碳化硅纳米线增强多孔碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的制备

构建多孔碳化硅纳米线(SiCNWs)网络并控制化学气相渗透(CVI)过程,可设计并获得轻质、高强度和低导热率SiC复合材料。首先将SiCNWs和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合,制备具有最佳体积分数(15.6%)和均匀孔隙结构的SiCNWs网络;通过控制CVI参数获得具有小而均匀孔隙结构的SiCNWs增强多孔SiC(SiCNWs/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料。SiC基体形貌受沉积参数(如温度和反应气体浓度)的影响,从球状颗粒向六棱锥颗粒形状转变。SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的孔隙率为38.9%时,强度达到(194.3±21.3) MPa,导热系数为(1.9 ± 0.1) W/(m∙K),显示出增韧效果,并具有低导热系数。     

Enhanced thermal conductivity and retained electrical insulation for polyimide composites with SiC nanowires grown on graphene hybrid fillers

Polyimide (PI) composites containing one-dimensional SiC nanowires grown on two-dimensional graphene sheets (1D–2D SiC_NWs-GSs) hybrid fillers were successfully prepared. The PI/SiC_NWs-GSs composites synchronously exhibited high thermal conductivity and retained electrical insulation. Moreover, the heat conducting properties of PI/SiC_NWs-GSs films present well reproducibility within the temperature range from 25 to 175 °C. The maximum value of thermal conductivity of PI composite is 0.577 W/mK with 7 wt% fillers loading, increased by 138% in comparison with that of the neat PI. The 1D SiC nanowires grown on the GSs surface prevent the GSs contacting with each other in the PI matrix to retain electrical insulation of PI composites. In addition, the storage modulus and Young’s modulus of PI composites are remarkably improved in comparison with that of the neat PI.     

三维碳化硅纳米线增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

碳化硅纳米线具有优异的电磁吸收性能, 三维网络结构可以更好地使电磁波在空间内被多次反射和吸收。通过抽滤的方法制备得到体积分数20%交错排列的碳化硅纳米线网络预制体。然后采用化学气相渗透工艺制备热解炭界面和碳化硅基体, 并通过化学气相渗透和前驱体浸渍热解工艺得到致密的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料。甲烷和三氯甲基硅烷分别是热解炭和碳化硅的前驱体, 随着热解碳质量分数从21.3%增加到29.5%, 多孔SiCNWs预制体电磁屏蔽效率均值在8~12 GHz (X)波段从9.2 dB增加到64.1 dB。质量增重13%的热解碳界面修饰的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在X波段平均电磁屏蔽效率达到37.8 dB电磁屏蔽性能。结果显示, SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在新一代军事电磁屏蔽材料中具有潜在应用前景。     

Sandwiched epoxy–alumina composites with synergistically enhanced thermal conductivity and breakdown strength

Development of polymer-based composites with simultaneously high thermal conductivity and breakdown strength has attracted considerable attentions owing to their important applications in both electronic and electric industries. In this study, we successfully design novel epoxy-based composites with nano-Al₂O₃/epoxy composite layer sandwiched between micro-Al₂O₃/epoxy composite layers, which show synergistically and significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and breakdown strength. Compared with the traditional composites, the bottleneck that both thermal conductivity and breakdown strength cannot be simultaneously enhanced can be overcome successfully. An optimized sandwiched alumina–epoxy composite with 70 wt% micro-Al₂O₃ fillers in the outer layers and 3 wt% nano-Al₂O₃ in the middle layer simultaneously displays a high thermal conductivity of 0.447 W m^?1 K^?1 (2.4 times of that of epoxy) and a high breakdown strength of 68.50 kV mm^?1, which is 6.3 % higher than that of neat epoxy (64.45 kV mm^?1). The experimental results on the thermal conductivity of multi-layered alumina–epoxy composites were in well accordance with the theoretical values predicted from the series conduction model. This novel technique simultaneously improves thermal conductivity and breakdown strength, which is of critical importance for design of perspective composites for electronic and electric equipments.     

