单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊智能控制研究

提出单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊方法,采用特定的连接方法独立控制通过焊丝与基材的电流;引用逆向求解算法;搭建用来描述焊接过程中参数变化的数学模型。由于熔化母材的焊接电流易在主路电流和其他焊接条件变化时产生波动,提出利用改变旁路送丝速度调节旁路焊丝的熔化电流,实现控制母材电流的控制方案并进行仿真与试验。试验结果表明:单焊接电源的双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊能够同时兼顾高熔敷率与基材低热输入的焊接;搭建的数学模型能够描述不同焊接参数的变化;利用提出的智能控制方案及算法,有效地解决了母材焊接电流易波动的问题,达到了焊接过程稳定性的控制,同时得到了成形良好的焊缝。     

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊双变量解耦控制模拟与试验分析

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊是一种新型、高效的焊接方法。针对其在开环条件下焊接过程不稳定、焊缝成形差的问题,提出通过旁路送丝速度控制旁路弧长从而保证焊接过程稳定性、通过控制旁路电流调节流经母材电流的双变量解耦控制方案并进行模拟与分析。在此基础上,采用快速原型控制系统,设计双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊试验系统并进行双变量解耦控制焊接试验。结果表明,双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊双变量解耦控制方案可以有效地保证焊接过程与流经母材电流的稳定,与模拟结果基本一致;并且由于采用解耦算法,控制过程稳定性更好、响应速度更快、精度更高,并得到成形良好的焊缝,焊接过程飞溅也较小。     

双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺

在介绍了双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊(双丝旁路耦合电弧(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW))高效焊接工艺原理的基础之上,采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统,进行双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高速焊接工艺试验,测量双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW母材热输入,分析双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺机理,并对双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺方法进行改进,进一步研究混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW及其熔滴过渡行为,且开发出单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW。研究表明:采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统使双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW焊接过程稳定性更好、精确度更高且响应速度更快;旁路分流是实现高效焊接的同时降低母材热输入的关键;采用混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能进一步提高焊接过程稳定性,单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能形成良好的焊缝成形,且设备成本低。     

基于旁路耦合电弧的铝钢MIG熔钎焊研究

实现铝钢良好连接的关键是有效控制焊接热输入,尽量降低中间层铝铁金属间化合物的厚度,一般认为中间层金属间化合物厚度小于10μm时铝钢接头质量良好。提出旁路耦合电弧熔钎焊方法,通过调节旁路电弧电流的大小来控制焊接热输入。在优化控制系统和工艺参数的基础上采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊方法将铝镁合金ER5356堆焊到304不锈钢板上,获得结合良好的焊缝。对焊接接头进行扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、能量色散光谱仪(Energy dispersive spectrometry,EDS)分析,结果表明:铝与不锈钢焊接接头中间层金属间化合物平均厚度约为8μm,小于10μm的临界厚度;脉冲旁路耦合电弧焊方法能够实现铝钢的连接,是一种新型低成本低热输入电弧焊方法。     

双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊过程模拟及控制

采用等效电流路径的方法建立双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊耦合电弧的动态数学模型,模拟表征焊接过程稳定性的电流、净干伸长信号的变化,得到与实际焊接过程相似的模拟结果。在此基础上,针对焊接过程中耦合电弧形态的剧烈变化会影响焊接过程稳定性与焊接质量的问题,提出通过调节旁路弧长控制耦合电弧稳定性的方案,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件和xPC-target快速原型控制平台,对控制方案进行模拟、分析、预测与试验。结果表明:所建立的数学动态模型能很好地反映双丝旁路耦合电弧高效GMAW焊接过程;模拟分析旁路弧长控制方案可以有效地解决焊接过程稳定性的问题;控制试验实现了焊接过程的稳定控制并获得了成形良好的焊缝形貌,验证了模拟阶段的分析与预测。     

脉冲DE-GMAW过程熔滴受力分析及电流波形设计研究

针对为了实现铝-钢高效高质量的连接,提出一种高效低热输入的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW)方法。为了使其焊接过程熔滴平稳过渡,分析旁路电弧对熔滴过渡时电流密度的影响,确定脉冲DE-GMAW熔滴过渡时电磁力的作用机制,在主路为脉冲电流情况下,分别设计旁路波形与主路组合形式即为恒定电流、交替脉冲电流和同步脉冲电流三种形式的研究,并使用高速摄像拍摄熔滴过渡图像,进行对比分析试验验证。结果表明,焊接电流波形及组合形式不同会导致作用于焊接熔滴的受力发生改变,从而使得焊接过程的稳定性与焊接质量也发生变化,对比分析得出采用同步脉冲电流时的脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊焊接过程稳定、熔滴过渡均匀一致且焊缝成形平整美观。     

