铁基离子液的水相合成工艺

目前铁基离子液在基础和应用研究方面得到广泛的关注。从合成铁基离子液的原料出发,通过调节不同原料配比,系统研究了在空气气氛和水环境条件下铁基离子液的合成过程及现象。探索了水相废液再循环使用合成铁基离子液的绿色零排放工艺,对比了无水和水相两种不同环境下产物铁基离子液的差异,以及可能的相互转化条件,为理解和推动铁基离子液的相关研究与应用提供基础参考。     

Physicochemical properties of new amide-based protic ionic liquids and their use as materials for anhydrous proton conductors

We prepared 3 protic ionic liquids based on trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and an amide, namely isobutyramide (ITSA), n-butyramide(NTSA), and benzamide(BTSA). All of the protic ionic liquids exhibit excellent thermal stability (above 200 °C). ITSA has the highest ionic conductivity, which is 32.6 mS/cm at 150 °C. ITSA was used to prepare anhydrous, conducting composite membranes based on polymers of polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF) to serve as intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This type of composite membrane possesses good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties. Increasing the polymer content leads to the improvement of mechanical properties, but is accompanied by a reduction in ionic conductivity. We made efforts to eliminate the trade-off between strength and conductivity of the ITSA/PVDF composite membrane by adding polyamide imide, which resulted in a simultaneous increase in strength and conductivity. A conductivity of 7.5 mS/cm is achieved in a membrane containing 60 wt.% ITSA and 5 wt.% PAI in PVDF at 150 °C.     

新型表面活性离子液体聚集行为的研究进展

基于离子液体的可设计性与功能化,综述了近年来出现的新型表面活性离子液体的结构、性能、聚集行为及其应用的效果,主要包括两性表面活性离子液体、响应型表面活性离子液体、手性表面活性离子液体等。     

离子液体催化酯化应用研究与进展

结合近几十年来的研究工作,综述了离子液体的发展历程、种类、特点、制备方法以及离子液体作为催化剂在酯化反应中的应用及其催化机理,比较了离子液体催化剂与传统催化剂在酯化反应中的应用,并根据目前催化酯化中存在的问题,提出了解决方法。     

Charge transport and glassy dynamics in ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit unique features such as low melting points, low vapor pressures, wide liquidus temperature ranges, high thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical windows. As a result, they show promise for use in variety of applications: as reaction media, in batteries and supercapacitors, in solar and fuel cells, for electrochemical deposition of metals and semiconductors, for protein extraction and crystallization, and many others. Because of the ease with which they can be supercooled, ionic liquids offer new opportunities to investigate long-standing questions regarding the nature of the dynamic glass transition and its possible link to charge transport. Despite the significant steps achieved from experimental and theoretical studies, no generally accepted quantitative theory of dynamic glass transition to date has been capable of reproducing all the experimentally observed features. In this Account, we discuss recent studies of the interplay between charge transport and glassy dynamics in ionic liquids as investigated by a combination of several experimental techniques including broadband dielectric spectroscopy, pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on Einstein-Smoluchowski relations, we use dielectric spectra of ionic liquids to determine diffusion coefficients in quantitative agreement with independent pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, but spanning a broader range of more than 10 orders of magnitude. This approach provides a novel opportunity to determine the electrical mobility and effective number density of charge carriers as well as their types of thermal activation from the measured dc conductivity separately. We also unravel the origin of the remarkable universality of charge transport in different classes of glass-forming ionic liquids.     

新型绿色分离体系——离子液体双水相及其在生物分离中的应用

近几年来,离子液体双水相作为一种新型绿色分离体系越来越受到关注。离子液体双水相具有粘度低、分相快、不易乳化以及对生物物质萃取率高等优点。介绍了离子液体双水相的机理以及它在生物分离中的一些应用。     

离子液体在纳米ZnO材料制备中的研究进展

离子液体（ILs）具有蒸气压低、液程宽、热稳定性好、结构和性质可调节等特点, 作为反应溶剂、模板剂或结构导向剂等在纳米材料制备领域得到了广泛的应用。纳米ZnO在传感器、太阳能电池、光催化和发光二极管等领域具有广泛的应用。总结了近年来ILs在纳米ZnO材料制备中的研究进展, 重点归纳和比较了常规非质子型ILs、质子型ILs、碱性ILs和聚ILs在制备纳米ZnO中的应用,及其调控纳米ZnO形貌、尺寸和性能的作用特点, 并为今后ILs应用于金属纳米材料的制备提出了建议。     

