废酸、废水处理工艺的优化和改进

废酸、废水处理工艺由废酸硫化处理工序，废水石膏中和处理工序和废水中和氧化工序组成，对此工艺进行了优化和改进，在废酸硫化之前，加入铁屑置换其中的铜离子，将其还原为单质铜加以回收，从而减少了硫化钠的消耗，免去在废水中和氧化工序添加硫酸亚铁，不仅降低了成本，简化了操作，减轻了劳动强度，而且提高了三氧化二砷的回收率和废水达标排放率。     

软锰矿—硫铁矿制取锰盐并产产化学二氧化锰研究

研究了软锰矿和硫铁矿硫酸浸取制备硫酸锰，碳酸锰和化学二氧化锰（CMD）的生产工艺和条件，讨论了原料配比，矿粉粒度，硫酸用量，温度、时间、溶液PH等诸多因素对锰的回收率和产物性能的影响，得到比较成熟的生产工艺条件，产物的纯度大于98％，研究了所得二氧化锰的晶型和放电性能，放电性能已达到了电池材料的使用标准。     

工业烷基苯组份SO3磺化的相对反应性

合在和分离了工业烷基苯组份，例如直链烷基苯的同系物和异构体，支链烷基苯和二烷基四氢化萘等，制备了等摩尔混合物，并确定了他们的磺化反应相对速度，工业链烷基苯（ＬＡＢ）是一种各种同系物和异构体，以及某些少量组份，如支链烷基苯和四氢化萘等组成的混合物，所有这些部分都被分离或合成，并按各种比例制备了混合物，以测定磺化过程中他们的竞争性，作者已完成了这个工作。     

有故事的青春独白——解读大庆炼化公司2007年发展的记忆

这是六段文化故事，这是六个企业发展这点。2007年，大庆炼化公司深入开展了“基层建设年”和“身在大庆学大庆，铁人身边做铁人”主题活动。面对经济化和信息化带来的思维观念上多元裂变，这个公司的团员青年进一步继承和发扬大庆精神和铁人精神，把服务企业、奉献企业的思想和行动，溶入了血液，渗入了骨髓，涌入了心窝，烙下了深深的印记。     

全卤制碱脱氨新工艺的研究与应用

采用氯水脱氨新工艺，较好地消除了氯气中产生三氯化氮和部分氢气的根源。保证了生产和用户安全，且比次氯酸钠法脱投资省，用料少，操作简便，减少了环境污染，获得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。     

山东省硅质矿物综合利用研究及开发实践

山东省地质科学实验研究院从事硅质矿物选矿试验和综合利用开发研究已有40多年的历史，先后开展了磷矿，透辉石、云母，石英，长石，海滨砂、粉煤灰，高岭土，膨润土，硅藻土，电气石等十几种硅质矿物选矿试验和综合利用开发研究，为不同类型的矿山提供了大量翔实可靠的综合利用试验数据和设计依据，取得了一系列研究成果，许多研究成果在生产实践中取得了可观的经济效益和社会效益，对矿山建设，矿产资源保护；环境治理，经济发展等方面起到了积极的作用。     

纺织品染色加工与阳离子试剂（二）

阳离子试剂是一类重要的有机化合物，由于具有阳荷性，与阴离子化合物或阴荷性物质可以发生较强的电性作用。近年来，改善纺织品染色性能，特别是提高染料上染率、固色率和色牢度成为大家关注的一个问题，应用阳离子试剂可以大大改善这些染色性能，但是也存在许多困难。该文系统地介绍了阳离子试剂的结构、类别和性能，分析了它们的结构和功能性的关系，介绍了阳离子试剂用于纤维改性和提高染料染色牢度的作用和理论，为合理选用阳离子试剂提供了理论依据。文章还全面介绍了纤维阳离子改性的工艺，加工方法和主要工艺条件，介绍了染色后固色工艺，指出了合理选用阳离子试剂和加工工艺的重要性。该文最后还展望了阳离子试剂应用前景，特别强调深入进行阳离子试剂的开发、应用理论和工艺研究的重要价值，指出这是一条发展低碳经济，生态染色的有效途径。     

