RP-HPLC测定南、北五味子中三种木脂素类成分的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法检测五味子中三种木脂素类成分的含量。色谱柱为Agilent C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75∶25),流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长250 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。结果表明,3种成分的进样量分别在4~800、4~400、4~400μg/m L范围与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r分别为0.999 3,0.999 8,0.999 9),平均回收率分别为98.44%,98.86%和97.84%,RSD分别为1.24%,1.87%和1.18%(n均为5)。北五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量分别为7.196,1.344,3.476 mg/g,南五味子中不含五味子醇甲,五味子甲素、五味子乙素的含量依次为59.065,3.213 mg/g。该方法快速、准确、重现性好,可用于南、北五味子中木脂素类成分的分析,评价不同来源五味子的质量。     

五味子中木质素类活性成分的高效液相色谱分析

本文建立了五味子药材中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量的测定方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法,使用Kromasil C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以乙腈一水梯度系统为流动相,流速1．0mL·min-1,检测波长218nm。结果：五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素线性范围分别为19．92～398．4、6．24～124．8、12．5～250μg·mL-1,平均回收率分别为99．5％、98．6％、98．5％。结论：本法可用于五味子药材的质量控制。     

五味子药材中醇甲和酯甲的测定

五味子以100%甲醇溶解,用超声波清洗器提取20 min,建立一种同时对五味子药材中五味子醇甲和酯甲定性和含量测定的HPLC-MS方法。色谱条件:色谱柱ZORBAXEclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm),流动相甲醇-水(体积比65∶35),流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长220 nm,柱温20℃,进样量20μL。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源(ESI+源),扫描范围(m/z):300~600,干燥气温度350℃,干燥气流速8.0 mL/min,雾化气压力275.8 kPa。结果表明,五味子醇甲和酯甲分别在1.3~83.2μg和1.04~66.56μg浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为0.998和0.997,平均加标回收率分别为100.7%和99.7%,RSD均小于2%。本方法灵敏度高、操作简便、结果准确,可用于五味子中五味子醇甲和酯甲定性及定量的测定。     

九味熄风颗粒HPLC指纹图谱及化学成分归属研究

目的：构建九味熄风颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱,获得良好的各色谱分离峰形,获悉其成分归属与含量,准确客观评估九味熄风颗粒的整体质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以Kromasil C₁₈柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长225 nm,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温30℃。运用相关软件,以11批次的九味熄风颗粒为研究对象,计算其化学成分指纹图谱的相似度,指认图谱共有峰药材来源,结合飞行时间质谱法检测图谱中的主要化学成分。结果：建立了九味熄风颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱;发现并确定17个具有指纹意义的共有峰,可归属到6味药材,其中6个共有峰得到鉴定;各批次九味熄风颗粒样品指纹图谱与标准指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论：该法准确快速获悉各批次原药材、中间体的成分变化,为合理调配提供试验数据支撑,最大程度保证成品的成分含量及组成比例的一致性。     

一种改善睡眠胶囊的制备及其质量标准研究

确定改善睡眠胶囊主要的提取工艺并对其质量标准进行研究。通过正交试验,以五味子醇甲含量为评价指标,优化最佳提取工艺条件,确立提取工艺;研究处方中五味子的定性鉴别及五味子醇甲的含量测定。提取工艺为提取2次,每次加水4倍量,提取2次;供试品薄层色谱中,在与五味子对照药材和五味子醇甲对照品色谱相应位置上,显相同颜色的斑点;供试品高效液相色谱图中,在与五味子醇甲对照品色谱相应位置上色谱峰保留时间基本一致。该制备工艺合理、简便,建立的质量标准能准确地进行定性、定量检测,可作为改善睡眠胶囊的质量控制。     

超高效液相色谱质谱联用法快速测定护肝片中五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙的含量

采用超高效液相色谱质谱联用法,ESI离子源正离子模式选择离子扫描模式对护肝片中五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙进行定量分析。五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙在一定范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999,加样回收率为98.41%和96.91%(n=6)。该方法快速、灵敏度高、选择性好,适合测定护肝片中五味子醇甲和五味子醇乙的定量分析。     

民族药云实花HPLC指纹图谱研究

建立贵州省内不同产地民族药云实花的HPLC指纹图谱，并利用系统聚类分析、主成分分析对其质量进行分析评价。采用HPLC法，以SHIMADZU C₁₈色谱柱、流动相甲醇-水梯度洗脱、流速1 mL/min、柱温(25±0.8)℃、波长254 nm进行检测，使用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)”建立云实花样品的指纹图谱。建立了云实花样品的指纹图谱，确定了18个共有峰，并指认色谱峰P5(色氨酸)、P6(腺苷)、P7(苯丙氨酸)、P17(Caesalsappanin K)。建立了云实花的指纹图谱，为云实花的质量控制评价提供新的方法。     

HPLC法测定五味子中五味子甲素含量

为测定五味子中五味子甲素含量,采用HPLC法分析检测,色谱柱:Hypersil C18(10μm,250×4.6 mm),流动相:甲醇-水(85∶15),流速:0.6 mL/min,检测波长:254 nm,柱温:25℃。结果表明,五味子中五味子甲素与其他组分良好分离,五味子甲素保留时间约为9.6 min。五味子甲素对照品线性范围0.0025～0.35μg,r=0.99995,平均回收率为100.47%。本法灵敏度高、操作简便、结果准确,可用于五味子中五味子甲素含量的测定。     

附子不同炮制品对麻黄细辛附子汤指纹图谱的影响研究

研究4种附子炮制品对麻黄细辛附子汤溶出度的影响,并建立指纹图谱,为麻黄附子细辛汤的临床使用提供根据。采用反相高效液相色谱,色谱柱选用美国安捷伦公司Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),流动相使用甲醇及0.2%磷酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,检测波长选取254nm,柱温30℃,记录60min内的指纹图谱。经方法学考察,该方法具有稳定性、可靠性、重复性,可用于检测附子不同炮制品的麻黄细辛附子汤指纹图谱。在麻黄细辛附子汤指纹图谱中共指定了7个共有指纹峰,并考察这7个共有峰在附子炮制方法不同时峰的保留时间与保留面积。附子炮制方法的不同较大的影响了麻黄细辛附子汤的指纹图谱,这进一步为关于麻黄细辛附子汤的化学成分及临床研究提供了依据。     

半枝莲高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈(A)-水(0.2%磷酸,B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~15 min,5%~15%A;15~85 min,15%~35%A),流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长270 nm,柱温25℃,进样量10μL,建立了不同产地半枝莲药材的指纹图谱。其精密度、重现性以及稳定性良好。以野黄芩苷作为对照峰,标定了13个特征峰为其共有峰。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件进行测评,8份药材的相似度介于0.953~0.768。主成分分析获得2个主要成分,累积贡献率可达80.347%。应用指纹图谱并结合主成分分析,能够准确的评价半枝莲药材的质量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.