乙烯基酯树脂浇铸体的高应变率压缩响应行为

利用电子万能试验机和分离式Hopkinson 压杆研究了乙烯基酯树脂浇铸体在准静态和高应变率下的压缩特性, 考察了试样压缩失稳和破坏的形貌。结果表明: 在准静态加载下(应变率为3.3 ×10 -4 / s～6.6 ×10-3 / s) ,材料呈韧性破坏, 失稳应力、失稳应变能密度均随应变率的提高而提高, 失稳应变随应变率的提高而降低; 在高应变率下(应变率为950/ s～5800/ s) , 材料呈脆性破坏, 失稳应力、失稳应变能密度均随应变率的提高呈增加趋势, 而失稳应变也随应变率的提高而提高, 这与准静态不同, 表明在高应变率下, 材料发生了“强迫高弹形变”。观察试样失稳和破坏后的形貌可以发现, 试样的破坏在失稳前正应力起主导作用, 失稳后切应力起主导作用, 使试样产生裂纹进而造成宏观破坏; 乙烯基酯树脂内部损伤的演化, 也依赖于应变和应变率。      

Diatom frustule-filled epoxy: Experimental and numerical study of the quasi-static and high strain rate compression behavior

In this study, centric type diatom frustules obtained from a diatomaceous earth filter material were used as filler in an epoxy resin with a weight percentage of 15% in order to assess the possible effects on the compressive behavior at quasi-static and high strain rates. The high strain rate testing of frustule-filled and neat epoxy samples was performed in a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) set-up and modeled using the commercial explicit finite element code LS-DYNA 970. Result has shown that 15% frustule filling of epoxy increased both modulus and yield strength values at quasi-static and high strain rates without significantly reducing the failure strain. Microscopic observations revealed two main deformation modes: the debonding of the frustules from the epoxy and crushing/fracture of the frustules. The modeling results have further confirmed the attainment of stress equilibrium in the samples in SHPB testing following the initial elastic region and showed good agreement with the experimental stress–time response and deformation sequence of the samples in high strain rate testing.     

TC21钛合金中应变速率拉伸力学行为实验研究

对网篮组织TC21钛合金进行了0.001 s-1～50 s-1的中应变速率室温拉伸试验。试验结果表明,TC21拉伸力学行为在试验应变速率范围内具有明显的应变速率强化效应、应变硬化效应和随应变速率升高而逐渐增大的温升软化效应;屈服应力的应变速率相关性在6 s-1时发生转折;随应变率的升高,应变硬化效应减小,断裂应变和失稳应变增大;试验应变速率范围内TC21的变形机制为位错的热激活机制。SEM和金相观察结果表明,TC21的断裂方式均为韧性断裂,断裂机理为微孔洞的聚集和长大。     

铜纳米丝的应变率和尺寸效应的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法对铜纳米丝的应变率效应和尺寸效应进行了模拟研究．结果表明，随着加载应变率的增大，铜纳米丝从低应变率下的静态响应逐渐呈现出较高应变率下的准静态以及高应变率下的动态响应特征，其变形机制以及应力一应变曲线的形态也随之发生变化．在静态和准静态区域，位错运动是铜纳米丝塑性变形的主要来源，而在高应变率动态加载时，铜纳米丝出现整体结构的非品化，最大屈服应力也随着应变率的升高而增大，强化现象明显．当铜纳米丝的截面尺寸变化时，其弹性摸量、屈服应力以及屈服应变、进入强化区域的临界应变率等都发生相应的变化，尺寸效应显著。     

Experimental study on tensile property of AZ31B magnesium alloy at different high strain rates and temperatures

As the lightest metal material, magnesium alloy is widely used in the automobile and aviation industries. Due to the crashing of the automobile is a process of complicated and highly nonlinear deformation. The material deformation behavior has changed significantly compared with quasi-static, so the deformation characteristic of magnesium alloy material under the high strain rate has great significance in the automobile industry. In this paper, the tensile deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy is studied over a large range of the strain rates, from 700 s⁻¹ to 3 × 10³ s⁻¹ and at different temperatures from 20 to 250 °C through a Split-Hopkinson Tensile Bar (SHTB) with heating equipment. Compared with the quasi-static tension, the tensile strength and fracture elongation under high strain rates is larger at room temperature, but when at the high strain rates, fracture elongation reduces with the increasing of the strain rate at room temperature, the adiabatic temperature rising can enhance the material plasticity. The morphology of fracture surfaces over wide range of strain rates and temperatures are observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture appearance analysis indicates that the fracture pattern of AZ31B in the quasi-static tensile tests at room temperature is mainly quasi-cleavage pattern. However, the fracture morphology of AZ31B under high strain rates and high temperatures is mainly composed of the dimple pattern, which indicates ductile fracture pattern. The fracture mode is a transition from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture with the increasing of temperature, the reason for this phenomenon might be the softening effect under the high strain rates.     