常温高效脱脂除锈二合一工艺与应用

介绍了常温高效脱脂除锈 二合一工艺的配方和脱脂除锈机理，讨论了脱脂除锈 中各组分的作用和工艺参数的影响，对其应用情况（槽液配制方法，工艺流程，槽液管理和质量检验）等进行了说明，总结了该工艺的特点；简单，节能，有利环境保护。     

生物颜色与纺织品染色

本文较系统地介绍了自然界广泛存在的生物颜色，介绍了包括叶绿素，胡萝卜素，靛蓝中间体，黑色素，血红和荧光素等的化学结构和功能，还重点分析了它们在生物体中的状态和稳定性，指出它们和周围分子发生了紧密结合，特别是由脂质组成的分子膜起了重要作用，它可以将极性不同的多种分子结合在一起，这种在自然界的结合状态对染料生产和纺织品染色有重要的启示作用，文章提出了仿生染色的新思路，并结合作者研究的助剂增溶染色，分析了助剂在染色过程中的作用，指出单纯从纤维与染料间的“相似相亲”，应该扩大到纤维，染料和助剂的“相似相亲”，建立这三者的相互作用的体系，从而可以扩大染料的应用面和改进染色。     

环境友好塑料材料的开发应用

从塑料与环保协调发展的角度出发，论述了环境友好塑料材料的定义及研究开发方向，探讨了使塑料材料成为耐用的，好的价格性能比的，易于清洁生产的，可回收利用和可环境消纳的方法和途径。总结了目前国内外降解塑料的开发动态，强调了开发的可环境消纳塑料必须适应垃圾的可堆肥，可焚烧，可降解的综合处理方式，着重介绍了几种可提高降解塑料的降解可控性，彻底性和扩宽应用领域的新技术，首次报道了可环境消纳专用树脂的技术特点和市场前景。     

常用杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨室内活性测定

采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法和保湿叶碟喷雾法分别测定了5种常用杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨成螨的生物活性和2种常用杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨螨卵的生物活性。结果表明,阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨成螨的活性最高,其LC50值为0.020mg/L;噻螨酮对朱砂叶螨卵的活性最高,其EC50值为0.213mg/L。本试验对生产上合理使用农药防治农业害螨有一定的指导意义。     

Role of cucurbitacin C in resistance to spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Cucurbitacins are bitter triterpenoid compounds that are toxic to most organisms and occur widely in wild and cultivated Cucurbitaceae. The only cucurbitacin identified in Cucumis sativus is cucurbitacin C. The bitter taste of cucumber has been correlated with resistance to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, but a quantitative relationship has not been established. We determined the spider mite resistance and cucurbitacin C content in the dihaploid progeny derived from the F₁ generation of a cross between a bitter, spider-mite-resistant cucumber line and a bitter-free, spider-mite-susceptible line. The ratio of the number of bitter to bitter-free dihaploids conformed to the expected 1:1 ratio, based on a monogenic segregation pattern. Genetic analysis ascribed 69% of the variance of the difference in spider mite survival rate to the bitterness locus. Within the group of bitter dihaploids, cucurbitacin C content was significantly correlated with spider mite resistance. Thus, a quantitative relationship between cucurbitacin C content and spider mite resistance could be established.     

