面向柔性工艺的作业车间调度问题混合遗传算法

针对离散制造业的许多产品采用柔性工艺设计增加作业计划调度的复杂性这一问题,对传统的FJSP进行了工序顺序柔性的扩展,将问题抽象为柔性工艺的作业车间调度问题（flexible process Job-Shop scheduling problem,FPJSP）。以缩短生产周期为目标,建立了该问题的整数规划模型,并设计了混合遗传算法。该算法针对FPJSP的特点设计了改进的遗传算法染色体编码方式和遗传算子,并结合变邻域搜索算法,设计了适合求解该问题的四种不同的邻域结构进行动态邻域搜索,以提高遗传算法的邻域搜索性能。通过应用实例验证了所提出的混合遗传算法在求解FPJSP的求解效率和优化性能方面的有效性。     

求解柔性作业车间调度问题的新型改进Jaya算法

为有效解决复杂的柔性作业车间调度问题,以最小化最大完成时间为目标,提出了一种结合了变邻域搜索算法的新型改进Jaya算法来求解。为不断挖掘和优化探索最优解,提高算法求解的结果质量,通过Jaya算法的原理重新提出一种解的更新机制,此外在Jaya算法原理的基础上嵌入一种变邻域搜索策略,并在传统邻域结构的基础上重新设计了两种新型邻域结构,扩大了邻域搜索范围,增强了Jaya算法的局部搜索能力,避免算法因失去解的多样性从而陷入局部最优。运用基准算例对该算法的求解性能进行了验证,并与其他算法的仿真结果进行对比,结果表明该改进算法的求解效率更高。     

不确定工时下多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的进化求解方法

在实际工业生产中,调度环境的复杂性与不确定性使得调度问题求解难度大大提高.针对加工时间不确定的柔性作业车间调度问题,采用不确定参数描述随机工时波动程度和约束条件允许违背程度,构建工时波动服从指数分布的多目标柔性车间调度模型.基于机会约束规划理论,将不确定调度问题转化为加工时间确定的柔性作业车间调度问题,求解得到一定程度上具有鲁棒性能的调度方案.在执行过程中,采用工序移动调整和重调度方法对作业排产方案进行动态调整.基于双链式编码以及贪婪插入法解码规则,提出了基于变邻域搜索的混合NSGA-Ⅱ算法.针对车间调度问题的多约束性和计算复杂度高等特点,设计了基于机器选择的复合启发式规则,包括依据概率的最小累计机器负载和最短工序加工时间规则,以获取更加接近Pareto前沿的均匀分布初始种群.采用改进工序和设备交叉策略以提高算法的全局搜索能力.此外,基于关键工序和机器选择的多种邻域结构,设计了变邻域搜索策略,以进一步提高算法的局部搜索能力.通过Kacem和Brandimarte标准算例的数值仿真以及与多种代表算法的统计比较,验证了所提算法的有效性.本文所提算法为不确定柔性作业车间调度问题提供了更优的调...     

改进萤火虫算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度

针对多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间、最小化机器总负荷、最小化机器最大负荷为目标,提出一种改进邻域结构的离散萤火虫算法。首先,采用多种策略相结合的方式初始化种群,提高算法初始解质量以及种群多样性;其次,通过改进关键路径的邻域结构并设计离散萤火虫算法的位置更新公式,以增强算法全局搜索和局部搜索能力;最后,将该算法应用于标准数据集,并将求解结果与其他算法进行对比,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

改进人工蜂群算法求解分布式柔性作业车间调度问题

针对分布式柔性作业车间调度问题的特点,提出一种改进人工蜂群算法.首先,建立以最小化最大完工时间为优化目标的分布式柔性作业车间调度优化模型;然后,改进基本人工蜂群算法以使其适用于求解分布式柔性作业车间调度问题,具体的改进包括设计一种包含三维向量的编码方案,结合问题特点针对性地设计多种策略用于种群初始化,在雇佣蜂改良搜索操作中设计多种有效的进化操作算子,并在跟随蜂搜索操作中引入基于关键路径的局部搜索算子以提升算法的局部搜索能力;最后,利用扩展柔性作业车间通用测试集得到的测试数据设计实验验证算法性能,使用正交试验法优化算法参数设置.仿真实验结果表明,改进后的人工蜂群算法能有效求解分布式柔性作业车间调度问题.     

