阻尼矢量图法设计输入整形器抑制柔性机械臂的残留振荡

输入整形技术的研究源于抑制小阻尼伺服系统振荡模态的残留振荡,其能以简单的开环控制实现系统的快速定位,因而在抑制高精度定位系统的残留振荡方面得到了广泛应用。本文提出了一种新的输入整形器的分析设计方法———阻尼矢量图,即将无阻尼系统的矢量图法推广应用于有阻尼系统,为有阻尼系统提供了一种输入整形器的图形化分析与设计方法,其运用简便、直观,且能在图上直接对输入整形器的鲁棒性进行分析,将其应用于柔性机械臂的残留振荡控制中,仿真结果验证了按此方法设计的输入整形器确能抑制残留振荡。     

消除参数不确定柔性系统的残留振荡鲁棒控制

基于残留振荡能量最小的优化思想，在系统参数变化范围内设计鲁棒时滞滤波器。滤波器在柔性系统极点附近配置三重零点，使其对系统参数误差不敏感，具有很强的鲁棒性。将这一控制技术用于起重机的消摆控制系统中，可以有效抑制载荷的残留摆动。     

桥式起重机的鲁棒输入整形控制方法研究

近年来,为提高生产作业效率,人们对桥式起重机的防摆控制进行了越来越广泛的研究。为此,设计了一种基于鲁棒输入整形技术的控制方法。鲁棒输入整形技术用来消除或减小负载振动,同时提供小车的参考速度曲线。仿真结果证明了该方案性能良好,可有效抑制负载的残留振动。     

巡检机器人传动结构机电耦合振动自动化抑制

电力线路巡检机器人巡检过程中,引起控制参数的不确定性,造成传动结构中发生机电耦合振动,影响其行进稳定性。为此,提出电力线路巡检机器人传动结构机电耦合振动自动化抑制方法。建立机电耦合动力学模型,从机械系统中分析产生振动的根本原因,通过构建的两惯性模型得到机械振动频率;将无轮廓误差的整形指令,输入到自适应数字陷波滤波器中,使用递推方法辨识陷波滤波器参数,根据陷波滤波器输出信号分析其中的耦合振动信号,以此为依据实现机电耦合振动自动化抑制。通过实验证明：抑制方法可以将控制参数的稳定范围扩大,将机器人运作全过程中振动信号能量与残留振动信号能量至少降低了1.04 J和0.9 J,且消除了轮廓误差,具有较高的应用价值。     

高阶导数和多峰输入整形的机器人抑振分析

输入整形是一种能够有效抑制柔性机器人残余振动的控制策略。但系统的共振频率、阻尼比等参数受外界影响发生变化时,其抑振性能会降低,需要建立一种抑振频率宽度更大的输入整形器。对零振动与零导数和极不灵敏输入整形器进行改进,增加高阶导数或多峰约束条件,从而改善其鲁棒性,获得更大的抑振频率宽度。对多种改进型的输入整形控制策略进行理论分析,构建一种3-DOF并联机器人的多个高阶导数和多峰输入整形器,通过仿真分析其抑制机器人残余振动的响应曲线,并与常规的输入整形器进行对比。     

PD结合输入整形抑制单模态弹性机构振动仿真研究

小阻尼单模态弹性机构的动力学特性表现为长时间减幅振动特性,如果仅仅考虑时域性能指标和频域性能指标设计PID控制器对其进行控制,可能导致系统过大的超调量和长时间的残留振动。为有效解决这一问题,将输入整形引入PD反馈控制系统中,提出PD结合输入整形控制策略。研究在4种典型输入信号作用下PD结合输入整形控制系统响应和控制力的通用表达式,定量分析输入整形对系统响应、控制力和能耗的作用规律。在相同反馈增益的情况下与PD反馈控制相比较,PD结合输入整形控制使系统产生较小的超调量,需要较小的控制力,允许系统具有较大的振动频率和较小的阻尼比,从而提高了系统的响应速度,而且输入整形有效地抑制系统的残留振动,从而减小系统的稳定时间,降低系统的能耗。通过仿真进一步证明了这一控制策略的有效性。     

