三月伦敦金属交易所（LME）基本金属价格全线上涨

铜：2006年3月31日交易结束时，三月期铜、现货铜、铜结算价分别为5415美元／吨、5463．5美元／吨、5415．5美元／吨，同3月1日行情相比，交易行情分别上涨了：617美元／吨、577．5美元／吨、576．5美元／吨，涨幅分别为：12．86％、11．82％、11．91％。     

氨基磺酸镍镀镍

氨基磺酸镍镀镍印度高茨帕邮政学院化学系的斯日娃斯特娃研究了氨基磺酸镀镍，其镀液含有０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氨基磺酸镍，０．Ｚｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸镍，０．Ｚｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼酸，不用任何添加剂，即可在室温、０．ｓｄ／ｄｉｎ‘下获得电流效率１００％、硬度高达７４０ＨＶ、镜面...     

Bi—Sn—In系无铅易熔合金性能研究

利用X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热分析仪和拉伸试验机，研究了易熔合金Bi-Sn-In的成分对合金结构、熔化特性和对黄铜钎焊接头抗拉强度的影响。结果表明：低铟含量的Bi-Sn-In易熔合金，由Bi、β-Sn和InBi相组成；随In含量增加，合金由Bi、BiIn、γ、β、β-sn、Bi3In5、BiIn2相等组成；在截面Ⅰ（Bi／In：61．8／28．2），Ⅱ（Bi／In=54．2／35．8），Ⅲ（Bi／In=46．2／43．8）分别存在一个低共熔点，在截面Ⅳ（Bi／In：34．7／55．3）存在两个低共熔点；且合金的液相线随Bi／In比例的降低而减小；Bi-Sn-In钎焊接头的抗拉强度随In含量的增加呈线性下降，随Sn含量的增加而上升。     

镁价持续走高的背后:机遇还是挑战?

2008年1月下旬国际镁价已接近4500美元／t，承续了去年犀利的涨势。同时从英国（（金属导报》获悉，近期美国市场现货镁价从2．9～3．25美元／磅涨至3．05～3．55美元／磅的高位，90％含量的废金属最低售价也达到了2．7美元／磅。与国际镁价走势一样，我国国内镁价自2007年5月以来，便开始了持续疯狂的上涨，从年初的15300元／t上涨至12月的30500元／t，涨幅近100％（见下图1、2）。FOB价跟随国内镁价上涨，由年初的1950美元／t涨至年底4230美元／t，涨幅近117％。     

钛离子掺杂对LiFePO4结构和性能的影响

为提高LiFePO4的充放电性能，用Ti（Ⅳ）对LiFePO4进行掺杂．用电化学方法测量了Li1-xTixFePO4的充放电性能，用X射线衍射和里特沃尔特方法表征了掺杂LiFePO4的晶体结构．固相反应可以制备单相Li1-xTixFePO4（x=0．00、0．01、0．02、0．03、0．05和0．07，摩尔分数），其中Li0．98Ti0．02FePO4具有更好的电化学性能，在80mA／g的充放电电流下，第2次的放电比容量为136．606mAh／g，循环20次后为128．388mAh／g．研究表明，少量钛离子掺杂不仅改变了原子间距和位置、引起晶胞收缩，而且增加了LiFePO4中Fe^3＋／Fe^2＋共存态的浓度，提高了材料的导电能力，从而能有效地提高LiFePO4的比容量和循环性能．     

锆钛酸铅镧陶瓷微结构和介电性能研究

研究了Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比为６５／３５，掺Ｌａ分别为８、９、１２、１６．７％（ｍｏｌ％）的锆钛酸铅镧（ＰＬＺＴ８／６５／３５／９／６５／３５，１２／６５／３５、１６．７／６５／３５）陶瓷的微结构和介电性能，ＸＲＤ研究表明，ＰＬＺＴ中存在着（ｈ＋１／２，ｋ＋１／２，１）型超结构，随着Ｌａ含量的增加，有序度增加，当Ｌａ含量为１２％时达到最大，继之下降，提出了Ａ位离子有序的体心立方超结构模型。介电常数与温度关系     

自身保健法治疗大学生失眠症的研究

应用自身保健法治疗３０名大学生失眠症患者。实验结果：①收缩压、脉搏和呼吸频率治疗前后分别为１７．２０±１．５／１５．１０±１．４（ｋＰａ）、８６．５±７．４／７４．２±３．０（次／ｍｉｎ）和２０．６±１．２／１２．４±１．０（次／ｍｉｎ），３项Ｐ值全部＜０．００１。②睡眠时间治疗前后为２８８．４±３２．４／４３２．０±４８．６（ｍｉｎ），Ｐ值＜０．００１，治疗后平均增加１４３．６ｍｉｎ。③睡眠质量（得分）治疗前后为３６．５±３．０／２２．０±３．２，Ｐ值＜０．００１，表明在主观睡眠质量、睡眠效率、入睡时间、早醒和睡眠不深方面都有明显改善。文章最后对治疗机理进行了详细讨论     

