A high-voltage pulse generator for electric-discharge technologies

The electric circuit and design of a high-volta ge pulse generator with an output voltage of ≥3 50 kV is described. The generator operates in the nanosecond range of pulse durations (~300 ns) at a repetition rate of up to 10 pulses/s in a continuous mode and is intended for electric-discharge technologies. The energy stored in the generator is ~600 J, and the energy released in a pulse is ≥300 J. A discharge of a capacitive storage through a toroidal pulsed transformer and a discharge gap is used in the generator.     

A modular drift step-recovery diode generator for nanosecond pulse technologies

A generator of nanosecond pulses with an energy of ~50 mJ, which provides switching of voltage pulses with an amplitude of ~17 kV and a rise time of ~4 ns at a repetition frequency of 8 kHz to a 75-Ω resistive load, is described. The load is matched to the generator output cable. The generator is based on an opening switch in the form of a unit of drift step-recovery diodes (DSRDs). The conditions for the efficient operation of DSRDs are provided by six self-contained modules each of which contains an IGBT transistor and a step-up saturable-core transformer. The results of an experimental study of the generator are presented. They indicate a high efficiency of the developed modular circuit, which makes it possible to increase the switched energy virtually in proportion to the number of used modules, and the possibility of reducing the switching energy loss in the DSRD unit in proportion to the number of diode assemblies connected in parallel. It is shown that the generator can be used for producing ozone and high-purity silicon tetrafluoride and also in an apparatus for purifying air of organic pollutants.     

A pulse microwave generator

The tunable generator intended for producing rectangular microwave pulses with a 1-μs duration, 50-Hz pulse repetition rate, and 1-kW power, operating in a frequency range of 2.7–3.7 GHz, is described. The generator can be used for calibrating microwave detectors and tuning microwave units in investigations performed in the area of relativistic microwave electronics.     

A pulse generator for feeding mass spectrometers

A small-size high-frequency rectangular alternating-voltage pulse generator is designed for energizing a cylindrical electrode of a monopole mass spectrometer. Amplitudes of positive and negative pulses linearly increase from zero to +150 V/?180 V for ～10 min and the frequency simultaneously linearly decreases from 2.0 to 1.4 MHz. A negative-polarity direct component, which is required for operation of the mass spectrometer, is formed due to unequal positive and negative amplitudes with respect to the ground. Spectra of residual gases with atomic mass numbers of 1–130 amu are obtained.     

A pulse magnetic-field generator for terahertz gyrodevices

A pulse magnetic-field generator producing pulse amplitudes up to 50 T with base durations of unities of milliseconds is described. The pulse magnetic field is obtained during discharging a capacitive storage through a thyristor-diode switch into a nitrogen-cooled solenoid. The repetition of the pulse amplitude of the current in the solenoid is ensured with an accuracy up to tenth of shares of a percent by stabilizing the precharge voltage of the storage and thermally stabling the solenoid. Using this generator, experiments for obtaining terahertz kilowatt-power radiation from 0.9- to 1.3-THz frequencies were successfully performed.     

A compact nanosecond pulse generator

A compact high-current pulse generator with the amplitude of the load current up to 140 kA and rise time below 200 ns is designed. The basic element of the pulse generator design is the HCEIcap 100–0.2 capacitor switch assembly. The capacitance value of the capacitor switch assembly is 200 nF, the charging voltage is 100 kV, the energy storage is 1000 J, and the full inductance value is 20 nH. The sizes of the active part of the capacitor are 80-mm inner diameter ×160-mm outer diameter ×160 mm. A multigap spark-gap is used as a switch. The rise rate of the current through the load (X-pinch, 2 molybdenum wires with a 25-μm diameter) is 1.3 kA/ns, and the soft X-ray pulse duration is 2.0–3.5 ns.     

A high-current pulse generator for gas discharge pumping

A generator has been designed for pumping a pseudospark gas discharge in xenon with the aim of generating UV radiation at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. The output parameters of the generator are as follows: the pulse energy is 10 J, the voltage is 6 kV, the peak current when short circuited is 40 kA, the base current pulse duration is 200 ns, and the frequency is as high as 500 Hz.     

