复合稳定剂对碱性蛋白酶的作用研究

通过单因素实验得出了对碱性蛋白酶稳定效果较好的几种保护剂:5mmol·L-1 Ca2 ;20mg·mL-1微肢粒抑制剂丙二醇-单甲醚;0.01%(质量体积比)可逆蛋白酶活性抑制剂4-甲酰苯基硼酸;1%甘油.在此基础上,进行L18(37)正交实验,以相对酶活率为指标,考察了不同酶活性保护荆在不同条件下对液体碱性蛋白酶活力的影响,筛选到一种优质高效的碱性蛋白酶稳定荆配方为:5mmol·L-1Ca2 ,15mg·mL-1丙二醇-单甲醚,0.015%4-甲酰苯基硼酸,1%甘油.加入液体碱性蛋白酶40℃保存15d后,相对酶活力仍保持在85%以上.     

柔软的球状和长方体状氧化硅中空结构的制备研究

采用自组装形成的芘纳米结构作为模板,成功地制备了柔软的球状和长方体状氧化硅中空结构.当不同量的芘在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液中自组装时,产生的自组装结构展现出明显的从球状到长方体状的形貌变化.这些结构被用作氧化硅前驱体溶胶-凝胶反应的模板,获得了球状和长方体状氧化硅/芘复合结构.通过乙醇除去模板后,生成了柔软的球状(直径约为400nm)和长方体状(长为0.5—2.5μm)的氧化硅中空结构.这些结果展现了采用有机纳米结构作为模板来合成无机中空结构的优势:合成简便、结构多样以及结构形貌的灵活可控.     

One‐Step Immobilization of Protein‐Encapsulated Core/Shell Particles onto Nanofibers

A novel method is described to functionalize nanofibers to form a nanocomposite with core/shell particles in order to control protein release. The nanocomposite is produced by electrically neutralizing negatively charged poly(lactic acid) nanofibers with positively charged poly[(lactic acid)‐co‐(glycolic acid)] particles via a one‐step electrohydrodynamic jetting process. The protein‐encapsulated core/shell particles exhibited no significant initial burst release or denaturation. The protein release profile was controlled by porosity and protein/polymer interactions. The method may be promising to engineer intelligent scaffolds that can fulfill the needs of biomimetic materials.

     

Effects of Spray Drying Temperature and Additives on the Stability of Serine Alkaline Protease Powders

In this study, after production by recombinant Bacillus subtilis (BGSC-1A751), carrying pHV1431::subc gene in the complex medium and separation of solids from the fermentation broth, serine alkaline protease (SAP) was dried in order to investigate the stabilization during spray drying and subsequent storage. The effect of air inlet temperature of the spray dryer between T = 70 and 130°C and the effect of protective additives, glucose and maltodextrin, at 0–2% (w/v) on SAP activity during spray drying and storage stability of obtained SAP powders at 4°C for a long period (6 months) were evaluated. Increasing drying air inlet temperature generally resulted in an increase in activity loss; moreover, higher absorbance peaks observed at wave number 1061 cm^?1 of the IR spectrums when drying temperature is increased indicates the structural change in the SAP molecule. In most cases presence of additives provided higher activities both after drying and during storage period compared to no additive case. Drying the enzyme with 1% (w/v) glucose at T = 110°C resulted in the highest enzyme activity after drying and storage processes.     

硅气凝胶/空心玻璃微珠保温涂料的研制

硅气凝胶具有纤细纳米网络结构,是迄今为止导热系数最低的固体材料。本研究从传热学机理出发,以硅气凝胶、空心玻璃微珠为功能填料,辅以无机高分子基料、填料和助剂,经特殊工艺制得了保温涂料,对涂料的性能进行了检测,并对硅气凝胶保温涂料的保温机理进行了分析,该涂料将在建筑、输送管道、窑炉、异型件等方面有广阔的应用前景。     

井冈霉素载药二氧化硅空心微球的原位制备及缓释性能评价

利用正硅酸乙酯在W/O乳液中的原位水解聚合,成功制备了包埋井冈霉素的二氧化硅载药空心微球. 对所得产品进行了SEM, XRD, FT-IR和粒径分布等分析,结果表明,载药空心微球粒径分布窄,范围在7.5~15 mm,球状形貌良好,具有空心结构,呈无定型态. 热重分析表明载药空心微球的药物负载量约为31.9%(w),缓释溶出实验显示载药空心微球药物释放持续时间约240 min,最终释放量达总载药量的90%以上.     