Induction of Direct and Indirect Plant Responses by Jasmonic Acid, Low Spider Mite Densities, or a Combination of Jasmonic Acid Treatment and Spider Mite Infestation

Jasmonic acid (JA) and the octadecanoid pathway are involved in both induced direct and induced indirect plant responses. In this study, the herbivorous mite, Tetranychus urticae, and its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis, were given a choice between Lima bean plants induced by JA or spider mites and uninduced control plants. Infestation densities resulting in the induction of predator attractants were much lower than thus far assumed, i.e., predatory mites were significantly attracted to plants that were infested for 2 days with only one or four spider mites per plant. Phytoseiulus persimilis showed a density-dependent response to volatiles from plants that were infested with different numbers of spider mites. Similarly, treating plants with increasing concentrations of JA also led to increased attraction of P. persimilis. Moreover, the duration of spider mite infestation was positively correlated with the proportion of predators that were attracted to mite-infested plants. A pretreatment of the plants with JA followed by a spider mite infestation enhanced the attraction of P. persimilis to plant volatiles compared to attraction to volatiles from plants that were only infested with spider mites and did not receive a pretreatment with JA. The herbivore, T. urticae preferred leaf tissue that previously had been infested with conspecifics to uninfested leaf tissue. In the case of choice tests with JA-induced and control leaf tissue, spider mites slightly preferred control leaf tissue. When spider mites were given a choice between leaf discs induced by JA and leaf discs damaged by spider mite feeding, they preferred the latter. The presence of herbivore induced chemicals and/or spider mite products enhanced settlement of the mites, whereas treatment with JA seemed to impede settlement.     

新杀螨活性化合物JS7119的生物活性研究进展

JS7119属α-氰基-N-苄基吡唑酰胺类化合物,具有杀虫杀螨活性。普筛、初筛、复筛及田间筛选均表明,JS7119对棉花红蜘蛛、柑橘红蜘蛛、茶橙瘿螨等具有良好活性。室内毒力测定表明,浸渍法对棉花红蜘蛛成螨第3d的LC50为43.20mg/L,玻片浸渍法对柑橘红蜘蛛成螨第2d的LC50为5.3440mg/L。盆栽试验表明,JS7119对成螨、若螨、螨卵等均有活性。安徽马鞍山、河南安阳等点试验表明,使用JS7119有效成份75～150g/hm2时,防治棉花红蜘蛛3～7d的防效为80%～98%。重庆试验点表明,当JS7119使用剂量为100～400mg/L时,防治柑橘红蜘蛛3～30d的防效为92%～99%。杭州试验点表明,当JS7119使用剂量为75～300g/hm2时,防治茶橙瘿螨的3～7d防效为68%～78%。JS7119的生物活性研究为合理评价和研究开发提供了依据。     

阿维菌素对几种果树害虫的毒力测定与安全性评价

利用果树害虫桃小食心虫、山楂叶螨、苹果黄蚜、梨木虱和金纹细蛾进行阿维菌素的毒力测定,按照阿维菌素对哺乳动物的急性经口毒性及对不同害虫的室内生物活性比值计算出药剂的安全指数,并分析阿维菌素适宜防治的害虫种类。通过分析认为,阿维菌素最适于防治山楂叶螨和梨木虱,其次为金纹细蛾、苹果黄蚜,不提倡使用阿维菌素防治桃小食心虫。通过横向分析比较,对于高效利用阿维菌素,减低药剂中毒风险和延缓抗药性有一定的作用。     

Herbivore-Induced Extrafloral Nectar Production in Lima Bean Plants Enhanced by Previous Exposure to Volatiles from Infested Conspecifics

In response to herbivory by spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), lima bean plants produced significantly greater quantities of extrafloral nectar (EFN) than intact conspecific plants. Moreover, EFN amounts of infested plants depended on exposure to odor of infested neighbor plants. Two d after spider mite infestation, a test plant produced more EFN when exposed prior to infestation to volatiles from infested neighbor plants than when exposed to volatiles from uninfested conspecific plants. However, this effect was only detectable 2 d after spider mite infestation and vanished 4 d after infestation. These results suggest that EFN production is enhanced during the earlier stages of damage by T. urticae in response to previous exposure to volatiles from infested neighbor plants.     