含有偶氮苯结构单元的离子液体在智能材料中的应用与研究进展

刺激响应性材料作为新型智能材料,在日常生活和工业生产方面有着重要应用,但能耗高、难以精准控制及循环可逆性差限制了其使用范围。偶氮苯基团是一种合成相对简单、循环可逆性好、易于精准控制、相对节能的光敏性官能团。离子液体是一类蒸汽压低、热稳定性好、可设计、对环境污染程度较低的新型液体材料。因此含有偶氮苯基团的离子液体是一类既具有光响应性,又具有离子液体特性的新型功能材料,凭借其在紫外/可见光(UV/Vis)照射下发生光致异构化,从而引起物化性质和材料性能发生可控变化,成为目前研究的热门。本工作综述了近年来含有偶氮苯基团的离子液体在光控智能材料中的应用,对含有偶氮苯结构单元的离子液体在光控电导率、光控自组装、光控相行为、光控CO₂的捕获与释放和光响应可控离子凝胶黏弹性等领域的研究进展进行了详细介绍,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。含有偶氮苯结构单元的离子液体具有独特的优势,在可持续发展的大背景下能够为智能材料、绿色化学的发展提供新的思路。     

Novel Process Options for Application of Zeolites in Supercritical Fluids and Ionic Liquids

Supercritical fluids and ionic liquids offer attractive opportunities for modifying and applying zeolites as adsorbents and catalysts. After a brief introduction to the most important properties of these solvents, examples of zeolite applications in supercritical fluids and ionic liquids from the recent literature are discussed. Particular emphasis is put on the influence of reaction media on the processes occurring in the zeolitic pore systems, e.g., during shape‐selective conversions in zeolite catalysts. The present potential and future challenges for the application of zeolites in supercritical fluids and ionic liquids are identified. Most attractive process options arise from a combined use of both ionic liquids and supercritical fluids in integrated reaction schemes.     

离子液体的工业应用研究进展

离子液体以其特有的性质广受学术界和工业界关注,业已发展成为国际科技的前沿和热点,在诸多领域展示了广阔的应用潜力和前景。本文综述了近二十年来国内外离子液体工业应用进展情况,并对离子液体在化学工程、电化学、高性能添加剂、气体处理、分离分析以及能源领域中的工业化应用现状做了重点介绍。最后对离子液体工业化应用的前景做了展望,并分析了离子液体在实现大规模应用之前应重点解决绿色化、基础理论和成本控制问题。     

离子液体的合成方法及其性能

离子液体具有较低的熔点、良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸汽压等优点,引起了科学界和工业界的广泛瞩目。近年来,随着研究的日益深入,室温离子液体已经被开发和应用到诸多领域。本文对室温离子液体的合成、结构、性能等方面的研究现状进行了综述。     

离子液体在材料中的应用进展

综述了离子液体在纳米金属材料、氧化物、分子筛等材料合成应用中的最新进展,评述了使用离子液体的材料合成过程的特点,展望了离子液体在材料合成领域中的应用前景。     

离子液体吸收CO_2的研究进展

CO2的捕集、分离与利用已成为人类共同关心的重要课题。工业上,通常使用传统的有机胺水溶液或热钾碱溶液等脱除CO2。有机胺具有蒸气压,易产生挥发性有机物(VOCs)对环境造成污染;热钾碱溶液等脱除CO2需要较高操作温度因而能耗较高,生产过程经济性有待改善。离子液体具有几乎无蒸气压、热稳定性、结构可设计性等独特优点,在CO2分离领域的巨大应用潜力已成共识。本文结合课题组近期的研究工作,就国内外离子液体吸收CO2的主要研究成果进行综述。     

Theoretical Aspects of Ionic Liquids for Soft‐Matter Sciences

The thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of ionic liquids produce a broad spectrum of unconventional phenomena both microscopically and macroscopically. However, despite numerous theoretical and experimental studies, the fundamental roles of the relevant interactions such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding often remain unclear at the molecular level. The complexity of the molecular interactions typically increases when ionic liquids dissolve polymers or polar substances such as water. Accordingly, recent studies have revealed new features of ionic liquids. Further insights into the role of the molecular polarity of ionic liquids are required. This article presents an overview of the important phenomena of ionic liquids concerning soft‐matter sciences based on selected experimental and theoretical studies. We focus on the effect of the dielectric response of ionic liquids to distinguish ionic liquids from common inorganic salts, such as alkali metal halides.     

