无对运算的无证书签名方案的攻击与改进

无证书密码体制解决了基于身份公钥密码体制中的密钥托管问题和基于传统公钥证书密码体制中的证书管理问题,基于此无证书密码体制已成为密码学研究的热点之一.最近,樊爱苑等人提出了一个无双线性对运算的无证书签名方案,通过对其进行安全性分析,发现该方案不能抵抗A-I类伪造攻击,并给出了一种具体的攻击方法.针对该方案的安全缺陷,提出了改进方案,并对改进方案进行了正确性、安全性以及效率分析,分析结论表明改进方案在保持原方案高效性的同时,能抵抗A-I类和A-II类伪造攻击,提高了安全性.     

一种改进的针对滑动窗口模幂运算实现的密码数据Cache计时攻击

RSA,DSA等公钥密码大都基于“滑动窗口”算法实现模幂运算,其运算过程中进行的Cache访问会产生旁 路信息泄漏并用于密钥破解,基于Cache访问泄漏的幂指数分析算法是提高攻击效率的关键。通过分析现有攻击的 不足,进一步分析了预计算乘法因子到Cache的映射规律,提出了一种基于窗口值判定的幂指数分析改进算法;以基 本模幂运算为例,通过实际攻击实验验证改进算法的效率,结果表明改进算法可恢复出60%的幂指数位,优于前人最 好工作的4700;最后以RSA和DSA为例,给出了改进算法对密钥分析的影响。     

大整数模幂的固定基窗口组合算法

模幂乘运算是实现公钥密码体制的一个很重要的运算,其运算速度从整体上决定了公钥密码体制的实现效率。通过采用预处理技术,将椭圆曲线的定点标量乘的固定基窗口方法应用在模幂运算中,与SMM算法进行组合得到一种新的求模幂乘算法——固定基窗口方法。对算法的原理与效率进行了分析,实验结果表明,算法的运算速度得到了有效提高。     

基于无证书公钥密码的终端安全移动支付协议

移动支付协议允许两方或多方通过公开网络安全交换电子现金和数字内容.在实现安全支付过程中,传统公钥密码学的证书管理问题和基于身份密码学的私钥托管问题均给支付协议带来弊端.因此,使用无证书密码学来解决此类问题.针对高效的移动支付协议的设计问题展开研究,提出了一个基于无对的无证书密码学的移动支付协议.协议引入了口令等信息实现终端安全,还应用了密钥协商协议生成对称加密密钥,并且该过程伴随着支付过程,以此降低协议的计算和通信代价.此外,协议还可以实现公平交换等支付安全属性.     

可证安全的无对运算的无证书签密方案

无证书签密体制继承了基于身份签密体制无须使用公钥证书的特点,又对其密钥托管问题进行了改进,具有一定优越性。针对已有的无证书签密方案计算效率低、安全性差等缺点,基于一种安全的签名方案,提出一类新的无对运算的无证书签密方案。采用将哈希函数与用户身份绑定以及公钥与私钥相结合生成新密钥的方法进行构造。在随机预言模型下基于计算椭圆曲线上的离散对数困难问题证明了方案的机密性和不可伪造性。并与已往方案进行对比,在保证安全性的同时,该方案不使用双线性对和指数运算,效率较高。     

RSA公钥密码计时攻击研究及仿真

密码设备在执行加解密运算时泄露的时间信息能够被攻击者捕获,进而推算出密钥,破解密码系统。该文研究了RSA公钥密码算法和计时攻击的原理,分析了RSA加解密的模幂运算过程,阐述了基于模幂运算的RSA计时攻击原理,同时进行了仿真实现。仿真结果证明了RSA密码算法在计时攻击中存在安全缺陷,也说明了计时攻击与其他传统攻击相比更能准确快速地获得密钥。针对RSA公钥密码算法在计时攻击中存在的缺陷以及面临的安全威胁,讨论了抵御计时攻击的措施。     

一个高效的基于证书数字签名方案

基于证书公钥密码学是Gentry在Eurocrypt 2003上首次提出的,它克服了传统公钥系统中存在的证书管理问题和基于身份公钥系统中存在的密钥托管问题。基于计算性Diffie-Hellman假设,构造一个Shnorr型的高效的基于证书数字签名方案,并在随机预言机模型（Random Oracle Model）下证明其安全性。该方案在签名算法中不需要任何双线性对运算,在签名验证算法中只需要一个双线性对运算,在效率上优于已有的基于证书数字签名方案。     

改进的RSA算法在无线传感器网络中的应用

针对公钥密码体制在无线传感器网络密钥管理中存在计算速度慢、能量消耗大等问题,提出将一种改进的公钥算法应用其中。新算法利用蒙哥马利算法把大数的幂模运算转换成模幂运算,并使用中国剩余定理把模幂运算转换成求解同余方程组。算法安全性分析与实验结果表明,新算法能减少55%的运算开销,减少67%的存储空间占用,并增加21%的节点生命周期。新算法在保证密钥安全性的同时减少了运算量和存储空间,更加适合节点运算能力较低且能量有限的无线传感器网络。     

完美前向安全的基于身份认证密钥协商方案

现有的基于身份的一轮认证密钥协商方案没能实现强的完美前向性.采用强不可伪造的签名算法对临时公钥进行签名,提出一种改进的基于身份认证密钥协商方案.首先,对Boneh和Boyen提出的强不可伪造的短签名方案进行改造,提出一种强不可伪造的基于身份签名方案;然后,将新签名方案与Ni等人提出的eCK安全的基于身份一轮认证密钥协商方案相结合,提出新的密钥协商方案.进一步,为了实现新方案的可证明安全性,在对比分析eCK-PFS模型和eCK模型的基础上,融合现有安全模型,定义了基于身份认证密钥协商方案分析的强安全模型ID-eCK-PFS.在ID-eCK-PFS模型下,通过安全性规约,证明了新提出的基于身份认证密钥协商方案实现了强安全性,包括抗密钥泄露伪装、抗临时秘密泄露和完美前向安全性等.     

同余方程加密方案的研究

目前基于公钥的加密和会话密钥交换方案容易受到中间人攻击且效率不高。为此,提出了一种基于同余方程的加密和会话密钥交换方案,该算法可以安全高效地实现会话密钥的协商和加密消息的传输,并且还能防止中间人攻击。该方案在一定程度上防止第三者对传输消息的篡改,其安全性是建立在大数因子分解的困难性基础上的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.