含钒低合金钢铸坯高温延塑性研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了含钒低合金钢铸坯的高温延塑性,利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜对断口形貌及金相组织进行分析。低合金钢的第Ⅰ脆性温度区在Ts~1 370℃之间,第Ⅲ脆性温度区在915~710℃之间。第Ⅲ脆性区间由奥氏体低温域晶界滑移楔形裂纹造成的沿晶脆性断裂和奥氏体晶界先共析铁素体薄膜造成的沿晶韧性断裂两部分组成。钢中的V对钢的第Ⅲ脆性凹槽的影响比较大,脆化向低温区域延伸。     

Effect of Austenite Grain Size on the Hot Ductility of Nb-Bearing Peritectic Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Austenitic grain size is an important factor affecting the hot ductility of steel slabs during continuous casting. In the present study, the effects of...     

含铌钛钢X-52连铸坯的高温延塑性

测试了熔点～700℃温度区间含铌钛钢X-52连铸坯的高温延塑性．根据断口形貌、组织以及钢中析出物等的变化情况分析了该钢的脆化机理．结果表明：在熔点～700℃温度区间,X-52钢存在2个脆性区,熔点～138℃的第Ⅰ脆性区,925～825℃的第Ⅲ脆性区．细小的NbCN沿奥氏体晶界的动态析出是造成第Ⅲ区脆化的主要原因．可通过向钢中添加少量的钛,以降低晶界处细小的NbCN的析出量,防止光共析铁素体在奥氏体晶界呈网状析出而改善钢的热塑性．     

Effect of Boron Precipitation Behavior on the Hot Ductility of Boron Containing Steel

The effect of boron (B) precipitation behavior on the hot ductility of B containing steel was investigated. Hot ductility of B containing steel was sensitive to the cooling rate (CR) in the range of 1 to 20 K/s (1 to 20 °C/s), whereas that of B-free steel showed little change with CR. Increased CR causes deepening and widening of the ductility trough in B containing steel. Particle tracking autoradiography (PTA) analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the samples show that boron nitride (BN) particles form along prior austenite grain boundaries, and that as CR increases, these particles become smaller and more numerous. This increase in the number of small BN precipitates may promote intergranular fracture, leading to a decrease in hot ductility in the lower austenite temperature region (1173 to 1273 K (900 to 1000 °C)). Furthermore, the formation of filmlike ferrite at ~1123 K (850 °C) causes a decrease in the hot ductility of this steel regardless of B addition and CR.     

钒对低硅含磷系TRIP钢热变形行为的影响

通过分析不同变形温度及应变速率下低硅含磷系TRIP钢高温流变曲线的变化规律,建立了本构关系,并分析了合金元素钒对其影响。结果表明,添加0.19%钒,由于固溶钒原子的拖曳作用,使动态再结晶激活能提高~6%,同时推迟了动态再结晶的发生,使σc/σp和εc/εp值均有所提高。通过回归得到无钒钢和含钒钢的峰值应力和临界应力、峰值应变和临界应变与lnZ的关系。     

Characteristics of Hot Ductility in Steels Containing Nb,Ti

The hot ductility was measured for a series of steels containing Nb and/or Ti with Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator.It is found that the effect of austenitizing temperature on hot ductility of Nb-containing steel is significant.As the austenitizing temperature rises up,the shape of embrittling curve (SEC) from V-shape gradually changes to U-shape,and the range of embrittling temperature widens out and the embrittling degree deepens.The SEC of Nb-containing steel is U-shaped and the embrittling temperature range is about 600-1050℃.The initial temperature of embrittlement on the right is nearly independent of carbon content.The SEC of Ti-containing steel is N-shaped and two lowest points are at about 600℃ and the A-F transformation temperature.The SEC of Nb-Ti-containing steel is basically the superposition of two shapes mentioned above.The crack on straightening in continuous casting belongs to intergranular fracture,and the crack on rolling (crack expansion) belongs to transgranular fracture.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Low Silicon TRIP Steel Containing Phosphorus and Vanadium

 The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of a low-silicon TRIP steel containing phosphorus and vanadium at different finish rolling temperatures were studied by laboratory hot rolling experiments. Different ratios of multiphase microstructure (ferrite, granular bainite and retained austenite) are obtained. With a decrease in finish rolling temperature, the volume fractions of ferrite and retained austenite increase. EBSD analysis reveals that most of the ferrite grains are fine, and decreasing of finish rolling temperature leads to an increase in low angle boundaries. Under the joint effects of fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening, higher strength is obtained. When the finish rolling temperature is decreased to 800 ℃, the steel has excellent mechanical properties: Rp02=470 MPa; Rm=960 MPa; Rp02/Rm=049; A50=197%; n=025.     