环氧氯丙烷与离子液体的交联过程研究

鉴于目前离子液体交联反应所用交联剂存在的高成本、难制备的问题,提出以廉价易得的环氧氯丙烷交联二胺质子型离子液体制备离子液体凝胶的设想。基于此,通过监测反应体系动力学信息证明了反应的可能性,同时研究了与酸中和顺序、反应温度、交联比例对环氧基团和氯基团转化率的影响。探究了环氧氯丙烷-二胺交联体系的凝胶转变性能以及可能的反应机理。并且初步测试了交联产物的CO₂分离性能。     

Research on crosslinking of epichlorohydrin and ionic liquids

Ionic liquid supported liquid membranes have shown high CO₂ selective separation performance, but their low pressure resistance greatly limits their industrial applications. From the viewpoint of high cost and complex synthesis of crosslinkers used for crosslinking ILs, preparing IL-based gels by crosslinking diamino protic ionic liquids (PILs) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) was proposed in this work. The feasibility of this conception was confirmed via monitoring dynamical information of reaction system. The effects of protonation, reaction temperature and ECH-to-PIL molar ratio on the conversion of epoxy and chloride groups were systematically investigated. The gel transition property of these crosslinked PILs and the possible crosslinking mechanism were studied. Moreover, CO₂ permeation performance in crosslinked ILs was preliminarily tested.     

Characteristics of protic ionic liquids based on triethanolammonium salts of biologically active carboxylic acids and their impact on the growth properties of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizopus oryzae</Emphasis> fungus

A series of protic alkanolammonium ionic liquids (ILs) based on triethanolammonium salts (protatranes) of biologically active carboxylic acids (cinnamic, benzoic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, salicylic, and citric acids) is synthesized and characterized. Their biological activity against the Rhizopus oryzae F-814 fungus is studied. The presence of ionic liquids in a culture medium gives rise to the biomass of the fungus growing by 8 to 24%, depending on the salt concentration and its composition.     

微反应器耦合离子液体强化萃取过程的研究进展

离子液体作为一种绿色溶剂在强化萃取过程中获得了广泛的应用，但是高昂的生产成本以及以高黏度为特征的流体力学性质阻碍了其工业化应用。微化工技术为基于离子液体的连续化萃取提供了一种高效的过程强化平台。近年来，微化工技术与离子液体技术的耦合强化在萃取分离领域越来越受到关注。本文主要综述了微流动萃取技术的基本现状、离子液体参与的萃取过程特征、微反应器内涉及离子液体的互不相溶液-液两相流型、传质及其强化机制，重点介绍了微反应器在基于离子液体萃取金属、有机物等过程中的应用、微流动萃取过程放大的研究进展，并对涉及离子液体的多级萃取、功能化离子液体的萃取应用及其相应的微流动萃取放大等研究方向进行了展望。     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用

在查阅了大量的国内外文献资料的基础上,介绍了近几年离子液体研究应用的进展。综述了离子液体在萃取分离过程中的应用,并展望了离子液体在分离方面的应用前景和发展方向。     

The effect of molecular solvents on the viscosity,conductivity and ionicity of mixtures containing chloride anion-based ionic liquid

Chloride anion-based ionic liquids (ILs) have unique importance among various ILs. Nevertheless, they are usually very viscous, and the study on their mixtures with molecular solvent is important for their practical application. In this work, the viscosities and conductivities of the binary mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and several protic/aprotic solvents were measured, and the underlying information about intermolecular interaction and microscopic structure was discussed. The result showed that the molecular solvents which have relatively high dielectric constant and hydrogen-bond acidity will be more efficient in promoting the dissociation of chloride anion-based ILs and improving the transport properties of corresponding applications.