中空SiO_2微球的制备及其对水性聚氨酯涂膜透水汽性能的影响

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵胶束为软模板、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)为混合硅源、氨水为催化剂制备了表面亲水的中空Si O2微球。考察了硅源总用量、硅源比例(TEOS/KH-550)对中空Si O2微球形貌的影响。然后将制备的中空Si O2微球与水性聚氨酯乳液物理共混,考察中空Si O2微球对水性聚氨酯涂膜透水汽性、耐水性以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅源总用量的增加,中空Si O2微球的粒径变化不大,壳层厚度先增大后不再变化,且其中小粒径实心Si O2微球的数目增加,复合涂膜的透水汽性呈现先升高后降低的趋势;随着硅源中TEOS比例的增大,中空Si O2微球的壁厚逐渐增加,复合涂膜的透水汽性先逐渐升高后逐渐降低;同时,中空Si O2微球对复合涂膜的力学性能和耐水性能均有一定的改善作用。     

HGB改性酚醛／高硅氧布复合材料的制备及性能

采用高强中空玻璃微珠(HGB)改性酚醛树脂(PF),制备了PF/高硅氧布/HGB复合材料层压板,研究了HGB含量对复合材料烧蚀性能、密度、隔热性能的影响,同时采用扫描电子显微镜和金相电子显微镜观察了HGB的分布。结果表明,HGB均匀分散在纤维束与纤维束之间的树脂胶液中;适量的HGB可提高复合材料炭化层强度,从而提高复合材料的耐烧蚀能力;当HGB质量分数为5%时,复合材料氧-乙炔线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率最低,分别为0.091 mm/s和0.0669 g/s,比未添加HGB的降低了35.9%和20.1%;复合材料的密度随HGB含量的增加而降低;综合比热容、热扩散系数和导热系数的分析,当HGB质量分数为5%时,复合材料的综合隔热性能最好。     

Polymer and Silica Supported Tridentate Schiff Base Vanadium Catalysts for the Asymmetric Oxidation of Ethyl Mandelate – Activity,Stability and Recyclability

Homogeneous tridentate Schiff base vanadium catalysts derived from salicylaldehydes and tert‐leucinol or tert‐leucine are known to be excellent catalysts for the asymmetric oxidation of α‐hydroxy esters including ethyl mandelate. Herein, new analogous supported, semi‐soluble and insoluble catalysts are synthesized and their activities relative to the homogeneous catalyst are reported. The new catalysts are characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (EI, ESI, FAB), X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen physisorption. The effects of support material, synthesis procedure, and reaction solvent are examined to probe the utility of these catalysts. Linear poly(styrene) supported catalysts are partially soluble under the reaction conditions, and it is shown that the soluble species contribute significantly to the catalytic reactivity. Insoluble catalysts based on the same vanadyl complexes supported on cross‐linked poly(styrene) resin or mesoporous silica allow for catalyst recovery and recycle, showing equivalent selectivities over multiple reaction cycles. The mesoporous silica supported catalyst exhibits greater selectivity than the analogous homogeneous and polymer supported catalysts. Rigorous recycle studies show a loss of activity in each recycle, which is attributed to the decomposition of some portion of the vanadyl complexes in each cycle.     

碱性蓄电池壳盖冲击强度影响因素分析

介绍了塑料冲击强度的概念，并针对碱性蓄电池壳盖所用的几种热塑性塑料如（乙烯-丙烯）共聚物、（丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯）共聚物、尼龙、（丙烯腈-苯乙烯）共聚物、（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯）共聚物具体分析了材料、成型工艺、制品设计、模具设计对冲击强度产生的影响，给出了提高冲击强度的方法。     

Enhancement of Dimensional Stability and Optical Transparency of Colorless Organo-Soluble Polyimide by Incorporation of Silica and Cosolvent

One facile approach to synthesize colorless polyimide (PI) film with enhanced dimensional stability and optical transparency is presented. With the optimum weight ratio of cosolvent GBL/DMAc, the PI film demonstrates the highest thermal stability and optical transparency. A further improvement in dimensional stability and optical transparency is achieved by blending silica sol and coupling agent in PI solution. The PI-50wt%SiO₂ film exhibits a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 26 ppm/°C, high optical transmittance at 550 nm of 90.1%, and an ultra-low yellow index less than 1.4, indicating its potential application as substrate material in advanced microelectronic applications.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials for the SI Figures.]     