Thermal shock behavior of nano-sized SiC particulate reinforced AlON composites

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been considered as a potential ceramic material for high-performance structural and advanced refractory applications. Thermal shock resistance is a major concern and an important performance index of high-temperature ceramics. While silicon carbide (SiC) particles have been proven to improve mechanical properties of AlON ceramic, the high-temperature thermal shock behavior was unknown. The aim of this investigation was to identify the thermal shock resistance and underlying mechanisms of AlON ceramic and 8 wt% SiC–AlON composites over a temperature range between 175 °C and 275 °C. The residual strength and Young's modulus after thermal shock decreased with increasing quenching temperature and thermal shock times due to large temperature gradients and thermal stresses caused by abrupt water-quenching. A linear relationship between the residual strength and thermal shock times was observed in both pure AlON and SiC–AlON composites. The addition of nano-sized SiC particles increased both residual strength and critical temperature from 200 °C in the monolithic AlON to 225 °C in the SiC–AlON composites due to the toughening effect, the lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity of SiC. The enhancement of the thermal shock resistance in the SiC–AlON composites was directly related to the change of fracture mode from intergranular cracking along with cleavage-type fracture in the AlON to a rougher fracture surface with ridge-like characteristics, crack deflection, and crack branching in the SiC–AlON composites.     

Microstructural evaluation of thermally fatigued SiC-reinforced Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> matrix composites

Using the water-quenching technique, the thermal fatigue behaviour of an alumina/zirconia and platelets- and particulates-SiC reinforced alumina/zirconia matrix composites hot-pressed at 1500 and 1700^∘C has been studied. The addition of 10 wt% SiC either in the form of platelets or particulates can obviously improve the thermal fatigue resistance of alumina/zirconia composites. The damages present after 40 thermal fatigue cycles in the composites was illustrated by the microstructure examinations and EDX.     

SiC颗粒-SiC晶须混杂填料/双马来酰亚胺树脂导热复合材料的制备与性能

以双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)为树脂基体,二烯丙基双酚A(DABA)为增韧剂,γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)表面改性的SiC颗粒-SiC晶须(SiCP-SiCW)为复配导热填料,浇注成型制备SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料,分析研究SiC形状、用量、质量比及表面改性对SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料的导热性能、介电性能、力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当改性SiC_P-SiC_W用量为40wt%且SiC_P∶SiC_W质量比为1∶3时,SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料具有最佳的综合性能,导热系数λ为1.125W(m·K)~(-1),介电常数ε为4.12,5%热失重温度为427℃。     

Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of silicone polymer by incorporating functionalized graphene oxide

Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was produced by reacting graphene oxide nanosheets with vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTMS). The results confirmed the attachment of VTMS molecules to the surface of GO sheets by Si–O–C bonding. The introduction of VTMS molecules led to an excellent dispersibility in tetrahydrofuran and to the complete exfoliation of FGO with a thickness of about 1.19 nm. Meanwhile, FGO/silicone polymer composites were prepared by solution blending method. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% of FGO in silicone polymer improved remarkably the thermal stability, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity of the silicone polymer composite, due to the homogeneous dispersion of FGO in the composites as well as to the strong interfacial adhesion with silicone polymer matrix. Tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the FGO/silicone polymer composite were increased by 95.6 and 78.3 %, respectively, with the addition of 0.5 wt% FGO. The 5 % weight loss temperature of the composite at 0.5 wt% FGO loading was detected 26.1 °C higher than that of silicone polymer.     

