腐植酸在糖蜜酒精废液处理中的应用研究

针对糖蜜酒精废液的综合治理问题 ,利用腐植酸作吸附剂 ,提出了腐植酸处理糖蜜酒精废液的新思路 ,考察了pH、温度、腐植酸用量、磁力搅拌时间、腐植酸粒度、静置沉降时间、助凝剂用量等因素对腐植酸吸附效果的影响。结果表明 ,腐植酸粒度 80目、用量 2 0 %、废液pH7、室温、磁力搅拌 5分钟、静置沉降 4小时、外加助凝剂P30 0 0 0 7% ,腐植酸的吸附效果最佳 ,CODcr去除率达 80 0 %     

腐植酸钠对棉织物的吸附性能

采用腐植酸钠对棉织物进行染色,研究了染色pH值、温度、氯化钠用量、浴比和腐植酸钠用量对染色织物色深值△E的影响,探讨了腐植酸钠对棉纤维的吸附动力学和热力学。研究表明,染色pH值对染色织物的色深值影响很小,随着染色温度的升高染色织物的△E值逐渐降低,氯化钠用量为0-15g/L时染色织物色深值逐渐增加,氯化钠用量高于15g/L时染色织物色深值逐渐下降直至平衡,随着染色浴比的增大染色织物的△E值逐渐降低,0-6%o.m.f的腐植酸钠用量范围内,腐植酸钠在棉纤维上具有很好的提升性能。由动力学数据可知,染色温度越高,腐植酸钠在棉纤维上的吸附速率k越快,半染时间t1/2越短,平衡吸附量C∞越低。由热力学数据可知,腐植酸钠在棉纤维上的吸附适合用Freundlich热力学吸附模型描述,其与棉纤维以氢键和范德华力结合为主。     

77-2型腐肥机

为了广开肥源,大力发展腐植酸类肥料,促进农业大上快上,我所与下关市先锋公社农机厂协作,经过一年多的研制和使用,制成了77-2型腐肥机。一九七七年一月,经云南省省级鉴定定型。77-2型腐肥机结构简单紧凑,体积小,重量轻,耗电量小及生产率能适合公社及大队办腐肥厂的需要,能生产腐植酸铵、腐植酸磷、腐植酸铵磷和腐植酸钙等多种腐植酸类肥料,亦可用在制造生长刺激剂(腐植酸钠)的第一阶段使用。     

施用生化腐植酸肥和常规化肥对种植甘蔗生长的影响

研究生化腐植酸和常规化肥对作物生长的影响。分别施用生化腐植酸肥和常规化肥种植甘蔗,考察施用不同肥料对促进甘蔗生长的不同影响。与施用常规化肥相比,施用生化腐植酸肥种植甘蔗出苗率、有效茎、茎径、株高和产量有所提高,分别提高25.51%、2670株/hm²、40.45 mm、30.99 cm和38.25t/hm²;施用生化腐植酸种植甘蔗锤度提高3.3%;甘蔗叶片叶绿素含量提高69.58%;甘蔗叶片、茎中的可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖含量均有提高。实验结果证明：施用生化腐植酸肥明显提高了甘蔗叶片和茎的己糖激酶、淀粉酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性。叶片蔗糖糖合成酶活性表现出施用生化腐植酸小于常规化肥,但蔗茎的蔗糖糖合成酶活性差异不大。生化腐植酸施用对甘蔗生长有促进作用,提高甘蔗产量和质量。因此,在作物栽培过程中,可以开发利用生化腐植酸肥料。     

腐植酸钠清除自由基作用的研究

利用DPPH自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法、超氧阴离子自由基清除法、总还原力的测定4种方法对腐植酸钠的抗氧化活性进行了检测和评价。研究结果表明,腐植酸钠具有较强的自由基清除能力和一定的抗氧化能力,且随着腐植酸钠浓度的增加,其抗氧化能力逐渐增强。     

