影响低温乳液聚合SIBR反应速率的因素研究

通过在较低温度下的乳液聚合制备出共聚物SIBR,研究影响其聚合速率的因素。结果表明,温度的变化,以及乳化剂、引发剂用量的不同,聚合速率影响较大;而调节剂用量的变化对聚合速率影响较小。     

极性添加剂存在下铝-镍催化体系的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物的氢化反应

采用负离子聚合法合成苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物( SIBR),并对其结构进行了表征;研究了结构调节剂N,N,N＇,N＇-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、二乙二醇二甲醚(2 G)和四氢呋喃(THF)作外加添加剂时,对三异丁基铝(简称Al)/环烷酸镍(简称Ni)体系(A1与Ni的摩尔比为5)催化SIBR氢化反应的影响....     

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶接枝苯乙烯聚合动力学

以自制的4种苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶(SIBR)为增韧组分,采用本体聚合工艺,以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂进行苯乙烯接枝聚合以制备高抗冲聚苯乙烯,考察了用量、相对分子质量及分子链结构不同的SIBR对苯乙烯聚合速率的影响,并比较了用不同橡胶改性聚苯乙烯时的聚合动力学行为。结果表明,SIBR的用量越大聚合速率越小,相对分子质量越大则聚合速率越大;按SIBR分子链序列结构的不同聚合速率还呈现出从大到小依次为线型嵌段SIBR、线型无规SIBR、星形嵌段SIBR及星形无规SIBR的规律。用不同橡胶增韧聚苯乙烯时的聚合速率从大到小依次为SIBR、丁苯橡胶及顺丁橡胶。苯乙烯的表观接枝率随着SIBR用量或其相对分子质量的增大而减小,且远大于使用顺丁橡胶。     

3种星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物的结构与性能

以多官能度锂(简称Li)为引发剂,在不同条件下合成了3种星形苯乙烯(St)-异戊二烯(Ip)-丁二烯(Bd)三元共聚物,分析了共聚物的结构。结果表明,两次投料法的产物为两嵌段共聚物,低R[四氢呋喃(THF)与Li的摩尔比]值合成的聚异戊二烯(PI)链段的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为-58.3℃,1,4-结构为83.8%;高R值合成的无规共聚段的Tg为-36.2℃。低R值一次投料法产物为多嵌段共聚物,-69℃为Bd-Ip无规共聚段的Tg,1,4-结构含量高;22.7℃为Ip-St共聚段的Tg,含摩尔分数为6.6%的PS嵌段。高R值一次投料法的产物为三元无规共聚物,1,4-结构含量低,只有1个Tg,为-28.9℃。     

星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯无规共聚物微观结构的控制

采用多官能度有机锂引发剂一步法合成了星形无规苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物（SIBR）。结果表明,随着极性调节剂用量的增加,共聚物中1,2-PB,3,4-PI结构含量上升,同时共聚组成更加趋于单体组成。在聚合过程中,平均官能度的提高对微观结构含量影响不大。     

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚橡胶及其极性调节剂研究进展

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚橡胶(SIBR)作为一种综合性能良好的新型胎面材料,是未来"绿色轮胎"的发展趋势。在简要论述SIBR的国内外技术研究状况的基础上,着重总结了其以新型极性调节剂为代表的技术研究进展,指出线型长链不对称醚类、烷基四氢呋喃类和二元复合调节体系是目前极性调节剂的发展方向。     

星形杂臂异戊二烯-丁二烯/苯乙烯橡胶的合成与性能

采用异戊二烯聚合-二乙烯基苯(DVB)偶联-再引发丁二烯/苯乙烯聚合的方法合成了具有星形杂臂结构的异戊二烯-丁二烯/苯乙烯橡胶(s-ISBR).结果表明,DVB偶联效率可达60%,通过调节DVB用量可将臂数控制在2.6～6.1.采用四氢呋喃(THF)、1,1,4,7,7-五甲基二乙烯基三胺(PMDETA)或其复合体系可将3.4-PI,1.2-PB摩尔分数分别控制在8%～29% 和11%～65%.s-ISBR具有较高的撕裂强度和低的滚动阻力.     