HSLA TRIP钢的动态拉伸行为及其模拟

研究了HSLA TRIP钢的相变诱发塑性,并模拟了其动态流变行为．结果表明,HSLA TRIP钢是应变率敏感的,屈服强度和抗拉强度均随着应变率的提高而增大,断裂延伸率降低．其变形机理是应变率硬化、绝热软化和残余奥氏体的应变诱发相变等因素的综合作用．计及拉伸流变过程中准静态向热激活、热激活向粘性拖曳及热激活和粘性拖曳综合作用和高应变率热软化特性,计算结果与实验具有较好的一致性．在高应变率拉伸变形过程中HSLA TRIP钢的塑性功热转化率为0．8-0．9．     

ZK60稀土镁合金高温塑性变形行为研究

为了研究镁合金高温塑性变形行为,采用Gleeble-1500型热/力压缩模拟机对ZK60-RE稀土镁合金在423~673 K及0.002~0.1 s-1应变速率进行不同变形程度的高温压缩模拟试验,分析了实验合金在高温压缩变形时流变应力、应变速率以及变形温度之间的关系,推导并计算了不同应变速率和不同温度下的变形激活能,并观察了不同变形程度的显微组织.结果表明:试验合金在一定变形速度下,较低的温度压缩时以加工硬化为主,较高的温度下以动态再结晶为主.峰值应力随变形速度的降低和温度的升高而下降.合金的变形激活能在523~623 K内迅速上升.     

应变速率对TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-O.2C力学性能的影响

开展了固溶处理后TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-0.2C的拉伸实验,研究了应变速率对其拉伸变形行为的影响.结果表明,当应变速率在2.97×10-4-1.49×10-1s-1范围内变化时,钢的屈服强度没有明显变化,随着应变速率增大,抗拉强度稍有降低,延伸率明显减小.当应变速率较低时,其加工硬化速率随着真应变呈现三个阶段...     

DP980高强钢动态拉伸力学行为

对比分析DP980高强钢在应变速率10~(-3)~10~3s~(-1)范围内的动态拉伸实验结果,研究其力学行为以及断裂模式特点。结果表明:应变速率从准静态(10~(-3)s~(-1))增加至10~0s~(-1)过程中,强度基本保持不变,塑性下降了7.5%;应变速率从100s~(-1)增加至103s~(-1)过程中,强度不断增大,而塑性在10~0~10~2s~(-1)范围内上升14%,随后在10~2~103s~(-1)范围内下降了24.7%;应变速率敏感系数m始终随应变速率的增加而升高。变形过程中,位错增殖强化和加速阻力是强度上升的主要原因。塑性变形集中在铁素体中,微孔裂纹主要沿马氏体/铁素体交界扩展。试样沿厚度方向上的宏观断口,在应变速率小于101s~(-1)时呈"V"形杯锥状,在应变速率高于10~1s~(-1)时则是与拉伸方向成约45°的纯剪切型。     

应变速率对一种无铼单晶高温合金低周疲劳性能的影响

研究了一种无铼镍基单晶高温合金在1223 K、不同应变速率(5×10^-4s^-1、1×10^-3s^-1、5×10^-3s^-1、1×10^-2s^-1)条件下的低周疲劳行为。结果表明:在四种应变速率条件下,合金均表现出循环稳定。随着应变速率的增加,合金的疲劳寿命逐渐增加,且其半寿命稳定滞后回线环内面积逐渐减少,表明低应变速率合金更容易积累蠕变塑性变形。疲劳裂纹源均萌生于试样表面,随着应变速率的增加,疲劳过程中产生的塑性变形越来越少,疲劳裂纹扩展区的面积逐渐增大。低应变速率时,较大的塑性变形导致合金取向发生明显的偏转,诱发多滑移系开动进而形成位错网;反之,高应变速率时,合金没有产生明显的塑性变形,只有单一方向的位错塞积形成位错束。     

