基于分层控制器的轮式滑移转向机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对采用滑移转向方式的轮式机器人，分析了其运动学模型与动力学模型，提出了用于轨迹跟踪控制的分层控制器。基于滑移转向机器人的运动学模型，设计了用于上层轨迹跟踪的模型预测控制器，实现轨迹的快速跟随；基于滑移转向机器人的动力学模型，设计了用于底层速度与横摆角速度跟随的滑膜控制器，实现运动速度的快速跟踪；通过跟踪微分器对轮速微分信号进行滤波，避免噪声的影响。最后通过Simulink与Trucksim联合仿真，验证了所提出的分层控制器的有效性。     

基于参数自适应神经动力力学的轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制

轮式机器人具有复杂多变的非线性、强耦合以及时变的动力学特点,采用传统的机器人轨迹跟踪控制容易产生较大的速度突变,导致机器人在控制过程中产生抖振现象,为此提出了一种基于参数自适应神经动力力学的轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制方法。通过运动学分析并建立轮式机器人的位姿误差模型,采用神经动力学设计机器人轨迹跟踪控制器;分析比较不同参数取值与控制量之间的关系,设计了一种参数自适应方法进一步提高轨迹跟踪控制器的性能;最后,通过对所设计的控制方法进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,所设计的控制方法能够保证机器人拥有较小的速度突变,在出现误差情况下能够以较快速度收敛,在轨迹跟踪上拥有较高的精度。     

无速度反馈的双臂空间机器人模糊滑模控制

针对存在不确定性且无速度反馈的自由漂浮双臂空间机器人关节轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于状态观测器的模糊滑模控制方法.根据双臂空间机器人完全驱动动力学方程以及运动学方程,建立自由漂浮状态下系统的关节空间动力学方程.利用模糊系统的万能逼近特性对系统不确定部分进行逼近,并设计状态观测器在线估计系统关节运动的角速度信息.以关节角度和观测器获得的关节角速度作为系统状态反馈,在传统滑模控制方法基础上,进一步考虑系统惯性参数未知导致的建模误差,设计模糊滑模控制器,实现了双臂空间机器人系统关节角度的轨迹跟踪控制.数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

双离合器自动变速器双离合器起步与换档的反馈线性化控制的研究

对理想发动机飞轮转速与理想离合器从动片转速的精确跟踪是提高双离合器式自动变速器(DCT)起步与换档品质的关键。针对DCT在起步与换档时离合器接合过程的仿射非线性动力学模型,利用基于微分几何的反馈线性化方法,将原非线性系统拓扑等价为完全可控型线性化系统并对该线性系统实施PID控制。仿真结果表明:起步与换档时的仿射非线性系统稳定、跟踪性态良好。     

多关节机器人反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制

为了提高多关节机器人轨迹跟踪控制性能,提出了一种反馈线性化双模糊滑模控制方法。该方法在对机器人非线性动力学模型反馈线性化的基础上,设计了一种双模糊滑模控制器。通过设计一个模糊控制器,根据跟踪误差和误差变化率自适应地调整滑模面的斜率,从而加快响应速度。通过设计另一个模糊控制器,根据滑模面自适应地调整滑模控制的切换控制部分,从而减弱抖振。利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了控制系统的稳定性。针对空间三关节机器人进行了仿真实验,结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

转向缸系统反馈线性化分析与系统解耦

为解决汽车转向缸加载控制中出现的诸如强位置干扰、多通道耦合、非线性等问题,将线性系统和非线性系统理论引入系统控制器的设计中,对各通道耦合问题开展了以前馈补偿为基础的解耦控制,所设计的前馈补偿结构简单,解耦网络阶次低;针对非线性问题提出了将非线性系统精确反馈线性化与最优控制相结合的方法,设计了基于精确反馈线性化的最优控制器,该方法将复杂的非线性系统问题转化为线性系统的综合问题,采用渐近输出跟踪方法实现系统控制。仿真结果表明:采用前馈补偿解耦控制器可以有效消除耦合,但当系统存在高度非线性时,仅采用前馈补偿解耦控制不能达到高品质的性能要求,而进一步设计的基于精确反馈线性化的最优控制器考虑系统非线性时,系统能快速、准确达到预置设定。     

轮式移动焊接机器人输出反馈线性化控制

针对目前基于运动学模型的焊缝跟踪控制已经不能满足焊缝跟踪的高精度要求的问题,以一种后两轮差速驱动的5自由度轮式移动焊接机器人为对象,给出其动力学模型及其输出反馈线性化的过程,并提出一种基于此动力学的轮式移动焊接机器人路径跟踪控制方法。建立轮式移动机器人具有非完整力学系统形式的动力学模型,并推导出对应的状态反馈精确线性化模型。在此线性化模型基础上,考虑机器人动力学模型参数的不确定性,利用滑模变结构控制方法来设计动力学控制规律,选取线性切换函数和指数趋近律,设计滑模变结构控制器。并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明系统的稳定性且跟踪误差收敛,满足了移动机器人的轨迹跟踪要求,且具有设计方法简单、鲁棒性强的特点。通过仿真验证所提控制律的有效性和正确性。     

四自由度教学机器人的鲁棒跟踪控制方法

针对机器人中存在不确定性模型误差和外界干扰问题,设计出一个鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制器,以对其进行逆向动力学补偿,从而保证了跟踪误差的一致和终值有界.通过模拟仿真,对所提出的控制方案与比例积分微分(PID)控制方案进行了比较,结果表明,鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制具有更高的跟踪精度.     

6自由度水下机器人动力学分析与运动控制

对6自由度水下机器人的动力学与运动控制进行研究。首先考虑重力、浮力、推力以及水动力的影响,建立水下机器人的动力学模型,对机器人的复杂水下动力学行为进行描述。在此基础上,根据解出加速度法设计非线性控制器,包括内外两个控制回路。其中外控制回路根据机器人实际轨迹与期望轨迹之间的偏差进行负反馈控制,内控制回路根据机器人动力学特性引入非线性补偿,把机器人转化为一个更易于控制的线性系统,从而准确实现对理论轨迹的跟踪。最后对水下机器人跟踪目标进行运动控制仿真。从仿真结果可以看出,利用该方法可以使水下机器人具有良好的轨迹跟踪能力。     

基于滑模变结构的轮式机器人双环轨迹跟踪控制

针对轮式机器人轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种利用滑模变结构算法构建的双环轨迹跟踪控制系统。在基于轮式机器人运动学模型基础上,针对该非线性欠驱动系统采用滑模变结构算法设计了能够保证全局范围内渐近稳定的轨迹跟踪控制器,并构建了双环控制系统。通过内环系统控制角速度,实现对方向角的跟踪;外环控制器得到控制角之后实现对速度的控制,使机器人达到期望位姿状态。文中利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对所设计的闭环系统进行了稳定性分析,并通过仿真进一步验证了该控制系统的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.