knowledge. An illustrative example of the analyzed modeling method is presented.

用户驱动的组合服务选择算法

用户需求准确获取和复杂不确定环境下的最优服务选择是服务组合研究中的难题.首先提出一个接近用户表达习惯的用户权重表达模型获取用户服务质量(QoS)权重,然后提出一种基于层次分析法(AHP)和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)的组合服务选择算法(CWSSA)以解决最优服务选择问题.该算法转换用户的QoS属性两两比较矩阵为用户权重,评估区间数表示的复杂不确定环境下的QoS信息.还介绍了一个QoS属性关系表示的用户权重模型和区间数描述的QoS模型及聚合算法.实验验证了该算法的优越性和有效性.     

On the Design and Prototype Implementation of a Multimodal Situation Aware System

In this paper we describe the design concepts and prototype implementation of a situation aware ubiquitous computing system using multiple modalities such as National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) data from global positioning system (GPS) receivers, text, speech, environmental audio, and handwriting inputs. While most mobile and communication devices know where and who they are, by accessing context information primarily in the form of location, time stamps, and user identity, the concept of sharing of this information in a reliable and intelligent fashion is crucial in many scenarios. A framework which takes the concept of context aware computing to the level of situation aware computing by intelligent information exchange between context aware devices is designed and implemented in this work. Four sensual modes of contextual information like text, speech, environmental audio, and handwriting are augmented to conventional contextual information sources like location from GPS, user identity based on IP addresses (IPA), and time stamps. Each device derives its context not necessarily using the same criteria or parameters but by employing selective fusion and fission of multiple modalities. The processing of each individual modality takes place at the client device followed by the summarization of context as a text file. Exchange of dynamic context information between devices is enabled in real time to create multimodal situation aware devices. A central repository of all user context profiles is also created to enable self-learning devices in the future. Based on the results of simulated situations and real field deployments it is shown that the use of multiple modalities like speech, environmental audio, and handwriting inputs along with conventional modalities can create devices with enhanced situational awareness.      

基于规则引擎的情境感知供应链采购决策研究

为解决供应链采购的动态决策问题,提出一种情境感知的供应链采购决策方法。给出情境感知服务的概念,设计一种情境感知服务系统架构,定义情境空间,利用基于键值对的模型对情境空间进行建模,采用基于规则的推理方法,通过Drools规则引擎进行规则定义和推理。分析结果表明,该方法可以实现高效率的情境感知供应链决策。