基于视觉反馈的铝合金脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG焊过程熔宽控制

文章针对脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊（melt inert-gas welding,MIG焊）焊缝的熔宽控制问题,利用工业摄像机（CCD）高速拍摄获得的焊缝熔宽视觉传感信号作为输入变量,控制输出变量焊机送丝速度进行焊接过程。通过采用LabVIEW组态软件作为上位机软件,设计使用增量式PID控制器,建立了铝合金脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊控制平台,在此基础上利用图像视觉传感技术以及相应的图像处理算法,采用补偿解耦的方式进行4mm的铝合金钢板的焊接试验。结果表明：采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护焊的方式,利用视觉信号为反馈量,送丝速度为控制量的控制策略可以实现焊接过程熔宽的实时控制,并保证了焊接过程的稳定和焊缝成型的美观度。     

双旁路耦合电弧铝合金MIG焊熔滴过渡形态研究

提出双旁路耦合电弧熔化极惰性气体保护(Dual bypass metal inert-gas,DB-MIG)电弧焊方法并建立试验系统.该方法以传统熔化极惰性气体保护焊接电弧为主弧,引入两路对称的电流可控的非熔化极旁路电弧并与主弧形成耦合电弧进行焊接.由于旁路电弧的分流作用,在保持较高焊丝熔化电流的同时可有效降低母材输入电流,并且旁路电弧力的作用对熔滴过渡也有显著的影响.设计专用的窄带滤光系统,实现无激光背光的焊接熔滴过渡行为的高速摄像,获得不同旁路电流参数条件下的铝合金DB-MIG焊熔滴过渡的高速摄影图像并进行分析.试验结果表明总电流恒定的情况下,熔滴过渡形态随旁路电弧电流参数改变而改变.对DB-MIG焊条件下作用于熔滴上的电弧力的分布进行理论分析,解释试验现象,理论分析和研究表明双旁路耦合电弧可以促进熔滴过渡并可显著降低喷射过渡的临界电流.     

铝合金/钢异种材料熔钎焊接工艺及其研究现状*

铝合金/钢复合结构以具有重量轻、综合性能高等优势在汽车、航空航天、石油石化、电力、船舶等行业具有广泛的应用前景。但二者之间巨大的理化性能差异,使铝合金/钢板异种金属的焊接仍然存在诸多问题。熔钎焊接工艺是基于母材之间存在的熔点差异,通过精确控制焊接热输入,在确保高熔点母材不熔化的前提下,让低熔点母材和填充金属熔化形成熔焊接头,并与未熔化的高熔点母材形成钎焊连接接头,是适合铝合金/钢复合结构优质高效制备的合适焊接工艺。通过对国内外对铝合金/钢熔钎焊接工艺、接头组织性能调控等方面研究现状的综合评述,讨论了铝合金/钢熔钎焊接技术存在的问题,并对铝合金/钢熔钎焊接技术工程化应用所采取的措施进行阐述。     

6061铝合金/Q235镀锌钢冷金属过渡熔钎焊接头的显微组织及拉伸性能

采用冷金属过渡(CMT)熔钎焊工艺对6061铝合金和Q235镀锌钢异种材料进行了对接焊,并对焊接接头的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明:焊接接头表面成形质量良好;焊接接头由熔化区、热影响区和界面层等3部分构成;熔化区组织由α-Al固溶体和铝硅共晶组织组成,热影响区组织较母材的发生了粗化,界面层形成了金属间化合物(IMCs),界面层厚度约为8μm,且界面层向熔化区单向生长;6061铝合金母材侧的焊接热影响区的硬度最低(42HV),界面层的硬度最高(365HV);对接接头的抗拉强度为161 MPa,约为6061铝合金的0.69倍,抗拉强度明显高于搭接接头的。     

A novel DE-GMAW method to weld steel tubes on simplified condition

A novel double-electrode gas metal arc welding method to weld steel tubes was investigated in this paper. The new method combines two welding torches and current sensors with welding position and angel design. In addition, a new control system was designed to improve the quality of welding seams. Experiments showed that different positions of main torch and bypass torch had different influence on welding quality. With bypass arc voltage at 35?V and suitable main welding feeder speed (WFS) at 10.2?m/min (400?in/min, 195?A), double arcs were ignited well and metal transfer was in spray mode. When the bypass WFS was at 8.9?m/min (350?in/min, 195?amps), welding seam formation and welding seam penetration were good. High-speed photos had been provided to prove the experimental results.     