几种高效杀虫杀螨剂的室内毒力测定

以二化螟、小菜蛾、棉铃虫、棉红蜘蛛等为生测靶标，分别测试了阿维菌素、氟虫腈、溴虫腈、RH5992、对照药剂等的相对毒力。阿维菌素对测试的四个靶标均表现最高活性，氟虫腈对二化螟、小菜蛾表现高活性，溴虫腈对棉红蜘蛛、小菜蛾表现高活性，RH5992对二化螟、小菜蛾、棉铃虫表现高活性。     

Change in Behavioral Response to Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles in a Predatory Mite Population

Damage by herbivorous spider mites induces plants to produce volatiles that attract predatory mites that consume the spider mites. A clear attraction to volatiles from Lima bean plants infested with the spider mite Tetranychus urticae has been consistently reported during more than 15 years for the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We have monitored the response to volatiles from spider-mite infested Lima bean plants for a laboratory population of the predatory mite from 1991 to 1995 on a regular basis. A reduction in the level of attraction in the laboratory population of P. persimilis was recorded in mid-1992. The attraction of the laboratory population was weaker than that of a commercial population in the latter part of 1992, but the responses of these two populations were similarly weak in 1994 and 1995. Therefore, a behavioral change has also occurred in this commercial population. Experiments were carried out to address the potential causes of this change in attraction. The attraction of predators from a commercial population with a strong response decreased after being reared in our laboratory. Within a predator population with a low degree of attraction, strongly responding predators were present and they could be isolated on the basis of their behavior: predators that stayed on spider-mite infested plants in the rearing set-up had a strong attraction, while predators that had dispersed from the rearing set-up were not attracted to prey-infested bean plants. From our laboratory population with a low degree of attraction, isofemale lines were initiated and maintained for more than 20 generations. All isofemale lines exhibited a consistently strong attraction to spider mite-induced plant volatiles, similar to the attraction recorded for several populations in the past 15 years. Neither in a population with a strong attraction nor in two with a weak attraction was the response of the predators affected by a starvation period of 1–3 hr. Based on these results, possible causes for the observed reduction in predator attraction to spider mite-induced bean volatiles are discussed. The predatory mite P. persimilis is a cornerstone of biological control in many crops worldwide. Therefore, the change in foraging behavior recorded in this predator may have serious consequences for biological control of spider mites.     

Polymorphism in Plant Defense Against Herbivory: Constitutive and Induced Resistance in Cucumis sativus

Theory predicts that plant resistance to herbivores is determined by both genetic and environmentally induced components. In this study, we demonstrate that the phenotypic expression of plant resistance to spider mite herbivory in Cucumis sativus is determined by genetic and environmental factors and that there is an interaction between these factors. Previous feeding by spider mites induced systemic resistance to subsequent attack over several spatial scales within plants, reducing the population growth of mites compared to that on control plants. Effects of induction were effective locally over the short term, but resulted in local increased susceptibility to spider mite attack after several days. However, this local induced susceptibility on the damaged leaf was associated with induced resistance on newer leaves. Induced resistance was correlated with increases in cucurbitacin content of leaves, but was not associated with changes in the density of leaf trichomes. Induced resistance to herbivory was not detected in plants of a genotype lacking constitutive expression of cucurbitacins, which were in general highly susceptibile to mite attack. Allocation trade-offs between growth and defense are often invoked to explain the maintenance of variation in the levels of plant resistance. Contrary to current thinking, neither constitutive nor herbivore-induced plant resistance were associated with reductions in plant allocation to root and shoot growth. However, plants that had high levels of induced resistance to spider mites were the most susceptible to attack by a specialist beetle. Such ecological trade-offs between resistance to generalist herbivores and susceptibility to specialist herbivores may be important in the maintenance of variation of plant resistance traits. In summary, C. sativus exhibits strong genetic variation for constitutive and induced resistance to spider mites, and this variation in resistance is associated with ecological trade-offs.