斜拉索振动被动控制中电/磁流变阻尼器的最优阻尼器能量输入

研究了电／磁流变（ER／MR）阻尼器在恶劣条件下作为被动阻尼器使用时斜拉索的振动问题。对斜拉索和阻尼器的振动特性进行研究，采用Halmiton原理和模型识别技术建立斜拉索-阻尼器的非线性数学模型；采用随机噪声作为激励，通过不断调整阻尼器的能量输入，进行斜拉索-ER／MR阻尼器系统的振动被动控制试验。试验结果表明，存在一个最优的阻尼器能量输入，在该输入下能够有效地抑制斜拉索振动。根据所建立的非线性动力计算模型得到的计算结果与振动控制试验结果吻合良好。考虑到系统的非线性，研究了荷载大小和阻尼器安装位置对最优阻尼器能量输入的影响。研究结果为在恶劣条件下利用ER／MR阻尼器进行斜拉索振动被动控制时的阻尼器设计提供了依据。     

复数法设计输入整形器抑制柔性机械臂的残留振荡

提出了一种新的输入整形器的分析设计方法-复数法.即根据系统残留振荡的特点,用复数表示输入整形器的各脉冲,将输入整形器的运算转化为数学运算,并将其应用于柔性机械臂的残留振荡控制中,仿真结果验证了按此方法设计的输入整形器确能抑制残留振荡.     

基于高阶导数和多峰输入整形的一种并联机器人抑制振动的灵敏度分析

输入整形器能有效抑制柔性机构的残余振动,其鲁棒性是评价输入整形器抑制振动幅值和频率范围能力的重要参数,可通过分析灵敏度曲线的不灵敏度获得。为了获得更高的鲁棒性,对典型的输入整形器进行改进,分别增加高阶导数和多峰的约束条件,从而加宽抑制残余振动的频率范围。介绍了高阶零振动与零导数和多峰极不灵敏输入整形器的基本原理和鲁棒性分析方法,并将其应用于一种柔性并联机器人。使用数值仿真对输入整形器的鲁棒性进行分析,对各种输入整形器的不灵敏度进行对比。此外,通过系统响应曲线,分析系统共振频率的变化对输入整形器抑振能力的影响,从而验证各种输入整形器鲁棒性的高低。仿真结果表明,THEI输入整形器的鲁棒性最高,DHEI输入整形器的综合性能最好。     

指令整形扩展控制对柔性臂抑振及灵敏度分析

针对传统指令整形各整形方法脉冲序列的局限性及鲁棒性问题,提出一种基于传统指令整形技术上的改进扩展控制方法,采用指令整形的扩展法对柔性臂的残余振动进行抑制,并对两种整形器的灵敏度进行了分析。以镀锌薄钢板为研究对象进行仿真实验研究,研究结果表明该方法能有效消除残余振动平均达97.97%以上,而且系统运动超调平均降低达46.81%以上;改进后的ZVD整形器灵敏度是同脉冲ZV整形器的近3倍,且系统稳定时间增加了8.4%,鲁棒性较好,并得出在5%残余振动下其能够抑制系统振动模态的频率比。     

融合输入整形和滑模的锻造机器人振动抑制

为抑制锻压机冲击对锻造机器人造成的残余振动,提出了融合输入整形和滑模的振动抑制策略.首先在开环控制中设计了零振动微分输入整形器;然后在闭环控制中设计了带滤波的滑模控制器;进一步通过对基本克隆算法进行云变异和反向选择,设计了融合云模型和反向学习的克隆算法并实现了滑模参数优化;最后基于MATLAB/Simulink平台完成...     

Research on flexible dynamics of a 6-DOF industrial robot and residual vibration control with a pre-adaptive input shaper

The residual vibration caused by joint flexibility tends to be nonlinear and time-varying due to the complicated dynamics characteristics of 6-DOF industrial robot. To address the time-varying residual vibration problem, this paper proposes a pre-adaptive input shaping method. By simplifying the 6-DOF industrial robot standard flexible dynamics equation, the flexible dynamical parameters can be identified without additional joint encoders or other measuring instrument, while the natural frequency of each joint can also be calculated from the identified dynamical parameters. Then by setting the calculated natural frequency as the initial condition, an iterative learning scheme based on the secant method can be applied to obtain a better natural frequency estimate. Finally, using the iteration results, the input shaper’s parameters can be updated, which makes the shaper adapt to the variation of system parameters. The results of model validation show that the simplified dynamic model can reflect the robot dynamic characteristics accurately. The vibration experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pre-adaptive input shaper in suppressing the residual vibration.