界面涂层对气相渗硅Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

在1650℃气相渗硅（Vapor Silicon Infiltration—VSI）制备了3D碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料（Cf／SiC），其密度约为1．85g／cm^3．当C／SiC界面涂层存在时，气相渗硅cf／SiC强度为239．5MPa；而无界面涂层存在时，Cf／SiC弯曲强度大幅下降，约为67．4MPa．无界面涂层保护时，气相渗硅过程中纤维与硅蒸气发生反应，使得纤维硅化，造成材料性能下降．纤维表面沉积的C／SiC涂层，不仅保护纤维，避免被硅侵蚀，而且具有弱化界面、偏转裂纹等作用，复合材料的断裂功得到显著提高．将气相渗硅温度提高到1700℃后，有界面涂层存在情况下Cf／SiC复合材料密度显著提高，达到2．25g／cm^3，强度基本与1650℃时相当．     

Ni/PSt/TiO2多层芯-壳结构电磁响应

制得了粒径均匀、兼有电磁响应的镍／聚苯乙烯／二氧化钛(Ni／PSt／TiO2)三层核-壳结构的复合微球．用红外光谱、X射线衍射及透射电镜对微球进行了表征，研究了包覆前后微粒的沉降性、导电性、耐蚀性、热稳定性以及在电、磁场作用下的运动．结果表明，所制得的镍／聚苯乙烯／二氧化钛(Ni／PSt／TiO2)复合微球对电磁场有良好的响应性，在相互垂直的电场与磁场作用下排列形成了一种网状花样结构，为利用电、磁场调控排列粒子成三维有序结构提供基础．     

掺Er3+硅酸盐玻璃上转换发光特性研究

研究了掺Er^3＋硅酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱和上转换光谱，应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er^3＋强度参数Ωλ（λ=2、4、6）、跃迁振子强度、自发辐射几率、荧光分支比．上转换光谱分析表明：在522、545、658nm处有较强的绿光和红光，分别对应于^2H11／2→^4I15／2、^4S3／2→^4I15／2、^4F9／2→^4I15／2的跃迁，发光曲线拟合斜率分别为1．67，1．94，1．76；上转换发光机制主要是激发态吸收和能量转换，且均为双光子吸收过程．     

Rational development of a unique family of renewable polymers

A unique family of renewable polymers has been constructed through facile chemical and physical approaches. In viewing of the abundant and renewable characteristics of starch, cellulose, chitosan and alginate, they are adopted as starting materials. Lactic acid and carbon dioxide, which can be regarded as derivates of starch, are also adopted as starting materials since both of them are abundant, non-toxic and renewable. For sake of making the intension to be carried out easily, the applied chemical or physical approaches are as facile as possible. After two decades of effort, a variety of polymers with versatile properties such as improved mechanical strength, good adsorption or loading capacity and various intelligent behaviors have been tailor-made. These polymers are designed systematically instead of obtaining at random. Herein, our ideas and the strategies for developing the polysaccharide-based renewable polymers are elucidated. It is expected that what presented in this article could stimulate more ideas to develop renewable polymers and bring brighter prospect of the polysaccharide-family.     

阻尼层敷设方式对结构性能的影响

采用两种弹性模量不同的高分子材料，设计了四种自由阻尼层结构。基体钢板材质相同，阻尼层的总厚度相同。阻尼层分别采用单层同一材料和两层不同材料的形式。研究了结构的阻尼性能，发现采取分层阻尼层结构，并且将弹性模量大的材料敷设在外层时结构阻尼性能最好，依据高分子材料阻尼产生的机理，对此做了分析。研究了结构的固有频率，发现分层敷设结构的固有频率不因阻尼材料敷设顺序的改变而改变。     

细晶变形镁合金的研究进展

综述了变形镁合金的种类、基本变形特性和优良性能,介绍了轧制、挤压、锻造、超塑成形等常用成形技术,探讨了变形镁合金晶粒细化的机理及常用方法如等径角挤压、形变热处理等,阐述了变形镁合金的研究现状、存在的问题,并指出了未来变形镁合金研究开发的方向.     

