牛乳酪蛋白检测方法研究进展

牛乳含有丰富的蛋白质,是比较理想的营养物质,但也是常见的过敏原之一。酪蛋白是牛乳中含量最高的蛋白,常作为牛乳过敏检测的主要参考指标之一。其检测方法主要包括基于免疫学的方法、聚合酶链式反应技术（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）、毛细管电泳分析、色谱法、质谱法等,本文就其检测方法的原理、特性及实际应用进行综述,并对未来检测的发展方向进行展望。     

牛乳主要过敏原及其检测技术研究进展

牛乳过敏是婴幼儿常见的食物过敏之一,能引发皮肤、胃肠道或者呼吸系统方面的疾病。明确牛乳过敏原的结构及致敏机制,并建立准确且敏感度高的检测分析方法有助于人们预防这类疾病。牛乳中常见的过敏原为酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白和α-乳白蛋白。本文详述了这些主要过敏原蛋白的结构、致敏机制以及相关的抗体识别序列,并结合国内外关于乳过敏原检测的相关报道,阐述了基于蛋白质和DNA的牛乳过敏原检测技术,包括ELISA、免疫传感器、PCR以及环介导等温扩增技术,以及这些技术应用的优缺点,旨在为牛乳过敏的防控和乳过敏患者的健康提供一定的理论支撑。     

核桃过敏原及其检测方法的研究进展

核桃为植物坚果类中的主要过敏原之一。如何快速、准确、经济有效地检测核桃过敏原是国外核桃食品安全关注的热点。已知核桃中主要过敏原是Juglans Jug r 1~4、Juglans Jug n 1及Jug n 2共6个,其致敏率较高且可导致严重过敏反应。核桃过敏原主要检测方法有酶联免疫吸附法和PCR法。加强核桃中过敏原及其检测方法的研究,对保障核桃过敏患者安全具有重要意义。      

芸豆凝集素蛋白过敏原的检测及其脱敏食品加工工艺的研究进展

芸豆凝集素是芸豆中主要的过敏原蛋白之一,具有致敏剂量低、致死率高的特点,对芸豆消费安全具有重大隐患.如何快速、准确定量芸豆产品中的凝集素含量,并且在其食品加工中采用有效的脱敏食品加工工艺,是目前食品安全和卫生领域的研究热点.本文介绍了芸豆凝集素蛋白的致敏特点,重点列举、分析了芸豆凝集素的检测技术,主要包括红细胞凝集法、...     

表面等离子共振技术及其在食物过敏原检测中的应用

表面等离子共振(SPR)技术是研究分子间及生物大分子稳定性的一种有效的非标记生物物理技术,并已经成功应用于使用简单、快速、无需标记的生物传感器。本文主要介绍了SPR的基本原理,SPR生物传感器的应用特点及设备以及在食物过敏原检测中的应用。已有的研究结果表明,SPR生物传感器在检测牛奶、坚果、鸡蛋和鱼制品中的主要过敏原等方面,具有灵敏度高、准确度高、检测快捷等特点,将发展成为食物过敏原检测的重要技术手段。      

肉及其加工制品的掺假鉴别技术研究进展

肉因其较高的营养价值和独特的风味而成为广大消费者饮食中最重要的组成成分之一。在高额利益的驱动下,肉及肉制品的加工生产中掺假问题频繁发生。因此开发出能够对肉及肉制品的掺假进行有效鉴别的技术与方法对保障消费者的利益具有重要意义。产品和消费方式的不同决定了对掺假鉴别的侧重点不同,因而对相应掺假鉴别技术的要求也不同。本文阐述了目前用于肉及肉制品掺假检测的常见方法的基本原理及其研究进展,包括基于蛋白质组学的免疫和质谱技术,基于DNA的聚合酶链式反应技术以及基于无损检测的传感器和光谱技术。同时也对目前已知方法所存在的鉴别盲区和新的掺假鉴别技术的开发提出了建议,以期为肉类及其加工制品掺假鉴别提供一定的理论依据。     

Systematic comparisons of genetically modified organism DNA separation and purification by various functional magnetic nanoparticles

DNA extraction is always an important and key step in bioanalytical fields for target nucleic acid detection. Traditional organic solvent‐based extraction methods are toxic and time‐consuming. In this work, we report a systematic study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as probes for genomic DNA extraction from genetically modified organism (GMO) plants. Different surface‐functionalised MNPs with controllable diameters have been used to extract the genomic DNA directly from GMO plants for detections. Systematic comparison of the results obtained under different extraction conditions has indicated that carboxyl‐modified MNPs with smaller diameters are more suitable for genomic DNA extractions. The successful qualitative detection of GMO and non‐GMO products based on the MNP extracted DNA is also achieved and discussed in this article. In view of the advantages of magnetic extraction, such as nontoxicity, ease of operation, and rapid and high throughput, this systematic research has demonstrated the great potential of the method and provides theoretical guidance for practical MNP applications.     

食品中常见过敏原及检测技术研究进展

近年来,食物过敏发生率呈现上升趋势,由食物过敏引发的食品安全问题引起广泛关注.目前对于食物过敏尚无有效治疗手段,避免摄入含过敏原食物是最有效的预防方式.因此,过敏原检测与标识对过敏人群具有重要的警示意义.本文介绍了8类常见致敏食品中主要过敏原的结构与致敏特点,综述了现阶段用于过敏原检测的主要技术,包括基于蛋白水平的免疫...     