Prevention of humping bead associated with high welding speed by double-electrode gas metal arc welding

Manufacturing productivity can be improved by increasing the welding speed. However, humping bead will occur when welding speed is beyond a certain value. An experimental system of double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) was developed to implement high speed welding and prevent from humping bead formation. The DE-GMAW appropriately partition the heat energy between the wire and the base metal so that higher deposition rate of filler wire and suitable shape and size of weld pool are ensured. The arc images captured during DE-GMAW process were used to optimize the geometric parameters between the gas tungsten arc welding and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) torches. The main arc and bypass arc integrated well and satisfactory weld bead formation was obtained. Through observing the weld pool behaviors from side view during DE-GMAW process, it was found that the height of both solidified and molten region at the pool tail is almost flat so that no humping bead was formed during DE-GMAW with the welding speed up to 1.7?m/min. The side view images of weld pool in DE-GMAW were compared with those in conventional GMAW, and the reason why DE-GMAW can suppress humping bead is shortly discussed.     

基于周期平均值外特性的脉冲MIG焊弧长稳定性研究

通过对脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert gas,MIG)焊脉冲平均电流电压变化率的计算,提出脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线,并对弧焊电源脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线和电弧静态性曲线的动态稳定工作点进行详细分析,得出利用脉冲平均值外特性控制脉冲MIG焊的控制策略。同时运用双闭环控制实现了基于弧压反馈的I/I模式控制数字化弧焊电源,此电源能在送丝速度稳定情况下自适应弧长扰动变化,实现脉冲弧焊过程一脉一滴熔滴过渡。通过弧长阶跃试验表明,脉冲弧焊过程中焊丝熔化速度快速跟踪弧长变化,具有良好的弧长动态调节性能,保持弧长动态稳定,即焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形良好,同时验证了分析过程正确性和设计过程的可行性。     

考虑金属蒸汽的定点活性钨极惰性气体保护焊电弧与熔池交互作用三维数值分析

建立包括钨极、电弧和阳极的定点活性钨极惰性气体保护(Activating tungsten inert gas,A-TIG)焊电弧熔池交互作用统一数学模型。通过麦克斯韦方程组、连续性方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程和组分输运方程的耦合求解,得到了电弧和熔池的温度、等离子体运动速度、熔池流动速度、电弧压力、电势、电流密度和金属蒸汽分布等结果。因为在A-TIG焊中,熔池的内向流动造成了大量的热被传入到熔池底部,热量的利用率更高,导致焊接熔池的表面温度比TIG焊的表面温度要高,从而引起了金属蒸汽浓度的增加,所以考虑金属蒸汽的A-TIG焊的电弧等温线较考虑金属蒸汽的TIG焊的电弧等温线有一定程度收缩。结果表明,考虑金属蒸汽对A-TIG焊熔深的模拟结果具有一定的影响,熔深减小约6%,该结果与有关试验研究结果吻合良好。     

Multisensor-based monitoring of weld deposition and plate distortion for various torch angles in pulsed MIG welding

Manufacturing companies often fail to maintain good weld quality due to poor arc stability and distortion after welding. Weld quality can be improved by reducing the transverse shrinkage and the angular distortion in butt welding. The welding deposition efficiency is also an important economic factor. In this work, various pulse voltage parameters have been varied along with welding torch angle in pulsed metal inert gas (P-MIG) welding. The experimental results revealed that the peak voltage is the dominant pulse voltage parameter. Various sensors were also used to monitor arc current, arc voltage, arc sound, and also weld temperature. A strong relationship between arc sound (as well as arc power) and transverse distortion (as well as metal deposition) was found to exist in P-MIG welding. The frequency domain features of welding arc sound were also extracted and correlated to the process characteristics.     

Effects of Active Gases on Droplet Transfer and Weld Morphology in Pulsed-Current NG-GMAW of Mild Steel

The current research of narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) primarily focuses on improving the sidewall fusion and avoiding the lack-of-fusion defect.However,the high cost and operation difficulty of the methods limit the industrial application.in this study,small amount of active gases CO2 and O2 were added into pure argon inert shield-ing gas to improve the weld formation of pulsed-current narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) of mild steel.Their effects on droplet transfer and arc behavior were investigated.A high-speed visual sensing system was utilized to observe the metal transfer process and arc morphology.When the proportion Of CO2,being added into the pure argon shielding gas,changes from 5％ to 25％,the metal transfer mode changes from pulsed spray streaming transfer to pulsed projected spray transfer,while it remains the pulsed spray streaming transfer when 2％ to 10％ O2 is added.Both CO2 and O2 are favorable to stabilizing arc and welding process.O2 is even more effective than CO2.However,O2 is more likely to cause slags on the weld surface,while CO2 can improve the weld appearance in some sense.The weld surface concavity in NG-GMAW is greatly influenced by the addition of active gas,but the weld width and weld penetration almost keep constant.This study proposes a new method which is beneficial to improving the weld bead formation and welding process stability.