管析手机演变中的外形设计策略

为了获取手机外形设计的成功经验,以诺基亚手机为例,探讨了其外形演变中的设计策略。通过分析用户喜好、技术、经济等主要影响因素,将诺基亚演变划分为豪华阶段、尝试阶段和时尚阶段,并将其主要造型语言归纳为35种。在此基础上,探讨了诺基亚的选择性外形创新策略、阶段性外形识别策略、外形整合功能策略和外形定位差异化策略,这些策略将对国产品牌的外形设计具有参考价值。     

Analysis of elastic properties of carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites with pinhole defects

Due to their unique molecular structure, carbon nanotubes exhibit outstanding properties. They are regarded as ideal reinforcements of composites. In this paper, the effects of pinhole defects on mechanical properties are investigated for wavy carbon nanotubes based nanocomposites using 3-D Representative Volume Element with long carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are modeled as continuum hollow cylindrical shape elastic material with pinholes, having some curvature in its shape. These defects are considered on the single walled carbon nanotubes. The mechanical properties like Young’s modulus of elasticity are evaluated for various values of waviness index, as well as type and number of pinhole defects. The effects of interactions between both defects as well as their influence on the nanocomposites are studied under an axial loading condition. Numerical equations are used to extract the effective material properties for the different geometries of Representative Volume Elements with non-defective carbon nanotubes. The finite element method results obtained for non-defective carbon nanotubes are consistent with analytical results for cylindrical Representative Volume Elements, which validate the proposed model. It is observed that the presence of pinhole defects as well as waviness, can significantly reduces the effective reinforcement, when compared with nanotubes without pinhole defects and this reinforcement decreases with the increase of the number of pinhole defects.     

The influence of the electroplating parameters on the conditions of deposited nickel‐iron coatings

Several specific electroplating parameters are varied to develop a manufacturing process for nickel‐iron coatings with low residual stresses and favourable structures and hardness values. Here, the produced coating conditions on the surface are characterised according to alloy compositions, microstructures, residual stresses, texture and microhardness as well as the elastic indentation modulus. The manufacture of the coatings was carried out in a laboratory electroplating plant. The process parameters are: electroplating in electrolytic baths with and without saccharin as an additive, with different iron content as well as with various current parameters. The results show significant influences of saccharin, as a bath additive, and of the pulse frequency during the reverse current pulse procedure on the coating conditions. Supplementary investigations are scheduled for determining the distributions of the conditions through the coating thickness. Similarly, micromechanical tests are planned. Process parameters with optimal conditions can then be selected from the determined process‐condition property relation. This is to subsequently serve as the basis for improving the manufacture of micro gear‐wheels. The micro gear‐wheels are produced by electroforming using the direct LIGA process.     

Investigation of tribological and mechanical properties of metal bearings

Copper, aluminum and tin-lead based alloys are widely used as journal bearing materials in tribological applications. Bronze and brass are widely used as journal bearing materials for copper based alloys. Zamacs find applications as journal bearing materials for zinc based alloys, while duralumines are chosen as journal bearing materials for aluminum based alloys. In addition, white metals are widely used as journal bearing materials for tin-lead based alloys. These alloys ensure properties expected from journal bearings. In this study, tribological and mechanical properties of these journal bearings manufactured by metals were investigated. SAE 1050 steel shaft was used as counter abrader. Experiments were carried out in every 30 min for a total of 150 min by using radial journal bearing wear test rig.     

金属及陶瓷材料冲蚀研究的进展

固体颗粒冲击材料表面造成的冲蚀磨损，受入射粒子及靶材性能等多种因素影响；本文综述了金属材料的微切削、挤压锻造、变形磨损及脱层冲蚀磨损模型和陶瓷材料的弹塑性、准静态及晶粒弹射等冲蚀模型，以及由于入射粒子碎裂引起的二次冲蚀模型，并讨论了冲蚀的影响因素。     

人工神经网络在材料设计中的应用

在实验数据的基础上,利用人工神经网络建立高Ｃｏ－ Ｎｉ 二次硬化钢的力学性能与合金成分及热处理温度对应关系的模型． 首次提出将五个材料力学性能指标及部分合金成分作为网络的输入,其它合金成分和热处理温度作为网络的输出,根据要求的力学性能设计材料的合金成分含量及热处理条件,获得了满意的结果,为高性能材料设计提供了一定的理论辅助手段．     

Electrical properties of CFC- and HCFC-substitutes

Electrical properties of refrigerants are of importance as soon as bushings are surrounded by a refrigerant. This is the case e. g. for hermetic sealed motor compressors as well as for some control devices such as liquid level control units or capacity controls for compressors. This paper presents a survey of existing data for HFC refrigerants and presents new measurements for those HFC blends that have been identified as long term replacements for CFCs and HCFCs. The data collection includes permittivity, electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage. Values are given for the HFC blends R404A, R407C, R410A and R507 as well as for R134a.