无线射频技术和邻域定位算法的搜索定位系统研究

论文拟采用无源标签对物体进行定位,基于多跳邻域定位的思想对传统无线射频识别定位算法进行优化,提出的优化算法仅需考虑无线射频识别系统的最基础功能,无需考虑阅读器和标签之间的信号传输强度,极大地简化了定位识别系统的成本,并增加其鲁棒性和抗干扰特性.然后分析了影响算法性能的主要因素,介绍了系统结构和参数选择.最后,将优化算法的仿真结果与试验结果进行了对比.对比表明,该定位系统具有较高的定位精度和抗环境干扰能力,适用于运动目标的位置估计.研究成果为无线射频识别定位开辟了一条新的途径.     

一种改进的RFID阅读器定位容错算法研究

针对RFID故障频率较高而导致RFID阅读器定位准确性较低的问题,首先对RFID阅读器的故障类型进行了分析,然后基于线性二阶锥形规划,提出了一种可以处理长时间大范围故障的RFID阅读器定位算法,并提出了一种质量指数指标来衡量该算法得出的定位结果的质量.仿真实验结果表明,该算法在定位精度方面优于当前算法,并可提供定位质量信息.最后,实现了基于该算法的阅读器定位系统RFID-RLS,并在办公室环境内进行测试,验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于转换码的双时隙RFID防碰撞算法

针对无线射频识别(RFID)系统中的标签碰撞问题,提出一种基于转换码的双时隙防碰撞算法BSCC。根据标签附加码的信息,标签在不同的时隙响应阅读器。同时该方法通过编码器编码用转换码表示标签识别码,使阅读器更容易读取碰撞信息,对标签进行准确识别。通过数学分析,准确地描述了BSCC算法识别标签所需的时隙数。仿真结果表明,BSCC算法消除了阅读器识别的空闲时隙,减少系统通信量,提高了标签的识别效率。     

基于改进后退策略的按位二进制防碰撞算法

为解决无线射频识别系统中的标签碰撞问题,提出一种基于改进后退策略的按位二进制防碰撞算法。该算法利用标签ID的唯一性,使阅读器只需通过标签ID的部分比特位就能准确地识别某个标签。仿真结果表明,改进的搜索算法能减少阅读器与标签之间的识别通信量及阅读器的搜索次数,提高标签的识别速度。     

改进的基于堆栈存储的二进制搜索算法

针对无线射频识别(RFID）系统中的标签防碰撞问题,详细分析典型的二进制算法、动态二进制算法及后退式二进制算法的原理,同时考虑识别次数和传输位数这两方面的性能,提出了一种快速高效的防碰撞算法。通过对标签进行预处理以及在阅读器中设置堆栈,有效地减少碰撞算法中的识别次数和传输冗余信息。仿真结果表明该算法在次数效率和位数效率性能上有较大的提高。     

一种基于二进制码调制的射频识别防碰撞算法

针对射频识别( RFID)标签防碰撞算法识别效率低的问题,提出一种基于二进制码调制的RFID标签防碰撞算法BCMA。对传统多叉树防碰撞算法进行改进,活动标签采用位编码技术把标签ID在多叉数中的位置信息调制到一个2m位的二进制数主控继电器(MCR)上,并把MCR回送给阅读器;阅读器采用位跟踪技术,定位MCR碰撞发生的数位,从而解调出活动标签的分组信息。阅读器对待识别标签的分组是确定性的,进而避免空闲时隙的产生,提高系统识别效率。仿真结果表明,与常见的八叉树算法相比,BCMA算法使系统吞吐率提高168%。     

融合RFID 的无线传感器网络节能研究

针对节省传感节点能耗和均衡整个网络中各节点能耗的问题,该文提出一种融合射频识别设计与优化路由协议的无线传感器网络节能方法。该方法首先采用RFID标签和阅读器分别与无线传感器网络节点以及无线设备融合,然后对该融合策略进行分析与设计,最后结合了LEACH算法的思想。实验仿真表明,新方法在延长整个网络生命周期和降低整个网络中的能耗方面明显优于LEACH算法。     

RFID系统中二进制搜索防冲撞算法研究

为解决无线射频系统的标签冲突问题,提出一种改进的二进制搜索防冲撞算法.使用曼彻斯特编码按位识别碰撞信息,只传输冲撞位,以减少总的传输数据量,引入休眠计数器减少算法的识别范围,采用回退策略降低阅读器发送请求命令的次数.仿真结果表明,该算法能有效减少搜索次数和传输时延,提高系统的识别效率.     

基于加权欧式算子的射频识别定位算法

基于有源射频识别校验的动态定位技术中边界标签的定位精度受制于参考标签数量,针对该问题,提出一种优化测距的改进算法。结合路径损耗模型,分析环境噪声对阅读器收信场强的可信度影响,通过引入加权算子调整定位标签与参考标签之间的欧氏距离,修正各阅读器上的收信场强可信度。仿真结果表明,对于检测区域边界的待定位标签,改进算法比原算法具有更好的定位精度及环境适应性。     

基于调度方式的多阅读器防碰撞算法

已有防碰撞算法在无线射频识别系统的应用中存在功耗、成本较高等问题。为此,提出一种基于调度方式的多阅读器防碰撞算法。对调度方式防碰撞算法进行改进,采用分簇思想,结合预约、休眠机制实现传输阶段的无碰撞通信。仿真结果表明,与PULSE算法相比,该算法能够有效地避免阅读器的信号干扰,提高系统的读取效率,降低阅读器的功耗,且该优势随着阅读器数目的增多更加明显。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.