铝及铝合金电镀研究进展

铝及铝合金电镀层具有优良的防腐性能及装饰性能,广泛应用金属防护和表面装饰等领域。本文针对铝和铝合金电镀研究及发展状况,在电镀基体、电镀层成分、电镀体系、电镀添加剂等几个方面进行文献综述,其中主要对熔盐电镀金属铝及合金的发展作重点论述,并对近年来发展的一些新的电镀技术进行了介绍。本文在文献综述的基础上,结合我们在熔盐电镀领域的研究经验,对熔盐电镀铝的方法及研究成果进行分析总结,旨在推动铝与铝合金电镀技术的发展。     

离子液体电解质体系铝及铝合金电沉积与铝精炼研究进展

传统上,铝、稀土和碱金属及碱土金属等活泼金属主要是通过高温熔盐电解法得到,其电解工艺流程能耗高.近几年来,对离子液体的不断深入研究,提出离子液体为电解质体系用于金属铝、铝精炼和铝合金.综述目前采用离子液体体系进行铝及铝合金电沉积,粗铝、铝合金和铝基复合材料电解精炼回收铝的研究现状和研究进展.介绍和评述离子液体电解质电沉积、精炼铝的应用情况和所取得的研究成果,探讨离子液体电解质用于铝行业的发展趋势和研究动向.      

铝合金的熔盐电镀

介绍了Ａｌ－Ｍ合金在无机氯化物体系及有机体系中的熔盐电镀，着重介绍了合金电镀的条件、合金镀层组成、结构和性能，从而展示了Ａｌ－Ｍ合金熔盐电镀广阔的应用前景。     

无机氯化物体系中的Al-M合金熔盐电镀分析与研究

对当前的铝合金进行熔盐电镀工作可以使合金形成一种合金镀层,以此来提高其抗腐蚀性以及装饰性等突出特点。具体办法是在合金熔盐中利用电沉积法,让合金具备更加优异的物理性能。本文对于当前无机氯化物体系当中的Al-M系列合金进行熔盐电镀工作,分析和研究在进行改良后其组成成分、结构以及性能方面的改变过程,并且对其影响因素进行分析。从众多合金中选择Al-Cr进行分析。     

钢丝热镀铝工艺研究

在钢材表面覆盖铝层主要用以提高材料的耐蚀和耐热性能。覆盖铝层的方法有:电镀铝、喷镀铝、热镀铝、固体渗铝等。热镀铝所得到的镀层与钢材基体的结合情况如图1所示:在高温条件下工作时,纯铝层会继续向钢材基体内扩散,钢材基体内的铁质点也会向纯铝层扩散,使镀层完全形成铁铝合金。镀层表面的氧化铝薄膜仍保持不变,其机     

铝离子电池电解质研究进展

铝离子电池因其原材料成本低,金属铝负极理论容量高,以及整个电池体系的高安全性而被认为是“后锂时代”储能系统的有力候选者。目前,铝离子电池的研究更多集中在正极材料方面,然而电解质作为电池的重要组成部分,无论在液态还是固态铝离子电池中,对电池的电化学性能及安全性都具有关键性作用。近年来,有关铝离子电池电解质的研究报道迅速增加。基于此,文中综述了铝离子电池电解质的研究进展,主要包括水系电解质和非水系离子液体、无机熔盐、凝胶聚合物电解质,并探讨了不同电解质体系在电化学窗口、稳定性、工作温度条件、离子电导率和成本等方面的优势与局限性,对未来的发展方向作出了展望。     

熔盐电镀铝和铝合金

本文介绍了熔盐电镀铝和铝合金所用的熔盐、工艺及电镀机理，通过对熔盐电镀铝和铝合金的优缺点进行总结，阐明了该技术的应用前景以及今后研究工作的主要方向     

熔盐体系中电沉积制备TiB2镀层的研究现状

介绍了熔盐体系中电沉积制备TiB2镀层技术中熔盐的选择、电镀工艺和参数的选择，概述了不同熔盐体系中B离子、Ti离子在阴极沉积的电化学机珲以及TiB2的合成机理，论述了TiB2惰性阴极在铝电解工业中的研究现状，最后分析了熔盐体系中石墨电极上制备TiB2镀层的可行性。     

