喷射成形超高碳钢的自超塑化现象

用喷射成形工艺制备的无宏观偏析、组织为均匀细密珠光体的超高碳钢,无需任何热的或机械的预处理,即可具有伸长率达380%的超塑性,并且在2×10-1s-1的应变速率下仍有122%的伸长率.这是由于在此变形过程中发生了碳化物由片层状向颗粒状的转变并形成细小等轴晶粒的组织超塑化;而且高应变速率可促成高度细化的球化组织.由此开发的喷射成形结合大压下量热轧的方法可以简捷有效地使超高碳钢获得很好的超塑性,并且可以应用于高速钢等其它高碳钢铁材料.     

铝对喷射成形超高碳钢组织与性能的影响

在喷射成形快速凝固条件下,含铝超高碳钢会发生铝在渗碳体中的非平衡固溶.由于这种含铝渗碳体的不稳定性,在随后的加热中会迅速由喷射态的晶界网络形态或珠光体片层状转化为分散而细小的颗粒,从而使该材料具有很好的高温塑性和热加工性能.加铝的喷射成形超高碳钢可把碳的质量分数提高到1.8%,经一道次70%热轧后形成致密、无碳化物网络、均匀细化的组织,使屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高到1 088 MPa和1 419MPa,并仍有一定的塑性.     

喷射成形1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢热加工组织性能研究

常规铸造超高碳钢由于冷速低，在晶界形成粗大的碳化物网络，导致它在室温下的脆性，延伸率几乎为零，机加工性能极差。喷射成形超高碳钢则由于冷却速度高，其晶粒得到细化，母合金中晶界粗大的块状碳化物得到消除，变成细密的碳化物网络，有利于性能的提高。同时，喷射成形过程也引入了一定量的微孔。热轧处理以后，消除了喷射成形工艺引入的微孔，提高了致密度，同时细化组织，材料的力学性能有了明显的提高。     

喷射成形取代粉末冶金生产超高合金高速钢的可行性研究

利用喷射成形工艺和粉末冶金工艺比较相近的特点,通过锻造+退火+淬火回火处理,对喷射成形超高合金高速钢(BSF-HSS)与成分相同的粉末高速钢(DEX40)的使用性能进行了对比,前者性能达到甚至超过了后者性能,表明喷射成形工艺取代粉末冶金工艺制备超高合金高速钢具有可行性.     

汽车传动部件用高碳钢板

JFE开发出两种高加工性的高碳钢板.各向同性高碳冷轧板的r值各向异性(Δr)降到了0.06,并且具有良好的成形性和低温短时加热淬透性,用于传动部件的钢板成形时可避免尺寸精度下降.高扩孔性热轧高碳钢板(SC)采用热轧后的超急速冷却使碳化物弥散分布,具有良好的冲孔性和扩孔性,适用于增厚加工.     

超高碳钢组织超细化的工艺

阐述了超高碳钢组织超细化工艺及其机理。这些工艺包括：二阶段热形变处理技术、热形变 离异共析转变处理技术、热形变 DET 形变处理技术、循环热处理技术及复合热处理技术。该超细化组织由极细的铁素体晶粒以及在其中均匀分布的渗碳体颗粒组成。此外，分析了硅、铝、铬等合金元素对相变温度的影响及其对网状碳化物和石墨化的抑制作用，讨论了合金化对超高碳钢的组织超细化的影响。     

喷射成形7A60合金的微观组织与力学性能研究

利用喷射成形技术制备了7A60合金. 借助扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、 X射线衍射（XRD）和拉伸试验等手段研究了该合金的微观组织和力学性能, 重点分析了喷射成形7A60合金沉积态中第二相的特点. 拉伸试验结果表明, 喷射成形7A60合金经T6处理后极限抗拉强度可达到733 MPa, 并且延伸率保持在9.5%左右.     

喷射成形GH742y高温合金的高温变形特性

喷射成形是利用快速凝固方法制备高性能金属材料的先进的,低成本的净成形技术.本文研究了变形温度和应变速率对喷射成形GH742y高温合金热工艺塑性的影响.研究结果表明,喷射成形GH742y合金具有良好的热变形能力.不过,变形温度和应变速率对喷射成形GH742y合金的变形抗力也有较大的影响.     

喷射成形镁合金的研究进展

喷射成形技术经过几十年的发展,已经广泛地应用于研制和开发各种高性能材料,将其应用于镁合金的研究开发,使镁合金的性能得到了很大的提高,拓宽了镁合金的应用.文中从喷射成形工艺的角度对镁合金的研究进行了综述,简述了喷射成形镁合金的特点,着重介绍了喷射成形镁合金的研究进展,并提出了研究中存在的一些问题及展望.     

