一位“笔杆子”的辛勤从业史 一部提升写作水平的启示录——王一端新作《“笔杆子”碎语》出版

写作就是写文章。笔杆子是写作的工具,特定条件下代指写作的人。写作的应用十分广泛。从群体讲,党、政、军、企、社会、科学、经济、艺术,都离不开写作;从个体讲,公务员、编辑、记者、著译人员、研究人员、教师、学生、商人,也离不开写作。坐机关的,更离不开写作。     

最近国产胶木粉工业概况

一胶木用品之扩展于民国二十三年,外货胶木粉开始输入,国人即创设胶木工厂,压制各种胶木用品。当时仅有压机工厂数所,创制胶木碗、匙、杯、盆、皂盒、及电灯开关、灯头等。后因出品美观,轻便实用,颇受社会欢迎,畅销全国。故胶木工厂,续有开设。制品种类,日新月异,应用场所,普及各界。如纺织厂、兵工厂、热水瓶厂、文具厂、医疗器械厂、钢精制品厂、软管厂、玻璃厂、制药厂、化妆品厂等之附属材料、与电工器材、电信器材、民用纽扣、军用纽扣等,其应用范围之广,日在扩展之中,所以最近已属国内重要工业之一种矣。     

胡椒薄荷及其栽培

前言胡椒薄荷,学名 Mentha,piperita L,别名欧洲薄荷、椒样薄荷。原产欧洲。生产上有青茎种和紫茎种。美国、苏联、保加利亚、意大利、摩洛哥、印度等国均有栽培。我国于1959年从苏联、保加利亚引进。现河北、江苏、浙江、安徽等地有少量栽培。胡椒薄荷油,主要用于牙膏、糖果、酒的加香,也用于嗽口剂、止咳糖、驱风药物中。     

美羊羊与灰太狼

材料：皮肤布,填充棉,白色毛线。粉色、白色短毛绒．灰色鹿皮绒,白色羊羔绒,白色、黑色、棕色、黄色格纹棉布。白色毛巾布,粉色、橘色、棕色、黄色不织布,白色、灰色长毛绒。棉绳,卡其色帆布,制作图纸。     

美羊羊与灰太狼

材料：皮肤布,填充棉,白色毛线。粉色、白色短毛绒．灰色鹿皮绒,白色羊羔绒,白色、黑色、棕色、黄色格纹棉布。白色毛巾布,粉色、橘色、棕色、黄色不织布,白色、灰色长毛绒。棉绳,卡其色帆布,制作图纸。     

真、善、美的使者

珠宝从业人员,向人们宣传、介绍珠宝知识 ,研究、设计、制作、销售各种美丽的珠宝首饰,所以被现代的人们誉为：真、善、美的使者。 宝石 ,聚日、月、星、辰的华彩 ;玉石,汇天、地、山、川之灵秀。珠宝是大自然的精华。宝石闪光,宛如夏夜天穹的繁星。玉石玲珑剔透,恰似人间仙境水晶宫。珠宝晶莹、美丽、稀少、珍贵,珠宝首饰是美中之美。佩戴珠宝首饰能美化人的生活、能显示人们的地位、能使人精神愉快,工作时能有充沛的精力。 自古以来,珠宝就被人类用来美化生活,古代,由于人类生产水平所限,绝大多数人首先是为了生存而劳动。奴隶或平民即使有珠宝,也要献给或进贡给统治者。所以稀少、美丽、珍贵的珠宝在古代只有极少数的酋长、皇帝、王公、贵族等才能拥有。     

丁二烯生产应用与技术进展

一、性质与用途 丁二烯。通常指1,3-丁二烯,又称乙烯基乙烯,分子式C4H6,无色气体。熔点108．9℃,沸点4．41℃,微溶于水和醇。易溶于苯、甲苯、乙醚、氯仿、四氯化碳、汽油、无水乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、糠醛、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吗啉等有机溶剂。有轻微的大蒜味,易液化,易燃,聚合。贮存时可加少量（1％以下）叔丁基邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、混甲酚、二芳基胺基化合物等作稳定剂。     

潮州卫生洁具呈现五大格局

潮州卫生洁具经过近些年的不断发展,已成为全国最大的卫生洁具生产基地,其卫生洁具呈现出以下五大格局。 一、装饰性。厂家根据客户需要,不仅仅满足于材料选配,且以品种齐全著称。潮州卫生洁具以乳白釉为主,其它颜色相配套,淡杏、嫩竹、南瓜黄、酒瓶绿、粉红、粉蓝、深红、茶粟、深蓝、黑色等等。二、配套性。潮州的原料、色釉、模具、纸箱、配件等企业300多家,     

从印度到中土的刷牙史

古印度僧人集体出行,随身常带十八样东西。哪十八样？齿木、澡豆、三衣、钵、瓶、坐具、锡杖、香炉、滤水囊、毛巾、小刀、火燧、镊子、绳床、经卷、戒本、佛像、菩萨像是也。澡豆类似香皂,用来洗脸。三衣指袈裟。钵用来盛饭。瓶用来盛水。坐具是一种长方形的布,能躺能卧。锡杖是顶端带环的棍子,用来驱赶毒蛇和猛兽,化缘的时候摇动起来,哗啦啦地响,提醒施主预备饭菜。香炉当然是焚香用的,僧人们走路走累了,就放下香炉,焚上香,挨个从炉子上跨过去,把汗味儿熏跑。     

清代陶瓷特征

清代自努尔哈赤称帝至末帝溥仪,共历经天命、天聪、顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统十二帝,统治全国268年;1616年,努尔哈赤建立后金。1636年,皇太极改国号为清。1644年,清朝定都北京。1912年(中华民国元年)1月1日,中华民国宣告成立。同年2月12日,清宣统帝正式下诏退位,清朝灭亡。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。