Utilization of Chemically Synthesized Fine Powders of SiC/Al2O3 Composites for Sintering

Fine powders of (Al₂O₃)_100–x(SiC)_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 50) composites were prepared by chemical route (named as pyrophoric technique) to achieve a uniform mixture of SiC in an alumina matrix. The chemically synthesized fine SiC/Al₂O₃ composite powders were sintered to form composites at 1450°C which is well below the sintering temperature of SiC. Sintering was performed in an argon atmosphere. Highly dense SiC/Al₂O₃ microstructures were achieved. An improvement in bulk density and hardness has been achieved for SiC/Al₂O₃ composites with 20 wt% of SiC. Hexagonal-shaped grains have been obtained in (Al₂O₃)₅₀(SiC)₅₀ composite with well-connected grain boundaries. The peak position of alumina in SiC/Al₂O₃ composites shifts toward lower wavenumbers in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and higher wavenumbers in Raman spectroscopy due to the incorporation of SiC in the composites. The optical band gap decreases with the addition of SiC and the composite behaves more like a semiconductor rather than an insulator. These properties make SiC/Al₂O₃ composites attractive for various industrial applications.     

Oxidation behaviour of alumina–silicon carbide nanocomposites

Oxidation studies were conducted on Al₂O₂–SiC nanocomposites at 1400 °C. The composites were prepared by hot-pressing mixtures of commercial alumina and ultrafine SiC powders, in amounts of 5, 15 and 30 vol %. Linear kinetics were detected for the oxidation of composites containing 5 vol % SiC. Two stages were observed in composites containing 15 vol % SiC: the first linear and the second presumably parabolic. A parabolic behaviour was observed in the sample containing 30 vol % SiC. The oxidation rates were several orders of magnitude higher than those of monolithic SiC and the observed data were not consistent with the expected increase in weight associated with the oxidation reaction of SiC to SiO₂; in fact the most surprising feature is that the sample containing 30 vol % SiC showed a better oxidation resistance than samples containing 5 and 15 vol % SiC. The reaction products were alumina and mullite in samples with 5 and 15 vol % SiC, while mullite and silica were found on the oxidized surface of samples containing 30 vol % SiC. Explanations are given of the influence of the oxidizable phase amount, the presence of impurities, reaction product structure and composition.     

Solution-processed Ni–CNTs filled ferroelectric P(VDF–TrFE) composites with improved dielectric properties and thermal conductivity

Dielectric composites made using two kinds of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE)] (70/30 and 80/20 mol%) as polymer matrices and nickel particles coated carbon nanotubes (Ni–CNTs) as filler were developed via solution-processed method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated good compatibility and dispersion of Ni–CNTs in the P(VDF–TrFE) matrix. Ni–CNTs/P(VDF–TrFE) composites exhibited high dielectric constants with low dielectric losses. The maximum dielectric constants of Ni–CNTs/P(VDF–TrFE) composites of 198 and 185 at 100 Hz were obtained at 18.0 wt% Ni–CNTs loading, respectively. The incorporation of Ni–CNTs in the P(VDF–TrFE) matrix resulted in enhanced thermal conductivity. The highest values, obtained at 18.0 wt% Ni–CNTs loading, were 1.05 and 1.03 W/m K, respectively. Although there were no very obvious difference, the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of Ni–CNTs/P(VDF–TrFE) 70/30 mol% composites were slightly better to those of Ni–CNTs/P(VDF–TrFE) 80/20 mol% composites in many cases. The aforementioned results suggest that these high-performance composites hold great promise for application in electrical and electronic field.     

Microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites prepared by pressureless infiltration

In this paper, SiCp/Al composites with high reinforcement content are fabricated by pressureless infiltration with aluminum alloy into porous SiC preforms obtained by cold press forming. Microstructures and particulate distributions are analyzed with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer. The reinforcement volume fraction reaches 65 % by using bimodal particle distributions. The bending strength ranges from 320 to 342 MPa, depending on particle sizes. Due to the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of the matrix, the thermal conductivity of SiCp/Al composites are in the range of 121–143 W m^?1 K^?1.     