高强高模聚乙烯纤维力学性能的应变率和温度效应

利用MTS810材料试验机、旋转盘式杆-杆型冲击拉伸装置和温度控制箱,在温度20℃~110℃、应变率为0.001/s~700/s范围内,对高强高模聚乙烯纤维束进行了准静态和高应变率冲击拉伸实验,得到了不同温度、不同应变率时纤维束的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:高强高模聚乙烯纤维束的初始弹性模量具有应变率和温度相关的特性,随应变率提高而增加,随温度提高而下降;在常温下,破坏应力从准静态到动态,具有明显的应变率相关性,随应变率提高而增加,但在20℃~110℃范围内、高应变率下,对应变率变化不敏感;失稳应变也具有应变率和温度相关的特性,随应变率提高而减小,随温度提高而增大。在高应变率下,断裂应变能密度主要由初始弹性模量和失稳应变共同决定,受温度效应和应变率效应的综合影响。     

Calcined and natural frustules filled epoxy matrices: The effect of volume fraction on the tensile and compression behavior

The effects of calcined diatom (CD) and natural diatom (ND) frustules filling (0–12 vol.%) on the quasi-static tensile and quasi-static and high strain rate compression behavior of an epoxy matrix were investigated experimentally. The high strain rate testing of frustules-filled and neat epoxy samples was performed in a compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar set-up. The frustules filling increased the stress values at a constant strain and decreased the tensile failure strains of the epoxy matrix. Compression tests results showed that frustules filling of epoxy increased both elastic modulus and yield strength values at quasi-static and high strain rates. While, a higher strengthening effect and strain rate sensitivity were found with ND frustules filling. Microscopic observations revealed two main compression deformation modes at quasi-static strain rates: the debonding of the frustules from the epoxy and/or crushing of the frustules. However, the failure of the filled composites at high strain rates was dominated by the fracture of epoxy matrix.     

E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料轴向拉伸力学性能的应变率效应

采用MTS-810材料试验机、Zwick-HTM5020高速拉伸试验机及分离式Hopkinson拉杆（SHTB）实验装置,并结合数字图像相关性（Digital image correlation,DIC）分析方法,对E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料棒材在10^-3~2 400 s^-1应变率范围内的轴向拉伸力学性能进行了较系统的实验研究,获得了不同应变率下材料的应力-应变曲线,揭示了应变率对材料的拉伸强度和断裂应变的影响规律。通过显微分析拉伸试样的断口形貌,揭示了试样的断裂机制及对应变率的依赖性。实验结果表明：E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能具有强烈的应变率效应,归一化拉伸强度随着应变率对数线性增加,而归一化断裂应变则随着对数应变率线性减小;断口显微分析显示：E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的轴向拉伸断裂模式依赖于应变率,低应变率加载下试样发生沿45°方向的剪切断裂,随着应变率增大,试样断裂模式逐渐过渡到沿轴向的拉伸断裂,特别是在高应变加载下,观察到大量的玻璃纤维丝被拉断,同时环氧树脂基体也发生严重的碎裂现象,这反映了基体材料与玻璃纤维之间相互约束作用在增强。     

Mg-3Al-6Zn-2Y合金在不同应变率加载下的力学性能研究

在不同应变率压缩与拉伸下,研究了Mg-3Al-6Zn-2Y合金的力学性能,发现两种条件下合金力学性能变化规律不同。压缩情况下,随应变率增大,合金的流变应力增大,极限强度、屈服强度、破坏应变先增大后减小,塑性先增大后减小;拉伸情况下,随应变率增大,合金的流变应力、极限强度、屈服强度先增大后减小,破坏应变减小,塑性减小。压缩情况下合金流变应力的应变率敏感性高于拉伸情况。     

Deformation dynamics at low and ambient temperatures

The variation of tensile yield stress at a constant strain rate as a function of temperature for well-annealed pure metals show, with increasing temperatures, a rather sharp drop in yield stress (low temperature regime), followed by the intermediate temperature regime where yield stress decreases more slowly (and the ratio of yield stress to shear modulus remains more or less constant), which in turn is followed by the high temperature regime where the yield stress drops again rather sharply. The paper discusses the phenomenological framework for studying deformation dynamics in the low and intermediate temperature regimes. The approach adopted is the well-known state variable approach, where the evolutionary nature of deformation structure is described by one or more structure variables such that the current values of mechanical variables and structure variables together completely define the current state of deformation. A critical analysis of experimental results available suggest that at least for deformation at low strain rates, stress-rate is probably not a state variable of deformation. Thus deformation is most conveniently studied in terms of TASRA (thermally activated strain rate analysis) where the stress, plastic strain rate, temperature and structure are interrelated through a Gibb’s free energy for thermal activation by an Arrhenius equation. The stress-dependence of Gibb’s free energy and its maximum value then form the basis of identifying the rate-controlling obstacles. The need for careful experimentation and systematic analysis is illustrated by the example of low temperature deformation of hard hep metals. Modelling for the evolution of deformation structure is also touched upon.     