Comparatively Thermal and Crystalline Study of Poly(methyl‐methacrylate)/Polyacrylonitrile Hybrids: Core–Shell Hollow Fibers,Porous Fibers,and Thin Films

The polyacrylonitrile/polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA/PAN) porous fibers, core–shell hollow fibers, and porous thin films are prepared by coaxial electrospinning, single electrospinning, and spin‐coating technologies, respectively. The different morphologies arising from different processes display great influences on their thermal and crystalline properties. The adding of PMMA causes porous structure due to the microphase‐separation structure of immiscible PMMA and PAN phases. The lower weight loss, higher degradation temperature, and glass‐transition temperatures of porous thin films than those of porous fibers and core–shell hollow fibers are obtained, evidencing that the polymer morphologies produced from the different process can efficiently influence their physical properties. The orthorhombic structure of PAN crystals are found in the PMMA/PAN porous thin films, but the rotational disorder PAN crystals due to intermolecular packing are observed in the PMMA/PAN porous fibers and core–shell hollow fibers, indicating that different processes cause different types of PAN crystals.

     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of CIGB-258 against Acute Toxicity of Carboxymethyllysine in Paralyzed Zebrafish via Enhancement of High-Density Lipoproteins Stability and Functionality

Background: Hyperinflammation is frequently associated with the chronic pain of autoimmune disease and the acute death of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) via a severe cytokine cascade. CIGB-258 (Jusvinza^®), an altered peptide ligand with 3 kDa from heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), inhibits the systemic inflammation and cytokine storm, but the precise mechanism is still unknown. Objective: The protective effect of CIGB-258 against inflammatory stress of N-ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was tested to provide mechanistic insight. Methods: CIGB-258 was treated to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and injected into zebrafish and its embryo to test a putative anti-inflammatory activity under presence of CML. Results: Treatment of CML (final 200 μM) caused remarkable glycation of HDL with severe aggregation of HDL particles to produce dysfunctional HDL, which is associated with a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I stability and lowered paraoxonase activity. Degradation of HDL₃ by ferrous ions was attenuated by a co-treatment with CIGB-258 with a red-shift of the Trp fluorescence in HDL. A microinjection of CML (500 ng) into zebrafish embryos resulted in the highest embryo death rate, only 18% of survivability with developmental defects. However, co-injection of CIGB-258 (final 1 ng) caused the remarkable elevation of survivability around 58%, as well as normal developmental speed. An intraperitoneal injection of CML (final 250 μg) into adult zebrafish resulted acute paralysis, sudden death, and laying down on the bottom of the cage with no swimming ability via neurotoxicity and inflammation. However, a co-injection of CIGB-258 (1 μg) resulted in faster recovery of the swimming ability and higher survivability than CML alone injection. The CML alone group showed 49% survivability, while the CIGB-258 group showed 97% survivability (p < 0.001) with a remarkable decrease in hepatic inflammation up to 50%. A comparison of efficacy with CIGB-258, Infliximab (Remsima^®), and Tocilizumab (Actemra^®) showed that the CIGB-258 group exhibited faster recovery and swimming ability with higher survivability than those of the Infliximab group. The CIGB-258 group and Tocilizumab group showed the highest survivability, the lowest plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride level, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils in hepatic tissue. Conclusion: CIGB-258 ameliorated the acute neurotoxicity, paralysis, hyperinflammation, and death induced by CML, resulting in higher survivability in zebrafish and its embryos by enhancing the HDL structure and functionality.     

The Combination of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment with Moderate Physical Activity Alleviates the Severity of Experimental Colitis in Obese Mice via Modulation of Gut Microbiota,Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokines,Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Oxidative Damage in Colonic Mucosa

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly considered as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, but the possibility that the alterations in gut microbiota and oxidative stress may affect the course of experimental colitis in obese physically exercising mice treated with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been little elucidated. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 14 weeks were randomly assigned to exercise on spinning wheels (SW) for 7 weeks and treated with IAP followed by intrarectal administration of TNBS. The disease activity index (DAI), grip muscle strength test, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GSH), DNA damage (8-OHdG), the plasma levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17a, TNF-α, MCP-1 and leptin were assessed, and the stool composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by next generation sequencing (NGS). The TNBS-induced colitis was worsened in obese sedentary mice as manifested by severe colonic damage, an increase in DAI, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and decreased muscle strength. The longer running distance and weight loss was observed in mice given IAP or subjected to IAP + SW compared to sedentary ones. Less heterogeneous microbial composition was noticed in sedentary obese colitis mice and this effect disappeared in IAP + SW mice. Absence of Alistipes, lower proportion of Turicibacter, Proteobacteria and Faecalibacterium, an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium, a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-OHdG content and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in IAP + SW mice. IAP supplementation in combination with moderate physical activity attenuates the severity of murine colitis complicated by obesity through a mechanism involving the downregulation of the intestinal cytokine/chemokine network and oxidative stress, the modulation of the gut microbiota and an improvement of muscle strength.