锡偶联型充油苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物的合成

以正丁基锂为引发剂、环己烷为溶剂、自制的二元复配调节体系为调节剂、四氯化锡为偶联剂,采用负离子聚合法合成了锡偶联型苯乙烯(St)-异戊二烯(Ip)-丁二烯(Bd)三元共聚物(SIBR),并用湿法充油技术制备了充油SIBR,研究了调节剂对SIBR三元共聚动力学的影响,考察了单体配比和微嵌段含量对SIBR及充油SIBR性能的影响,并对比了充油SIBR与3种通用胶(溶聚丁苯橡胶2305、乳聚丁苯橡胶1502和1712)的性能。结果表明,在SIBR三元聚合过程中,不添加调节剂时,Bd、Ip、St的聚合速率依次减慢,且St的聚合速率远小于前两者;在添加复配调节剂后,St的聚合速率大幅度提高,并超过Ip的聚合速率;当St/Ip/Bd(质量比)为20/40/40时,SIBR的300%定伸应力和拉伸强度呈现最大值;当St微嵌段质量分数小于1.0%时,充油SIBR具有良好的物理机械性能及优异的动态力学性能;充油SIBR的物理机械性能基本与3种通用胶相当,抗湿滑性优于3种通用胶,且滚动阻力小于3种通用胶。     

正丁基锂/乙基四氢糠基醚/十二烷基苯磺酸钠体系引发苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚合

以n-BuLi为引发剂、乙基四氢糠基醚（ETE）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）二元复合调节体系为调节剂、己烷/环己烷为混合溶剂,在聚合温度为50 ℃时采用负离子聚合法进行苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯（SIBR）三元共聚合,考察了ETE/n-BuLi（摩尔比）和SDBS/n-BuLi（摩尔比）对SIBR微观结构含量和玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的影响。结果表明,当ETE/n-BuLi从0.5增加到2.0、SDBS/n-BuLi为0.1时,SIBR中聚丁二烯的1,2-结构质量分数和聚异戊二烯的3,4-结构质量分数分别增加了5.4和7.6个百分点,Tg上升了28.84 ℃左右;当SDBS/n-BuLi从0.1增加到0.8、ETE/n-BuLi为0.5时,SIBR中聚丁二烯的1,2-结构含量、聚异戊二烯的3,4-结构含量和Tg变化很小;ETE调节SIBR中聚丁二烯的1,2-结构和聚异戊二烯的3,4-结构的能力远远大于SDBS。     

以双四氢糠丙烷为极性调节剂的苯乙烯/异戊二烯/丁二烯三元共聚动力学

以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,双四氢糠丙烷(DTHFP)为极性调节剂,环己烷为溶剂,采用负离子聚合法合成了线型苯乙烯(St)-异戊二烯(Ip)-丁二烯(Bd)三元共聚物,考察了三元共聚合总反应速率的影响因素,研究了三元共聚合反应动力学,并与传统极性调节剂四氢呋喃(THF)体系进行了比较。结果表明,在单体质量分数为12%,St/Ip/Bd(质量比)为20/40/40,设计单臂相对分子质量为10×104的条件下,随着聚合反应温度的升高或DTHFP/n-BuLi(摩尔比)的增加,总转化率和总反应速率逐渐增大,聚合反应的假一级表观增长反应速率常数增大;表观增长反应活化能和频率因子均随DTHFP/n-BuLi值的增加而减小;DTHFP在用量较小的情况下与较大THF用量的效果相当,促进聚合反应速率的能力明显高于THF。     

影响EBR聚合及其产品质量的因素

通过对兰州石化公司合成橡胶厂50kt/a ABS改造装置EBR单元工业试验的总结,分析了影响EBR聚合及其产品质量的主要因素,从而为全面消化吸收该项技术提供了一定的参考和帮助。     

Scaleup factors of tubular emulsion polymerization reactors

This paper examines the important dimensionless numbers that control emulsion polymerization in a tubular reactor. It was found that the activation energy of polymerization was of major importance, while the role of monomer diffusion was not very significant. By selecting certain combinations of the dimensionless numbers, changes occurring during scaleup from a small tubular diameter to a larger diameter can be approximated.     