A low-frequency high-power arbitrary-shape voltage pulse generator

A circuit diagram and design of the arbitrary-shape bipolar voltage pulse generator with amplitudes up to 800 V and a peak output on a matched load of 400 kW are described. The generator is based on car rechargeable batteries and power insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Results of the experiments aimed at producing high-power harmonic signals with frequencies of 50 Hz and 1 kHz are presented.     

Basic study on pulse generator for micro-EDM

An RC pulse generator can easily generate a pulse on-time as short as a several dozen nanoseconds in micro-electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM), but its discharge frequency is low due to the time needed to charge the capacitor in micro-EDM, which has a strong negative effect on the pulse generator’s working efficiency. Therefore, a new transistor-type isopulse generator has been developed for micro-EDM in this research. Evaluation of the machining characteristics proved that the transistor-type isopulse generator is suitable for micro-EDM. The experimental results reveal that the transistor-type pulse train generator is unsuitable for micro-EDM due to its low removal rate: 80-ns and 30-ns pulse on-times of discharge current can be obtained by using the transistor-type isopulse generator developed in this research, and the removal rate of this generator is two or three times higher than that of the traditional RC pulse generator.     

A helical-radial magnetic cumulation fast-growing current pulse generator

A design-experimental study of a magnetic cumulation generator (further referred to as generator) with flat helical is performed. This generator combines advantages of both spiral-cylindrical and disk generators. As to speed of operation, the spiral-radial generator is equivalent to the disk generator, but can operate in high-impedance loads. To calculate characteristics of spiral-radial generators, including external-excitation generators, a semiempirical procedure for determining laws of variations of the inductances and mutual inductance of helical of the generator is developed. The procedure is based on measuring the current oscillation frequency in the course of the magnetic-field compression, while the helix is loaded into a small capacitance. A satisfactory compliance of the experimental data and semiempirical calculations is obtained. The experimental effective time values of the current buildup of the spiral-radial generators do not exceed the same characteristic for spiral-cylindrical generators with an axial charge initiation of the explosive material. A possibility of further decreasing the effective time is shown for the plane-parallel throwing of liner plates.     

A pulse microwave generator for short-range radar-location and radio navigation systems

Special features of implementing a microwave generator based on 3A750 and 3A762 Gunn-effect diodes with a working frequency band of 8–12 GHz, an output power of 10–40 W, 56 × 56 × 36-mm sizes, and a working temperature range of ∼50°C are given.     

电火花加工脉冲电源功率器件的研究进展

功率器件是电火花加工脉；中电源中的一个核心元件，它对电火花加工的效率、加工精度和工具电极损耗等有很大的影响。本文综述了GTO、GTR、MOSFET、IGBT、MCT、IGOT和IPM等功率器件的研究现状和最新成果，并对它们在电火花加工脉冲电源中的应用与发展现状进行了分析评述。     

An ultrawideband Gigawatt pulse generator

An ultrawideband pulse generator consists of a bipolar voltage pulse generator, a four-channel power divider, and a flat (2×2) equally spaced equal-amplitude antenna array. Characteristics of the ultrawide-band radiation at the excitation of the antenna array by bipolar pulses with a±200-kV voltage amplitude, ≈3.5-ns duration, and 100-Hz pulse repetition rate are given. The peak power of the vertically polarized radiation is 1.3 GW.     

A high-power nanosecond pulse generator based on solid-state switches

A high-power nanosecond pulse generator based on a Lewis transformer and ultrafast IGBT-transistors is described. The generator ensures the formation of square pulses at a 50-Ω matched load with a repetition rate of up to 2 kHz. The pulse duration may be freely varied from 20 to 200 ns, and the pulse power may vary from 200 W to 2 MW.     