Effects of VC additives on densification and elastic and mechanical properties of hot-pressed ZrB<Subscript>2</Subscript>–SiC composites

In this study, highly dense ZrB₂-20 vol% SiC composites with 3–10 wt% VC additives were prepared by hot-pressing at 1750 °C for 1 h under a pressure of 20 MPa in a vacuum. The densification behavior and elastic and mechanical properties of the obtained composites were examined, and the effect of the VC content on the densification and the properties is analyzed. The addition of VC promotes the activation of densification mechanism at a lower temperature and inhibits the growth of ZrB₂ and SiC grains during the sintering. In addition, the elastic moduli, hardness and fracture toughness that measured in the obtained composites are constant and independent of the VC content, with a shear modulus of ~ 220 GPa, Young’s modulus of ~ 500 GPa, hardness of ~ 20 GPa and fracture toughness of ~ 4.4 MPa m^1/2. On the other hand, the flexural strength of the composites decreased as the VC content increased from 3 to 7 wt% and then it increased with further increasing the VC content to 10 wt%, with strength values of 620–770 MPa.     

Processing,spark plasma sintering,and mechanical behavior of alumina/titanium composites

This paper focuses on the study of the processing and mechanical properties, (flaw tolerance and R-curve behavior) of alumina–titanium ceramic–metal composites produced by spark plasma sintering. In order to obtain homogenously dispersed composites, a rheological study was carried out by measuring the flow behavior in different conditions of solid content, amount of dispersant and shear stress. It has been found that, with the suitable conditions (80 wt% solids and 3 wt% deflocculant), a ceramic–metal homogeneously dispersed (Al₂O₃–Ti) composite can be obtained. After sintering, the composites were mechanically tested and the cermet showed an important improvement in the flaw tolerance and R-curve behavior when compared with the monolithic material. It has been demonstrated by scanning electronic microscopy that this improvement is a consequence of the reinforcement mechanisms provided by the metallic particles that interact with the crack producing a notable increase in toughness up to ~8 MPa m^1/2.     

烧结助剂及Mo含量对AlN-Mo复合陶瓷热导率的影响

以CaF2、CaCO3为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结法制备了AlN-Mo复合材料。利用XRD和SEM分析了AlN-Mo复合陶瓷的相组成及其微观形貌,并讨论了烧结助剂和Mo含量对该材料热导率的影响。结果表明,CaF2和CaCO3烧结助剂的添加量在1%～3%(质量分数)范围内,AlN-Mo复合材料的热导率随着CaF2含量的增加而升高,随着CaCO3含量的增加先升高后降低。在烧结助剂的种类和含量一定时,含20%(体积分数)Mo的AlN-Mo复合陶瓷的热导率高于含18%(体积分数)Mo的AlN-Mo复合陶瓷的热导率。     

Selective growth of SiC nanowires in interlaminar matrix for improving in-plane strengths of laminated Carbon/Carbon composites

β-SiC nanowires(SiCNWs) were selectively grown in the interlaminar matrix with a volume fraction of0.65% by applying a pyrocarbon coating on carbon fibers, which realizes the proper reinforcement of C/C composites. The thickness of the pyrocarbon is optimized to 0.5 μm based on the analysis of in-situ fiber strengths with the fracture mirror method. The pyrocarbon coating increased the in-situ fiber strength by~7% and prevent brittle fracture of the composites. Compared with C/C, the interlaminar shear and flexural strength of SiCNW-C/C(10.06 MPa and 162.44 MPa) increase by 158% and 57%. Incorporating SiCNWs changes the crystallite orientations and refines the crystallite size of pyrocarbon matrix. The functions of SiCNWs vary with their loading density. When SiCNWs are sufficient in the matrix, they help reinforcing and improving the critical failure stress of the matrix. When their density decreases to a certain degree, SiCNWs help changing the crystallite orientations of pyrocarbon and toughening the matrix.     

Influence of coated SiC particulates on the mechanical and magnetic behaviour of Fe–Co alloy composites

Near-equiatomic Fe–Co alloy composites containing 0, 5 and 10 vol% of uncoated and coated SiC particles were prepared by applying a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa at 900 °C for 5 min in a spark plasma sintering furnace. The SiC particles used in this study were coarse, with an average particle size of 20 μm and their surfaces were coated with four different types of coatings, namely Ni–P, Cu, Co and duplex Cu and Ni–P by an electroless plating method. Quasi D.C. magnetic, bending and hardness tests were performed on the composites. The influence of particulate coatings on the magnetic and mechanical behaviour of the composites was investigated by correlating their properties with their microstructures as observed using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and crystallographic information as obtained using X-ray diffraction. The cobalt coated particles were found to exhibit the best wettability with the matrix without the formation of deleterious intermetallic compounds at the interface. Because of the better interfacial bonding in the composites with Co coated particles, there was an enhancement in flexural strength and permeability compared to the uncoated and other coated particulate composites studied. In addition, inclusion of cobalt coated SiC particulates produced an increase in hardness and a decrease in coercivity compared to the monolithic material.     