Termination rate constant in butyl acrylate batch emulsion polymerization

Summary The kinetics of seeded batch emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (BA) have been investigated at 50°C using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the thermal initiator. The variations in the average number of radicals per particle (ñ) and termination rate constant (k_t) have been determined as a function of conversion for particles of different sizes using established kinetic equations. Contrary to expectations, the values of ñ were found to be unusually high and the values of k_t were found to be very low for all the reactions studied. The high values of ñ are consistent with the low rates of termination. An explanation has been proposed for the low values of k_t based on preliminary computations of the energy barrier for rotation about the terminal C-C bond of the polymer chain end of polybutyl acrylate (PBA).     

醋酸乙烯乳液聚合的影响因素探讨

研究了聚合温度和电解质对醋酸乙烯（ＡＶc)乳液聚合反应的影响,对以聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为保护胶体的系统而言,乳液粘度随聚合温度的升高而增大,随电解质用量的增加而减少。     

Influence of reaction between second monomer and vinyl group of seed polysiloxane on seeded emulsion polymerization

Seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (ST) was carried in the presence of different vinyl‐containing polysiloxane latices (SV‐*) and the core‐shell particles with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PST), as the shells were obtained under different polymerization conditions. Besides the compatibility of the vinyl monomer and its polymer with polysiloxane and the reaction between vinyl monomer with vinyl group of polysiloxane, the content of vinyl group of seed polysiloxane has influence on the morphology and component of the resulted composite particles. The mechanism for the formation of core‐shell structure is discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2752–2758, 2001     

Entry and exit rate coefficients in emulsion polymerization of styrene

The rate coefficient for entry of radicals into the polymer particles and the radical exit rate coefficient were estimated in seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene. The dependence of both coefficients on the particle size was used in an attempt to discriminate between the models proposed for these coefficients. The results obtained were found to be consistent with a model in which the entry of radicals into the polymer particles occurs by the propagational mechanism and the radicals desorb from the polymer particles by diffusion. A comparison between the estimated values of the coefficients and those calculated theoretically using the equations derived from the corresponding mechanisms was performed.     

The dissociation rate coefficient of persulfate in emulsion polymerization systems

The effects of various components in an emulsion polymerization system on the dissociation rate coefficient of persulfate at 50 °C are examined using iodometry. Styrene monomer is found to enhance greatly the dissociation, while there is either no effect or possibly a slightly reduced rate of dissociation with methyl methacrylate monomer. The saturated analogues of these monomers (ethylbenzene and methyl isobutyrate) also enhance the dissociation, although not as much as styrene. Thus, such analogues should not be used as model compounds for determining the effect of a monomer on decomposition rate. The presence of metal parts in the reactor (e.g. as part of the agitation system) also could enhance the dissociation. The accelerations are consistent with literature mechanisms involving transfer reactions of aqueous-phase species. These results have significant implication for the interpretation and prediction of entry efficiencies and particle formation rates in emulsion polymerization systems.     

影响硬丁腈橡胶3604聚合反应速率的因素

采用松香酸皂、油酸皂和萘磺酸钠甲醛(NSF)缩合物为复合乳化体系替代拉开粉热法合成丁腈橡胶3604,在水相pH值为10～12的条件下,考察聚合温度、引发体系、复合乳化剂的用量和配比等因素对聚合反应速率的影响.结果表明,在聚合温度为30℃,过硫酸钾与三乙醇胺的质量比为4.00/1,复合乳化剂中NSF缩合物为0.5份、松香...     

乳液聚合中单体醋酸乙烯酯与保护胶体聚乙烯醇的接枝反应研究

研究了以聚乙烯醇为保护胶体的醋酸乙烯乳液聚合中,聚乙烯醇与单体的接枝反应。探讨了引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、保护胶体聚合度等因素对接枝反应的影响。