A compact repetitive high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator for the application of gas discharge

Uniform and stable discharge plasma requires very short duration pulses with fast rise times. A repetitive high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator for the application of gas discharge is presented in this paper. It is constructed with all solid-state components. Two-stage magnetic compression is used to generate a short duration pulse. Unlike in some reported studies, common commercial fast recovery diodes instead of a semiconductor opening switch (SOS) are used in our experiment that plays the role of SOS. The SOS-like effects of four different kinds of diodes are studied experimentally to optimize the output performance. It is found that the output pulse voltage is higher with a shorter reverse recovery time, and the rise time of pulse becomes faster when the falling time of reverse recovery current is shorter. The SOS-like effect of the diodes can be adjusted by changing the external circuit parameters. Through optimization the pulse generator can provide a pulsed voltage of 40 kV with a 40 ns duration, 10 ns rise time, and pulse repetition frequency of up to 5 kHz. Diffuse plasma can be formed in air at standard atmospheric pressure using the developed pulse generator. With a light weight and small packaging the pulse generator is suitable for gas discharge application.     

A high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator for exciting diffuse gas discharges at atmospheric pressure

A high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator intended for studying diffuse discharges in gases at pressures close or equal to atmospheric pressure is described. The generator produces pulses with an ∼50-ns (at half-height) duration, a >50-kV voltage amplitude, a 10- to 12-ns rise time, and a pulse repetition rate of up to 1 kHz across an equivalent load (1.3 kΩ, 15 pF). The generator is based on available cheap components, and the amplitude (energy) of output pulses and their repetition rate can be promptly regulated in a wide range. The generator is immune to noise and reliable.     

Nanosecond square high voltage pulse generator for electro-optic switch

A scalable square high voltage pulse generator, which has the properties of fast rise time, fast fall time, powerful driving capability, and long lifetime, is presented in this paper by utilizing solid state circuitry. A totem-pole topology is designed to supply a powerful driving capability for the electro-optic (EO) crystal which is of capacitive load. Power MOSFETs are configured in series to sustain high voltage, and proper driving circuits are introduced for the specific MOSFETs configurations. A 3000 V pulse generator with ~49.04 ns rise time and ~10.40 ns fall time of the output waveform is presented. This kind of generator is desirable for electro-optic switch. However, it is not specific to EO switch and may have broad applications where high voltage fast switching is required.     

Bipolar pulse generator for intense pulsed ion beam accelerator

A new type of pulsed ion beam accelerator named "bipolar pulse accelerator" (BPA) has been proposed in order to improve the purity of intense pulsed ion beams. To confirm the principle of the BPA, we developed a bipolar pulse generator for the bipolar pulse experiment, which consists of a Marx generator and a pulse forming line (PFL) with a rail gap switch on its end. In this article, we report the first experimental result of the bipolar pulse and evaluate the electrical characteristics of the bipolar pulse generator. When the bipolar pulse generator was operated at 70% of the full charge condition of the PFL, the bipolar pulse with the first (-138 kV, 72 ns) and the second pulse (+130 kV, 70 ns) was successfully obtained. The evaluation of the electrical characteristics indicates that the developed generator can produce the bipolar pulse with fast rise time and sharp reversing time.     

A high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on a barrier discharge

One of the specific features of the barrier electric discharge is the short duration of microdischarge processes that last about tens of nanoseconds. A high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on a barrier electric discharge is presented. A voltage of tens of kilovolts is usually applied to electrodes of the discharge cell. The peak values of the current pulse may be very high (from a few amperes to several tens of amperes). The presented high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator, having a sufficiently simple design, ensures quite good pulse repetition stability, and, when necessary, allows one to easily tune characteristics of pulses and their repetition rates by changing the geometrical, electrical, and physical-chemical parameters of the setup.     

A compact subnanosecond high-voltage bipolar pulse generator with spark gaps

Two modifications of the compact subnanosecond high-voltage bipolar pulse generator with an active unit based on a high-impedance charging line, forming line, and two uncontrolled nitrogen spark gaps without gas purging are studied. In both cases, the forming lines are charged with compression of the energies of incident pulses with a ∼160-kV amplitude, a ∼4-ns duration, and a ∼1.5-ns leading edge. The difference of operation modes of the circuits and their efficiency are specified by a point of connecting the load. In conditions of nanosecond prebreakdown overvoltage at a 100-Hz repetition rate, the spark gaps were energized with a relative scatter of ±(100–170) ps, thus specifying the stability of the shape of output bipolar pulses with a voltage difference up to 250 kV.