A two-site monoclonal antibody immunochromatography assay for rapid detection of peanut allergen Ara h1 in Chinese imported and exported foods

Food allergen labeling has not yet been implemented in China. Therefore, a gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) was developed using two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the peanut allergen Ara h1. The GICA was specific for standard peanut samples with a sensitivity of 10 ng/ml. Peanut protein traces extracted from 124 food products imported and exported by China Customs were easily and rapidly detected by GICA. 68 food samples originally labeled as containing peanuts were positive for Ara h1 and 54 food samples labeled as not containing peanuts were negative for Ara h1, indicating that the labels from the manufacturers were accurate. However, 2 food samples labeled as not containing peanuts tested positive for Ara h1. The present GICA provides a fast, simple, semi-quantitative method for the determination of peanut allergens in foods. This detection system can be used to ensure the safety of food imported and exported by China Customs.     

食物过敏原蛋白的定量检测方法

食物过敏现象的日益严重凸显食物过敏原蛋白定量检测的重要性。目前对食物过敏原蛋白进行定量检测的方法多是基于单个蛋白的间接测定。随着质谱分析方法的进步,定量蛋白质组学技术已开始并将广泛应用于复杂食品混合物中微量过敏原的直接定量检测。本文分别对基于单个蛋白和蛋白质组学的食物过敏原蛋白的定量测定方法进行综述。     

牛乳过敏原及加工技术对其致敏性的影响

对婴幼儿来说,牛乳营养丰富,是母乳最好的替代品,但牛乳中的蛋白质可能会引起过敏。牛乳中的主要过敏原是酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白和α-乳白蛋白。本文从牛乳过敏原的结构和抗原表位、热处理、发酵和酶处理等不同的加工技术对牛乳蛋白致敏性的影响和过敏原标记检测方法三个方面进行了综述,为开发低致敏牛乳制品提供借鉴。      

Advances on the molecular characterization,clinical relevance,and detection methods of Gadiform parvalbumin allergens

Gadiform order includes several fish families, from which Gadidae and Merlucciidae are part of, comprising the most commercially important and highly appreciated fish species, such as cod, pollock, haddock, and hake. Parvalbumins, classified as calcium-binding proteins, are considered the main components involved in the majority of fish allergies. Nine and thirteen parvalbumins were identified in different fish species from Gadidae and Merlucciidae families, respectively. This review intends to describe their molecular characterization and the clinical relevance, as well as the prevalence of fish allergy. In addition, the main protein- and DNA-based methods to detect fish allergens are fully reviewed owing to their importance in the safeguard of sensitized/allergic individuals.     

PCR detection of soy ingredients in bread

Bread may contain soy ingredients to variable extends. The nature of this soy may be genetically modified, or the ingredient may cause allergic reactions in sensitive patients. PCR is a powerful tool to detect the presence of soy in food products. Major prerequisite for a PCR analysis is DNA of good quality and quantity. The persistence of soy DNA during bread making was evaluated using different amounts of different soy ingredients. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the samples taken during the baking process reveal that DNA is degraded, but subsequent PCR detection remains possible. Results, however, greatly depend on the type of ingredient and the amount present. Lower detection limits were obtained for full-fat and defatted soybean flours than those for toasted soybean flour and soy fibre samples. Samples taken at different places in the bread, however, reveal that sampling strategy may influence the PCR results.     

中国典型水果过敏原蛋白研究进展

随着我国人民生活水平不断提高,水果消费量也在逐年增加,水果过敏问题因此日益凸显.水果是十大食物过敏来源之一,水果过敏与自身遗传、环境和水果种类等多种因素相关,常和花粉、乳胶发生交叉过敏反应.水果过敏常见的症状有口腔过敏综合症和全身过敏反应.水果过敏发生的主要原因是由于水果中某些蛋白质使患者的免疫系统发生紊乱,属于I型速...     

食品过敏法规及其检测技术现状

近年来,食品过敏越来越受到人们的广泛重视.本文基于国内外大量关于过敏原的文献,归纳了国内外关于过敏原信息标注的法律法规、管理现状,与中国现有的《预包装食品标签通则》比较,提出对应的建议与意见.本文总结了当前国内外各种检测技术的发展现状.经典的聚合酶链式反应法(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)...     

食物过敏原消减研究进展

如今食物过敏是困扰人类健康的一大重要食品安全问题,发病率持续升高,受到全世界的广泛关注。本文简要介绍了食物过敏及其机制,详细分析了近五年相关文献的研究内容,发现这五年文献数保持稳定,各国的研究重点仍集中于八大类主要过敏食物,过敏原的3大类消除方法中以物理化学法的研究最为丰富。因此本文在总体介绍各种消除方法的同时,详细介绍了最常用的4种物理消除方法：热处理、辐照、超声和超高压技术。此外,文中还介绍了消减机制的4种主要研究方法,但如今机制研究还处于初始阶段,尚未得出系统明确的结果,因此相关的深入研究具有良好的前景。可以以体外模拟消化为基础,继续研究消化片段的致敏性变化与构象变化的关系,有针对性的实现过敏原的消除。     

食物中过敏原检测技术研究进展

食物过敏已经成为全球性的食品安全问题,而由其引起的疾病严重影响了人们的正常生活,因此开展食物中过敏原的检测研究显得尤为重要。本文综述当前用于食物中过敏原检测的常见方法和新兴检测技术,并探讨食物中过敏原检测方法的发展前景。