     

Robust integral variable structure controller and pulse-width pulse-frequency modulated input shaper design for flexible spacecraft with mismatched uncertainty/disturbance

This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the flexible spacecraft attitude maneuvering control by use of on–off thrusters and active vibration control by input shaper. In this design approach, attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using lower order model. As a stepping stone, an integral variable structure controller with the assumption of knowing the upper bounds of the mismatched lumped perturbation has been designed which ensures exponential convergence of attitude angle and angular velocity in the presence of bounded uncertainty/disturbances. To reconstruct estimates of the system states for use in a full information variable structure control law, an asymptotic variable structure observer is also employed. In addition, the thruster output is modulated in pulse-width pulse-frequency so that the output profile is similar to the continuous control histories. For actively suppressing the induced vibration, the input shaping technique is used to modify the existing command so that less vibration will be caused by the command itself, which only requires information about the vibration frequency and damping of the closed-loop system. The rationale behind this hybrid control scheme is that the integral variable structure controller can achieve good precision pointing, even in the presence of uncertainties/disturbances, whereas the shaped input attenuator is applied to actively suppress the undesirable vibrations excited by the rapid maneuvers. Simulation results for the spacecraft model show precise attitude control and vibration suppression.     

空间柔性伸杆机构振动抑制的半物理仿真试验

研究空间柔性伸杆机构的振动抑制问题,提出一种基于伸杆机构自适应指令整形(Adaptive input shaper, AIS)与航天器本体输出反馈控制相结合的复合控制策略,基于经验传递函数估计方法(Empirical transfer function estimate, ETFE),建立最优指令整形器(Optimal arbitrary input shaper, OAIS)的自调整机制,得到改进的自适应指令整形器。以金字塔构型的单框架控制力矩陀螺簇(Single gimbal control moment gyros, SGCMGs)为本体执行机构,详细设计基于实时仿真机、PMAC实时运动控制板卡、SGCMGs等实物的半物理仿真试验平台。在考虑环境干扰力矩以及执行机构控制受限的情况下对控制方法进行半物理仿真试验验证。结果表明：与基于OAIS 及无指令整形前馈控制的复合控制方法相比,提出的控制方法可有效抑制伸杆机构的低频振动,实现航天器本体姿态的精确跟踪和伸杆机构的高精度指向控制。     

On the derivative constraints of input shaping control

Conventionally, derivative constraints have been added to the input shaper to increase robustness to modeling error in natural frequency and damping ratio, and the robustness of input shaping has been evaluated from the ratio of residual vibration amplitude with input shaping to that without input shaping. However, the derivative constraints used for the ZVD shaper and the derivative of the ratio of residual vibration amplitude are mathematically confused in the previous literatures, even if the conceptual explanation for both derivatives therein is generally acceptable. In this paper, the relationship of the derivative constraints used for ZVD shaper and the zero derivative of the ratio of residual vibration amplitude are derived and clarified mathematically, and the relationship between them is demonstrated using an example.     

输入整形法在起重机中的应用

针对龙门起重机的吊重摆动问题,建立吊重摆动的动力学模型,利用输入整形法对龙门起重机吊重摆动进行控制.通过求解限制方程,得出输入整形器的参数,并以Matlab/Simulink为仿真平台建立龙门起重机防摇控制仿真模型,仿真结果表明,输入整形控制可以显著减小龙门起重机转运过程中吊重的残余摆动.     

Precise speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor

Precise control of vibration modes become critical when one wants to push the state of the art with a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, a complete control strategy, concerned about the design based model, controller design, and dealing with the shaping of the system input is presented. First, a modeling analysis is performed on the vector control scheme in the synchronously rotating reference frame that is used for controlling the PMSM. Then, the pole-placement scheme is used to design a desirable closed-loop system. After that, the shaped input technique together with the designed controller is considered to yield the shortest actual system input. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to perform the simulation. This simulation results verify that the eliminated oscillation response gives much better transient performance in the aspects of faster settling time and decreasing energy to supply for the PMSM.