Electrical and mechanical properties of PMMA/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization

We report the effect of filler incorporation techniques on the electrical and mechanical properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. Composites were prepared by three different techniques, viz. in situ polymerisation of MMA monomer in presence of RGO, bulk polymerization of MMA in presence of PMMA beads/RGO and by in situ polymerization of MMA in presence of RGO followed by sheet casting. In particular, the effect of incorporation of varying amounts (i.e. ranging from 0.1 to 2 % w/w) of RGO on the electrical, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of PMMA was investigated. The electrical conductivity was found to be critically dependent on the amount of RGO as well as on the method of its incorporation. The electrical conductivity of 2 wt% RGO-loaded PMMA composite was increased by factor of 10⁷, when composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of MMA in the presence of RGO and PMMA beads, whereas, 10⁸ times increase in conductivity was observed at the same RGO content when composites were prepared by casting method. FTIR and Raman spectra suggested the presence of chemical interactions between RGO and PMMA matrix, whereas XRD patterns, SEM and HRTEM studies show that among three methods, the sheet-casting method gives better exfoliation and dispersion of RGO sheets within PMMA matrix. The superior thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of composites prepared by sheet-casting method provided a facile and logical route towards ultimate target of utilizing maximum fraction of intrinsic properties of graphene sheets.     

Enhanced thermal conductivity of poly(L-lactide) composites with synergistic effect of aluminum nitride and modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Poly (ethylene glycol)-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEG-MWNTs) were prepared and added into poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/aluminum nitride (AlN) composites to obtain PLLA/AlN/PEG-MWNTs nanocomposites. Microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated on the basis of the influence of PEG-MWNTs incorporated. The results showed that PEG-MWNTs were well-dispersed in the PLLA matrix and had strong interfacial adhesion with the matrix. The addition of PEG-MWNTs improved the thermal conductivity of PLLA/AlN composites. When 3 wt.% of PEG-MWNTs and 50 wt.% of AlN were both added into the PLLA matrix, the thermal conductivity reached 0.7734 W/mK with enhancement almost by 400% as compared to a neat PLLA. However, the thermal conductivity is 0.3401 W/mK for the PLLA composite with 3 wt.% of PEG-MWNTs and 0.4286 W/mK for the one with 50 wt.% of AlN. The synergistic effect of aggregated AlN particles and well-dispersed MWNTs could form efficient thermal conductive paths for improving the thermal conductivity of PLLA composites greatly.     

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide composites with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane (IFRPU) composites were prepared in the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as synergism, melamine, and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. The composites were examined in terms of thermal stability (both under nitrogen and air), electrical conductivity, gas barrier, flammability, mechanical, and rheological properties. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy indicated that rGO are well-dispersed and exfoliated in the IFRPU composites. The limiting oxygen index values increased from 22.0 to 34.0 with the addition of 18 wt% IFR along with 2 wt% rGO. Moreover, the incorporation of rGO into IFRPU composites exhibited excellent antidripping properties as well as UL-94 V0 rating. The thermal stability of the composites enhanced. This was attributed to high surface area and good dispersion of rGO sheets induced by strong interactions between PU and rGO. The oxygen permeability, electrical, and viscoelasticity measurements, respectively, demonstrated that rGO lead to much more reduction in the gas permeability (by ~90 %), high electrical conductivity, and higher storage modulus of IFRPU composites. The tensile strength, modulus, and shore A remarkably improved by the incorporation of 2.0 wt% of rGO as well.