面向虚拟机的远程磁盘缓存

在虚拟机(virtual machine)系统中,随着虚拟机数量和应用程序需求的不断增长,内存容量已经成为应用程序性能的主要瓶颈。为了提升内存密集型和I/O密集型程序的页面交换性能,提出了虚拟机的远程磁盘缓存机制REMOCA,它允许运行在一台物理主机上的虚拟机将其他物理主机的内存作为其二级磁盘缓存。由于网络传输延迟远远小于磁盘访问,用网络传输代替磁盘访问就能够有效地降低虚拟机的平均磁盘访问延迟。REMOCA的目标就要尽可能地减少磁盘访问。REMOCA运行在虚拟机管理器中,其基本工作原理是截获并处理虚拟机的页面淘汰、磁盘访问等事件。REMOCA能够与现有的虚拟机内存管理机制(如气球技术、影子缓存)相结合,从而提供更加灵活的内存资源管理策略。实验数据表明,REMOCA能有效地降低页面抖动对虚拟机性能的影响,并在很大程度上提升虚拟机中I/O密集型应用的性能。     

自适应调整虚拟机权重参数的调度方法

在基于特权服务操作系统的虚拟机架构下客户操作系统需要借助特权服务操作系统来访问真实硬件,目前虚拟机调度算法的优化主要是侧重于I/O密集型虚拟机的研究,而忽视了CPU密集型虚拟机,更忽视了特权服务操作系统的I/O处理能力对虚拟机整体性能的影响.针对这些问题,提出了一种基于Credit算法的自适应调整虚拟机权重参数的优化调度方法,将特权服务操作系统的I/O处理能力作为虚拟机参数调整的一个重要参数,同时兼顾I/O密集型虚拟机和CPU密集型虚拟机对资源的需求.实验结果表明该方法能够及时根据当前的I/O请求数量和特权服务操作系统的处理能力合理调整虚拟机的权重参数,从而大大提高了客户操作系统CPU处理性能和硬件设备的访问性能.     

面向OpenStack/Ceph的虚拟机备份系统研究

针对OpenStack面临的虚拟机容灾备份问题,提出了一种基于Ceph存储快照的虚拟机容灾备份系统,备份时对虚拟机存储在Ceph中的磁盘生成快照,再根据备份要求计算有效数据或者变化数据,保存虚拟机的配置信息以及磁盘数据,恢复时自动创建相同配置的虚拟机并将当前快照点的磁盘数据恢复到该虚拟机中.实验表明,该方法比OpenStack的快照备份方法能有效节省备份时间和存储空间,并且可以实现后者不具有的增量备份、多磁盘备份等功能.     

一种基于虚拟机的安全监测方法

随着虚拟化广泛应用于如云计算等各种领域,渐渐成为各种恶意攻击的目标.虚拟机的运行时安全是重中之重.针对此问题,提出一种适用于虚拟化环境下的监测方法,并且在Xen中实现虚拟机的一个安全监测原型系统.通过这个系统,特权虚拟机可以对同一台物理机器上的大量客户虚拟机进行动态、可定制的监控.特别地,本系统对于潜伏在操作系统内核中的rootkit的检测十分有效.这种安全监测方法能有效提高客户虚拟机以及整个虚拟机系统的安全性.     

多虚拟机环境下磁盘写优化机制

在虚拟化环境下,如何在写直达法和写回法之间做出权衡以使系统既具有较好的可靠性又具有较高的磁盘读写性能,是一个亟待解决的问题。本文提出了基于XEN的兼有写直达法和写回法优点的磁盘数据写操作方法。通过修改虚拟机块设备前后端驱动程序,在虚拟机管理器中为每个虚拟机建立块级别的虚拟机磁盘缓存。虚拟机中的应用程序均采取写直达的方式,将数据直接写到位于虚拟机管理器的虚拟机磁盘缓存中。结果表明,该机制能为虚拟机提供高效率的磁盘读写操作,同时,在虚拟机系统突然宕机时也能保证用户数据的完整性和可靠性。     

虚拟机Windows 10的软RAID配置与恢复

磁盘阵列(RAID)具有提高计算机读写数据的速度、实现对数据的冗余保护及保证数据存储可靠性的功能.本文介绍利用在虚拟机Windows 10客户机添加两个磁盘进行软件RAID的配置,以及模拟磁盘损坏和RAID1恢复的方法.该方法中的RAID1可以保证普通用户数据存储的可靠性,适用性强.     

基于优化的COW虚拟块设备的虚拟机按需部署机制

基于COW(Copy-on-Write)读写模式的虚拟块设备有利于实现大规模虚拟机环境下虚拟机的快速部署.文中为虚拟机管理器中的COW虚拟块设备设计了一种优化方法,能够提高COW磁盘的访问性能以及生成多个小尺寸的COW磁盘映像文件,以降低通过网络部署虚拟机的开销.基于优化的COW虚拟块设备,文中提出了虚拟机环境下的虚拟机按需部署机制及关键技术问题的解决方案.基于Linux平台和QEMU虚拟机,实现了基于优化COW虚拟块设备的虚拟机按需部署原型系统.实验表明,优化的COW虚拟块设备、基于COW磁盘有效工作集的优化部署以及COW磁盘回收等方法能够有效地支持虚拟机环境下低开销的、按需的虚拟机部署.     

一个新的安全内核模型研究

利用保护环和安全内核的功能,提出了一种新的增强操作系统安全性的模型.新模型中,虚拟机监控器中被用来保护运行时安全内核.虚拟机监控器运行在有最高特权级的保护环上,安全内核和用户进程分别运行在次高特权级和最低特权级的保护环上.当次高特权级的安全内核试图写某些关键的系统资源时,写操作必须经过运行于最高特权级的虚拟机监控器的验证和许可.结果,该模型能够阻止恶意代码修改并绕过运行时安全内核.     

基于自动测试的虚拟机磁盘I/O服务质量评估框架

通过系统虚拟化技术在同一物理主机上的各个虚拟机之间动态地分配物理资源,可以实现物理资源的最大利用率和分配的公平性,达到较高的服务质量.提出了一种基于测试和汇总同一物理主机上各虚拟机之间物理磁盘I/O带宽的分配情况,来评估虚拟机磁盘I/O服务质量的框架.它通过客户端控制各虚拟机执行指定的I/O测试程序,同步收集各虚拟机的虚拟磁盘吞吐量,并加以汇总.实验证明这套框架可以有效地从高效性和公平性两方面评估虚拟化环境中虚拟机磁盘I/O的服务质量.     

一个基于引用监控机的内核完整性保护方法

运用引用监控机的概念和虚拟机监控器的功能,提出了一种新的保护内核完整性的方法。该方法在虚拟机监控器中增加了引用监控模块,使之成为引用监控机;让客户操作系统内核以非特权模式运行在引用监控机上,使其对某些资源的修改操作必须经过运行于特权模式的引用监控机的验证,从而阻止恶意代码修改内核。与传统的防御恶意代码的方法相比,传统方法只能检测出内核完整性已被破坏,不能阻止恶意代码对内核的修改。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。