Effect of the Charging Temperature on the Hot Ductility of Nb‐Containing Steel in the Simulated Hot Charge Process

In order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effect of hot charging temperature on the hot ductility of a Nb‐containing steel, direct hot charging process was simulated by using a Gleeble thermo stress/strain machine. Three kinds of thermal histories were introduced to assess the hot ductility of the steel during continuously cast, hot charging, and cold charging process by means of hot tensile test in relation to surface cracking of hot charging processed steel slabs. The ductility of the specimens charged at the temperature within the range of ferrite/austenite two‐phase region and charged at the temperature just below the A_r1 of the steel is largely reduced. These results can be ascribed to the retained ferrite films at the boundaries of austenite encouraging voiding at the boundaries and these voids gradually link up to give failure around 750°C, and the combination of inhogeneous austenite grain size and precipitations aggravating the ductility trough by encouraging grain boundary sliding at 950°C. The steel via the conventional cold charge process experienced a complete phase transformation from austenite to ferrite and pearlite structure during the cooling to the ambient temperature. This steel can be charged into a reheating furnace and rolled without experiencing hot embrittlement due to the recrystallization and the precipitates are trapped inside a newly formed grain of austenite. In comparison with the hot ductility results, the hot tensile strength is only slight influenced by the charging temperature.     

Hot Ductility Evolution Mechanism of Titanium-Bearing Microalloyed Steels

Titanium-bearing (Ti-bearing) microalloyed steels have high strength and toughness by grain refinement effect of carbonitride precipitates. However, they can induce surface cracks of continuous casting slab when the Ti alloyed content is high. A microalloyed steel with Ti content (0.10–0.15 wt%) is carried out by thermalmechanical simulator over 600–1350 °C to analyze hot ductility evolution mechanism. Fracture surface morphology, phase transition, and behavior of precipitates of the tensile samples are investigated by experimental detection and thermodynamic calculation. The ductility–temperature curves show that the third brittle temperature range is 600–890 °C, which is mainly attributed to the thin proeutectoid ferrite film and precipitated titanium carbonitride particles, widening the embrittlement temperature ranges through of steel. In addition, the tensile samples at 890–1350 °C have good hot ductility, indicating the dynamic recrystallization of deformed austenite can trigger grain boundaries migration away from cracks and avoid the side effect of the Ti (C,N) particles on hot ductility. The first brittle temperature range of 1350 °C-melting point is mainly ascribed to the partial melting of the grain boundaries with element segregation of sulfur and phosphorus, and microporosity loose among dendrites.     

不同实验条件对冷轧双相钢高温热塑性的影响及影响机制

 采用Gleeble 2000高温力学性能模拟实验机对不同冷却速率及不同拉伸速率下600 MPa级Al Mo系冷轧双相钢高温热塑性进行了研究。结果表明,随拉伸应变速率增大,双相钢的高温热塑性明显提高;降低冷却速率,能显著提高双相钢高温区(t＞1 100 ℃)的塑性性能。为了避免铸坯在连铸过程中产生表面裂纹,矫直温度应保证在1 050~1 150 ℃范围内,同时二次冷却应采用弱冷水制度,以降低冷却速率。金相观察发现,沿奥氏体晶界呈网状分布的铁素体薄膜是造成两相区塑性低谷的主要原因,而AlN、FeO等析出相致使奥氏体单相区脆化。     

中碳微合金化钢高温延塑性的研究

借助Gleeble1500热模拟试验机测试了含Nb和含Nb、Ti两种中碳微合金化钢的高温力学行为,分析了析出物、相变、动态再结晶对微合金化钢高温延塑性的影响。结果表明:试验钢种无第Ⅱ脆性区出现;含Nb钢第Ⅲ脆性区的温度范围为950~700℃,含Nb、Ti钢第Ⅲ脆性区的温度范围为900~725℃;微合金化元素Ti的加入可以细化奥氏体晶粒使含Nb微合金化钢高温塑性槽变窄、变浅;析出物沿晶界多而细小的析出和γ→α相变是第Ⅲ脆性区微合金化钢高温延塑性变差的主要原因。实际生产中通过优化二冷区水量,采用弱冷,可以有效降低微合金化钢表面微裂纹的发生率。     

含Nb、V、Ti钢连铸坯中碳、氮化物的析出及钢的高温塑性

在１０－３ｓ－１应变速率下对含铌、含铌钛和含铌钒钛钢连铸坯试样的高温塑性进行了测定。高温下拉伸试样中主要以ＴｉＮ的析出为主，在９００℃左右，铌的碳氮化物析出达到高峰，钒的析出温度低于钛、铌，在７００℃时仍有相当数量的钒析出。试样中主要有３类碳、氮化物析出：①高温下析出的块状ＴｉＮ；②９００℃附近析出的微细动态析出产物（此类析出物造成钢塑性的急剧降低）；③依附在ＴｉＮ颗粒上生成的复合析出物。含较多铌、钒的试样γ→α先共析转变延迟，其在第Ⅲ脆性温度区的脆化向低温侧延伸     

硫含量对中碳结构钢高温塑性的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,测试了45钢(w(S)=0.016%)轧材、45钢(w(S)=0.06%)轧材及连铸坯的高温塑性.试验结果表明,在相同的温度下,低硫45钢轧材比高硫45钢轧材的高温塑性好,而高温强度基本相当;高硫45钢的连铸坯脆性转变温度区间为1100～1000℃,而连铸坯纵向比横向的高温塑性好,高温强度相当.扫描电镜分析结果表明,随着钢中硫含量的增加,在断口晶界上(Mn,Fe)S析出物数量有所增加,钢的高温塑性(断面收缩率)下降,降低了晶间的结合强度,对裂纹的敏感性增强.     