Experimental studies on the dynamic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–2Sn–2Zr–3Mo–1Cr–2Nb–Si alloy with Widmanstatten microstructure at elevated temperatures

The tensile behavior of a newly developed Ti–6Al–2Sn–2Zr–3Mo–1Cr–2Nb–Si alloy, referred as TC21, is investigated at temperatures ranging from 298 to 1023 K and under constant strain rate loadings ranging from 0.001 to 1270 s⁻¹. The results show that temperature and strain rate have significant effects on the tensile behavior of the material. At low strain rates of 0.001 and 0.05 s⁻¹, a discontinuity is found in the yield stress–temperature curve. And the discontinuity temperature increases with increasing strain rate. The analysis of temperature and strain rate dependence of unstable strain indicates a high-velocity-ductility phenomenon at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the material is broken in a mixture manner of ductile fracture and intergranular fracture under low strain rates at room temperature, while the fracture manner changes to totally ductile fracture under other testing conditions. The width and depth of ductile dimples increase with increasing temperature. No adiabatic shear band is found in the tensile deformation of the material.     

An Investigation of the Mechanical Behaviors of [45/-45/0/90]ns Satin Weave Composite at Different Loading Rates

The objective of this article is to investigate the compressive behaviors of [45/-45/0/90]_ns satin weave E-7781 glass/Eepoxy composite laminate under different loading strain rates along the in-plane direction. The low strain rate tests were conducted with an INSTRON testing machine, and the high strain rate tests were conducted using a pulse shaper modified compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus. Failure strength and strain at peak stress were evaluated experimentally at different strain rates. The results showed that failure strength and strain at peak stress were rate sensitive. A few strain rate dependent constitutive models were referred to describe the dynamic mechanical behaviors of woven composites with various stacking sequence, and the constants in the equations could be confirmed from experiment data. Optical and microscopic graphs on the specimens were carefully examined to determine operative failure modes. Within the studied strain rate regimes, the failure mode was observed to change from splitting followed by fiber kink banding to predominantly delamination and shear fracture as the strain rate increases from quasi-static to high strain rates.     

TRIP钢的动态拉伸变形行为研究

在气动式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸试验机上对二种TRIP钢的拉伸性能随应变率的变化进行了研究,对强度随应变率的变化以及断口形貌和孔洞与变形的关系进行了分析.研究结果表明:TRIP钢在所研究的应变率范围对应变率是敏感的,屈服强度和抗拉强度随应变率增加明显提高.SEM分析发现,TRIP钢断口体现为典型的延性断裂特征,而且残余奥氏体的变形诱发相变对孔洞形成位置的影响使得其具有较好的延性.     

典型浇注PBX炸药的准静态压缩力学行为

采用定应变压缩试验研究了准静态压缩条件下浇注PBX炸药(浇注型高聚物黏结炸药)的力学行为,测试了典型浇注炸药PBX-1在损伤前、后的性能,获得了炸药的真应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明,浇注PBX炸药在准静态压缩条件下的力学行为分为接触压缩、弹性变形、损伤破坏和应变软化4个阶段。在压缩应变不超过损伤应变时,PBX-1炸药主要以弹性变形为主,屈服强度和屈服应变没有发生明显改变;在压缩应变超过损伤应变后,炸药中黏结剂断裂,颗粒脱黏,发生塑性变形。压缩应变增加至8%后,PBX-1炸药密度降低,残余应变增大;PBX-1炸药的屈服强度为0.6 MPa,屈服应变为10.6%,损伤应变为8%,炸药的损伤应变可以作为强度校核的依据。     

低合金汽车结构钢动态响应模型研究

目的 研究低合金汽车结构钢不同应变速率下的动态响应行为,并提供一种简单准确的动态增长因子的预测方法,为内高压成形工艺提供参考.方法 进行高应变速率拉伸(动态拉伸)实验,并用高速摄像机和扫描电子显微镜对材料的拉伸行为和断口形貌进行表征,利用实验数据建立一系列结构钢的动态响应模型,研究不同应变速率下的响应特性.结果 随着应...