2%铝质量分数超高碳钢的球化退火工艺

 为获得完全球化的超高碳钢组织,基于离异共析转变机制对2%铝质量分数超高碳钢进行球化退火工艺研究。研究发现,由于成分的不均匀性,超高碳钢锻态组织由片层间距不一致的珠光体和网状碳化物组成,单纯使用离异共析工艺无法使其完全球化;2%铝质量分数超高碳钢锻态组织网状碳化物厚度在1 μm以下,[Acm]温度以下正火即可获得片层均匀细小的珠光体并消除网状碳化物;提高正火温度能显著减少正火组织中长条和短棒状碳化物的数量,利于获得较好的球化组织。2%铝质量分数超高碳钢经900～925 ℃正火后在830 ℃奥氏体化并在760 ℃等温4 h后获得了由超细铁素体＋细小球状渗碳体组成的完全球化组织。     

Effects of Nb Modification and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure in an Ultrahigh Carbon Steel

In this study, two different melting methods were used to investigate effects of Nb modification on microstructure in ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS). Nb-free and Nb-modified UHCS samples were produced by melting and resolidifying an industrially produced base UHCS with and without addition of Nb powder. Microstructure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron dispersive spectroscopy. Equilibrium computations of phase fractions and compositions were utilized to help describe microstructural changes caused by the Nb additions. Nb combined with C to form NbC structures before and during austenite solidification, reducing the effective amount of carbon available for the other phases. Cementite network spacing in the Nb-free samples was controlled by the cooling rate during solidification (faster cooling led to a more refined network). Network spacing in the Nb-modified UHCS could be enlarged by NbC structures that formed cooperatively with austenite.     

合金化和球化工艺对超高碳钢组织和性能的影响

 研究了合金化和球化工艺对超高碳钢组织和性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能谱仪观察了钢的组织形貌和元素分布。结果表明：在碳和铬含量相同的超高碳钢中加入同量的合金元素铝和硅时,铝可明显抑制锻造组织中网状或粗大的颗粒状碳化物的析出、细化珠光体组织和控制石墨形成。UHCS 213Si和UHCS 261Al钢经850 ℃×3 h球化退火处理后,都能得到较好的球化组织,其力学性能分别为：UHCS 213Si钢,Rm=1 033 MPa,Re=734 MPa,A=149%;UHCS 261Al钢,Rm=973 MPa,Re=677 MPa,A=182%。     

New Spheroidizing Technique of Ultra-High Carbon Steel With Aluminum Addition

A new spheroidizing process of ultra-high carbon steel （UHCS） containing C 1.55%, Cr 1.45%, and Al 1.5% in mass percent has been proposed. The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure was analyzed. The UHCS produced by this new process has a microstructure with recrystallized ferrite matrix and fine and uniform carbide particles. After this spheroidizing, the UHCS exhibits good mechanical properties at ambient temperature, for example σb= 1 100 MPa, σs =915 MPa, δ=8% and high ratio of σs/σb.     

一种具有优化组织和优异性能的超高碳钢

研究了超高碳钢不同组织结构与其力学性能之间的关系,分析了珠光体和球化组织各自的优点和缺点,并提出将这两种组织结合起来,进行优化组合的创新性的思路。研发了一种具有特别结构的超高碳钢,其晶内为细密珠光体,晶界邻区为球化组织。这种材料同时兼有珠光体所能提供的高强度和球化组织所能提供的高塑性,达到了抗拉强度1300MPa,伸长率18％的优异综合力学性能。     

喷射成形与传统熔炼高速钢M2的组织与力学性能研究

通过喷射成形和传统熔炼（中频冶炼+电渣重熔）两种工艺生产了高速钢M2（W6Mo5Cr4V2）试样，利用金相显微镜和M-200磨损试验机对同规格同位置的两种试样的退火组织、非金属夹杂物、淬回火硬度、显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，喷射成形M2试样的碳化物分布均匀、尺寸细小，传统熔炼M2试样碳化物呈条带状分布；在相同热处理制度和位置下，喷射成形M2试样的回火硬度与传统熔炼M2试样相当；喷射成形M2试样的耐磨性要比传统M2试样提高约41%；喷射成形M2试样中尺寸大于2μm的MC类碳化物数量明显多于传统M2试样，使得在同等硬度下喷射成形M2试样的耐磨性能要优于传统M2试样。由此可知，喷射成形M2试样的组织及力学性能均优于传统熔炼M2试样，喷射成形技术具有工艺先进性。     