普通取向硅钢的热塑性研究

对实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧流程试制成功的普通取向硅钢的铸坯进行高温力学性能测试,分析动态再结晶、析出物和相变对取向硅钢热塑性的影响。结果表明:试验取向硅钢无第Ⅱ脆性区;第Ⅲ脆性区的温度范围约为850~600℃;晶界析出物和相变是第Ⅲ脆性区取向硅钢塑性变差的主要原因。     

Hot Ductility and Compression Deformation Behavior of TRIP980 at Elevated Temperatures

The hot ductility tests of a kind of 980 MPa class Fe-0.31C (wt pct) TRIP steel (TRIP980) with the addition of Ti/V/Nb were conducted on a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator in the temperatures ranging from 873 K to 1573 K (600 °C to 1300 °C) at a constant strain rate of 0.001 s^?1. It is found that the hot ductility trough ranges from 873 K to 1123 K (600 °C to 850 °C). The recommended straightening temperatures are from 1173 K to 1523 K (900 °C to 1250 °C). The isothermal hot compression deformation behavior was also studied by means of Gleeble-3500 in the temperatures ranging from 1173 K to 1373 K (900 °C to 1100 °C) at strain rates ranging from 0.01 s^?1 to 10 s^?1. The results show that the peak stress decreases with the increasing temperature and the decreasing strain rate. The deformation activation energy of the test steel is 436.7 kJ/mol. The hot deformation equation of the steel has been established, and the processing maps have been developed on the basis of experimental data and the principle of dynamic materials model (DMM). By analyzing the processing maps of strains of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, it is found that dynamic recrystallization occurs in the peak power dissipation efficiency domain, which is the optimal area of hot working. Finally, the factors influencing hot ductility and thermal activation energy of the test steel were investigated by means of microscopic analysis. It indicates that the additional microalloying elements play important roles both in the loss of hot ductility and in the enormous increase of deformation activation energy for the TRIP980 steel.     

Hot Ductility of Ti-V Bearing Microalloyed Steel in Continuous Casting

Hot ductility of Ti-V bearing steel was studied by theoretical calculation and thermal simulation experiment.Meanwhile,microsegregation and precipitates were analyzed.The results showed that elements S,Ti and O were enriched at the grain boundaries,while the hot ductility was deteriorated by inclusions of(Fe,Mn,Si,Al)(S,O)in the interdendritic region.At the temperature of 1 100℃,large TiN particles had little effect on hot ductility.In the temperature range from 975 to 925℃,reduction of area(R.A)declined rapidly from 81.88% to 63.16% with the size of particles decreasing from 40 to 20nm and quantity increasing from 1.4 to 11.9μm-2,respectively.In the temperature range from 875 to 825℃,R.Areduced unobviously from 35.14% to 28.6% with ferric films thickening gradually.The critical stress,88.79 MPa,was equal to tensile strength at 825 ℃.Intergranular fracture was easy to occur with higher critical stress below 825℃.     

中碳铝硅镇静钢连铸坯的高温延塑性

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机测试了宝钢生产的易出现角横裂纹缺陷的中碳铝硅镇静钢GR4151连铸坯的高温延塑性,并通过金相、扫描电镜等方法对拉断后试样的断口及组织形貌进行了分析检验,结果表明:GR4151钢在熔点~700℃的温度区间存在2个脆性区域,即熔点~1330℃的第Ⅰ脆性区和860~740℃的第Ⅲ脆性区,第Ⅲ脆性区内,γ单相域AlN等氮化物在γ晶界析出和在γ+α两相区先共析铁素体呈网状并在γ晶界析出是造成脆化的主要原因,本文还提出了避免产生角横裂纹缺陷的措施。     

Investigation of the Peritectic Phase Transition in a Commercial Peritectic Steel Under Different Cooling Rates Using In Situ Observation

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - In situ studies of two separate events of the peritectic phase transition during continuous casting, the peritectic reaction and the peritectic...     

含铌微合金高强度钢Q345C连铸坯的热塑性

 通过Gleeble-2000 试验机研究了Q345C钢连铸坯的高温热塑性。利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、透射电镜观察了第Ⅰ、Ⅲ脆性温度区内拉伸试样断口部位的显微组织及形貌,分析了动态再结晶、相变、析出物等对微合金化钢高温延塑性的影响。结果表明：在1×10-3/s应变速率下, Q345C钢存在两个脆性温度区,即第Ⅰ脆性区（1200～1300℃）和第Ⅲ脆性区（600～875℃）,无第Ⅱ脆性区出现;最高塑性出现在1050℃左右,断面收缩率（Z）达到85.8%;在第Ⅲ脆性区,沿奥氏体晶界析出膜状铁素体抗拉能力较低,晶界处存在夹杂物以及微合金元素的析出物,是钢的热塑性降低的主要原因。