不同用量腐植酸钾对果蔗产量和品质的影响

以果蔗为研究对象,通过施用不同用量腐植酸钾,研究其对果蔗产量、品质及土壤特性的影响。结果表明,施用以木本泥炭为主要成分的腐植酸钾,可显著改善土壤的特性;随着腐植酸钾施用量的增加,土壤pH升高,土壤容重下降,土壤含水量提高,土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量升高。在与常规施肥等量钾的腐植酸钾施用量下,土壤容重比常规施肥处理下降11.0%,土壤含水量增加5.4%,碱解氮和速效磷含量分别提高16.8%和16.1%。结果也表明,施用以木本泥炭为主要成分的腐植酸钾,可提高果蔗的产量和品质,与常规施肥对照相比,当量常规施肥150%钾的腐植酸钾处理果蔗增产8.9%,糖分提高7.7%,效果显著。因此,以木本泥炭为主要成分的腐植酸钾的合理施用对酸性土壤质量改善及果蔗产量、品质的提升具有重要作用。     

欢迎订阅2020年《腐植酸》杂志

<正>《腐植酸》杂志创刊于1979年,由中国腐植酸工业协会主办,国内外公开发行的全国唯一的腐植酸类专业科技期刊、世界唯一的腐植酸类综合性刊物。主要栏目有:卷首语、专题评述、研究论文、腐植酸文摘、"土肥和谐"之声、腐植酸标准讨论、行业资讯、"乌金"采风等。2020年,本刊将积极宣传"腐植酸,一个光荣绽放的美丽因子"的思想,传播腐植酸提质增效、节能减排、推进净     

腐植酸氮磷钾肥料在烟草上的试验应用

我县是烤烟的集中产区之一,常年种植烤烟七万亩左右。近年来随着粮食产量的不断提高,土壤中含氮量逐年增多,氮磷钾比例严重失调,造成烤烟商品质量下降,内在品质较差。为了寻求适宜烟叶生产的肥源,增进烟叶的品质,1979年开始,开展了腐植酸氮磷钾肥料(以下简称腐肥)在烟草上的施用对改进烤烟品质的试验。并于1981—1982年进行了大面积示范,取得了显著效果。现将试验效果及应用情况综述如下:     

维生素AD结合钙处理对番茄贮藏期硬度的影响

以辽园多丽号番茄为试材,不同浓度维生素AD结合腐植酸钙处理对番茄贮藏期硬度的影响。各处理番茄果实硬度贮藏期间总体均呈下降趋势,1%维生素AD与0.5%腐植酸钙结合处理的果实硬度为4.649kg/cm2,比单喷施腐植酸钙处理高出26%,比对照高64.76%,原果胶含量逐渐下降,可溶性果胶总体上呈上升趋势。果胶酶,纤维素酶活性总体呈逐渐上升趋势,1%维生素AD与0.5%腐植酸钙结合处理果胶酶含量最低为2.13μg/g·h,比0.5%腐植酸钙处理低8.5%,比对照低43.1%。贮藏结束时,纤维素酶活性为1.963μg/g·h。总体上1%维生素AD与0.5%腐植酸钙结合处理的效果最好,提高了果实的硬度,从而提高了番茄的耐贮性。     

甜菜施用腐植酸钠的效果

腐植酸类肥料是同一类肥料的总称,它包括腐植酸、腐植酸钾、腐植酸钠、腐植酸钙以及腐植酸镁等。这类肥料的成份比较复杂,含有大量的有机质,具有农家肥的许多性质和功能:以及含有一定量的速效养分,可以直接被作物吸收利用;可改土养地、提高地力;同时腐植酸类肥料中还含有多种激素成份,具有激素作用,听以它是一种有机化学肥料。腐值酸类肥料的分子很大,是由许多结构单元构成。主要的结构单元包括核和官能团:其中核是五员、六员的均环和杂环,如苯、萘、蒽、醌、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、吡啶和吲哚;官能团有羟基、段基、甲氯基、羰基、醌基和胺基等。由于腐植酸类肥料具有上述活性基团,因而它具有酸性、亲水性、强的交换性和络合能力,以及较强的吸附性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press