变邻域杂草算法在多目标柔性作业车间调度中的应用*

针对最小化最大完工时间、总机床负荷最小及最大负载最小的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了变邻域杂草算法。首先,基于随机键编码方式,构造单链杂草,实现了杂草空间到调度空间的映射。其次,迭代后期执行变邻域搜索,对精英杂草局部深入挖掘,并通过反解码过程将调度空间的优良解反馈回杂草空间。对比实验表明,变邻域杂草算法在求解多目标基准问题时,非劣解集中解的数量和质量有一定优势。变邻域杂草算法是求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的有效方法。     

基于混合人工蜂群算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题研究

传统的优化算法在求解面对多目标柔性作业车间调度时,往往求解效率低且难以获得最优解。为了求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,设计了混合人工蜂群算法。种群的初始化采用了多种方法相结合的策略。在人工蜂群算法的不同阶段采用不同的搜索机制,在雇佣蜂阶段采用开发搜索,针对跟随蜂阶段蜜蜂跟随的对象的优秀解进行小幅度的更新,从而提高了搜索的表现。禁忌搜索与改进的人工蜂群算法相结合,有效的提升了获得最优解的概率。通过相关文献中的标准实例对设计的混合人工蜂群算法进行一系列求解测试,实验的结果有效的说明了算法在求解柔性作业车间调度问题时效果显著。通过求解结果对比表明人工蜂群算法的高效性和优越性。     

改进遗传算法求解柔性作业车间调度问题

针对柔性作业车间调度问题中最大完工时间、机器最大负荷和总机器负荷三项性能指标,提出一种改进的自适应交叉和变异的混合遗传算法。在基本遗传算法染色体编码的基础上,设计一种基于海明距离的调度个体差异判别方法,并通过自适应交叉阈值和动态变异概率计算提高遗传算法整个种群调度个体的多样性,防止算法过早的进入早熟。在遗传算法进化期间,对每个调度个体的进化采用变邻域搜索算法,扩大调度个体的邻域搜索范围。最后,使用文献中相同的调度实例将本文的计算结果与其它文献中的测试结果进行比较,验证了所提出的算法的可行性和有效性。     

求解FFS问题的混合搜索机制粒子群算法

针对柔性流水车间调度(flexible flow shop scheduling,FFS)问题,提出了一种混合搜索机制粒子群算法(multi-search mechanism particle swarm optimization algorithm,MMPSO),以期获得柔性流水车间调度问题的优化解。在分析柔性流水车间调度问题特点的基础上,设计了针对该问题的粒子信息编码方案,提出了瓶颈机器消除算法以提升初始种群的质量;同时在个体极值搜索中采用NEH-Greedy搜索算法,在全体极值搜索中采用SADA(simulated snnealing disturb algorithm)搜索算法以扩大搜索范围,提高可行解质量,加快收敛速度,在算法迭代搜索过程中对全体极值进行RPA(random perturbation algorithm)操作以避免算法陷入局部最优。实验结果表明,MMPSO算法能够以较快的收敛速度获得柔性流水车间调度问题的一个较好的优化解。     

混合EDA求解多目标零等待作业车间调度问题北大核心CSCD

为了求解最小化问题的最大完工时间(Makespan)和最大延迟时间的多目标零等待作业车间调度问题,提出了一种混合分布估计算法。首先,提出了NEH与随机生成并用的初始化种群机制,从而提高初始解的质量。其次,根据概率矩阵模型生成新的个体并通过非劣解集中的非受支配解更新概率矩阵。然后,在局部搜索部分,设计了一种变邻域的搜索机制,从而加强局部搜索能力,提高算法的搜索性能。最后,在仿真实验部分,通过对不同规模标准测试问题的测试,以及与其他算法的对比结果,验证了混合EDA求解多目标零等待作业车间调度问题的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。