Grain Boundary Characteristics of As-cast Semi-solid Processed Ultra-high Carbon Steel

The microstructure of 1.4?% carbon steel produced either by ordinary casting or semi-solid casting with different primary fraction of solids using cooling plate technique was investigated. The microstructure of ordinary ultrahigh-carbon steel (O-UHCS), was improved by the semi-solid processing. Grain boundary cementite thickness of UHCS and its morphology is affected by semi-solid process. Grain boundary cementite thickness of about 2???m can be achieved by pouring the semi-solid slurry with 0.31 fraction of solid. The pearlitic interlamellar spacing of semi-solid processed UHCS is shorter compared to O-UHCS.     

Layer thickness effect on ductile tensile fracture

Laminated metal composites containing equal volume percentage of ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) and brass were prepared in three different layer thicknesses (750, 200, and 50 μm) by press- bonding and rolling at elevated temperature and were tensile tested at ambient temperature. A dramatic increase in tensile ductility (from 13 to 21 to 60 pct) and a decrease in delamination tendency at the UHCS-brass interfaces were observed as the layer thickness was decreased. The layer thickness effect on ductility is attributed to residual stress whose influence on delamination is decreased as the layer thickness is decreased. Suppression of delamination inhibits neck for- mation in the UHCS layers, allowing for extended uniform plasticity. For a given layer thick- ness, the tensile ductility decreases as the ratio of hardness of component layers is increased.     

Spray Forming of Bulk Ultrafine-Grained Al-Fe-Cr-Ti

An Al-2.7Fe-1.9Cr-1.8Ti alloy has been spray formed in bulk and the microstructure and properties compared with those of similar alloys produced by casting, powder aomization (PA), and mechanical alloying (MA) routes. In PA and MA routes, a nanoscale metastable icosahedral phase is usually formed and is known to confer high tensile strength. Unlike previous studies of the spray forming of similar Al-based metastable phase containing alloys that were restricted to small billets with high porosity, standard spray forming conditions were used here to produce a ~98 pct dense 19-kg billet that was hot isostatically pressed (“HIPed”), forged, and/or extruded. The microstructure has been investigated at all stages of processing using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the Diamond Light Source. Consistent with the relatively low cooling rate in spray forming under standard conditions, the microstructure showed no compelling evidence for the formation of metastable icosahedral phases. Nonetheless, after downstream processing, the spray-formed mechanical properties as a function of temperature were very similar to both PA rapid solidification (RS) materials and those made by MA. These aspects have been rationalized in terms of the typical phases, defects, and residual strains produced in each process route.     

Phase transformation-induced grain refinement in rapidly solidified ultra-high-carbon steels

Superplastic forming offers a promising approach for reducing the cost of high-performance metal components with complex shapes. Severe thermomechanical deformation is one method for producing the fine grain structure needed to permit superplastic forming economically. Our approach to generating fine-grained microstructures is by cyclic heat treatment of rapidly solidified material. First, a metastable structure is produced by rapid quenching of the liquid metal. Then, solid-state phase transformations at modest temperatures are employed to refine this structure. In the ultra-high-carbon steels (UHCS) studied, the brittle as-cast structure of martensite and austenite was transformed, after cyclic heat treatment, to a ductile mixture of 1-μm ferrite and 0.25-μm carbide. Varying the heat-treat temperatures by 100 °C within the transformation range had little effect on the scale of the microstructure. Higher C resulted in coarser carbide spheroids, addition of Al refined the microstructure, and the finest mean carbide size was obtained with an intermediate level (5 pct) of Cr. Refinement of the martensite plates retained austenite via cyclic tempering and austenitization was found to be the key step in the overall mechanism for phase transformation-induced grain refinement in rapidly solidified UHCS.     

Enhancement of Superplastic Properties in Ultrahigh Carbon Steel through Silicon Addition

The superplastic behaviour of ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) has been greatly improved by silicon additions and thermomechanical processing. A UHC steel containing 3 wt% Si shows superplastic behaviour in a wide temperature range from 650 to 900°C. This behaviour is observed even at high strain rates, i.e. 10^‐2 s^‐1, in the temperature range between 800 and 825°C. Furthermore, the flow stress required for superplastic deformation is reduced drastically, i.e. σ=12 MPa at a strain rate of 10^‐4 s^‐l. Finally, it is found that the flow stress at a given strain rate is relatively constant over a wide range of temperatures (750‐900°C) due to a unique transformation behaviour in the UHCS‐3Si alloy.