熔盐电解制备锆镀层的研究进展

锆因中子吸收截面低、抗腐蚀性强,在核工业和化工业中广泛用作结构材料和耐腐蚀材料。工业中制备海绵锆的Kroll法和加工锆产品的工艺复杂且不经济,导致锆器件价格昂贵。因此,工艺简单且经济的熔盐电沉积法获得了广泛的研究。针对3种不同碱金属熔盐体系(氯化物、氯化物-氟化物、氟化物),综述了锆的还原机制和制备工艺,为制备均匀、连续的锆镀层提供理论和技术上的参考。在3种不同碱金属熔盐体系中,锆离子在纯氯化物熔盐中的还原机制最复杂,在纯氟化物熔盐中最简单。锆离子还原过程越简单,越有利于电镀出高质量的锆镀层。在不同熔盐中沉积出高质量镀层顺序为:氯化物体系混合体系含K的混合体系氟化物体系含K的氟化物体系。但钾离子含量过多时,可能会析出金属钾。因此,锆的熔盐电镀应当在混合熔盐和全氟化物熔盐中根据电镀温度和电流密度大小来寻找最佳含钾浓度。     

熔盐电解质体系及在制备铝合金中的研究进展

铝合金具有抗腐蚀、易于加工、强度高、密度小等优点,在各行各业中都有着大量的应用。采用熔盐电解法制备铝合金具有生产工艺简单、效率高、生产成本低、生产周期短等特点,近些年来得到广泛关注,其中熔盐体系的选择成为主要的研究热点。本文以温度划分熔盐体系为高温熔盐和离子液体,综述了这2种熔盐体系的优点、分类以及一些反应机理,并从这2类熔盐体系出发,分别介绍了一些铝合金的制备工艺以及相关的技术创新。最后,分别阐述了高温熔盐和离子液体所存在的优缺点,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

离子液体在分析化学中的应用进展

离子液体是由一种特定阳离子和阴离子构成且在室温或近于室温下呈液态的熔盐体系。其主要特点是几乎没有蒸汽压,低熔点、高稳定性、电化学窗口大、酸性可调及良好的溶解度,能够溶解许多有机物和无机物,特别是离子液体的物化性能取决于阴阳离子的构成和配对,被称为"可设计的溶剂"。本文综述了离子液体在萃取分离、色谱分离和毛细管电泳等方面的应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。作为一类安全稳定、环境友好的新型介质,离子液体在绿色化学中显示出巨大的潜力和应用前景,已成为催化化学、有机合成、电化学等领域近年来的研究热点。     

Extracting information from the molten salt database

Molten salt technology is a catchall phrase that includes some very diverse technologies; electrochemistry, heat transfer, chemical oxidation/reduction baths, and nuclear reactors. All of these technologies are linked by the general characteristics of molten salts that can function as solvents, have good heat-transfer characteristics, function like a fluid, can attain very high temperatures, can conduct electricity, and also may have chemical catalytic properties. The Janz molten salt database is the most comprehensive compilation of property data about molten salts available today and is widely used for both fundamental and applied purposes. Databases are traditionally viewed as “static” documents that are used in a “search and retrieval” mode. These static data can be transformed by informatics and data mining tools into a dynamic dataset for analysis of the properties of the, materials and for making predictions. While this approch has been successful in the chemical and biochemical sciences in searching for and establishing structure-property relationships, it is not widely used in the materials science community. Because the design of the original molten salt database was not oriented toward this informatics goal, it was essential to evaluate this dataset in terms of data mining standards. Two techniques were used—a projection (principal components analysis (PCA)) and a predictive method (partial least squares (PLS))—in conjunction with fundamental knowledge acquired from the long-term practice of molten salt chemistry. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Fourth International Alloy Conference,” which occurred in Kos, Greece, from June 26 to July 1, 2005, and was Sponsored by Engineering Conferences International (ECI) and co-sponsored by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Naval Research Laboratory, United Kingdom.     

疏水低共熔溶剂萃取金属离子研究进展

疏水低共熔溶剂是一种新型的绿色溶剂,拥有与离子液体媲美的优良特性,如蒸气压低、可设计性等,且易于制备.疏水低共熔溶剂具有替代传统有机溶剂和萃取剂的潜力,在萃取分离各个领域得到广泛的关注.文章综述了近年来疏水低共熔溶剂在金属离子萃取分离方面的研究进展,总结了近年来用于萃取金属离子的疏水低共熔溶剂结构设计现状,分析了疏水低...     

Nonstationary hot wire method with silica-coated probe for measuring thermal conductivities of molten metals

The nonstationary hot wire method with a silica-coated probe has been developed to measure thermal conductivities of molten metals at high temperatures. Measurements were carried out on mercury and lead as test liquids. The thermal conductivities of liquid mercury ranged between 7.6 and 8.1 W/m K at temperatures between 273 and 293 K, and those of molten lead displayed constant values of about 15 W/m K at temperatures between 673 and 973 K. Factors affecting the thermal conductivity measurement using this method have been discussed. It has been concluded that the nonstationary hot wire method with an insulator-coated probe can be applied to various molten metals, as long as materials for probe coating are pertinent.     

高温熔盐体系惰性阳极与月壤电解制氧技术

目前,熔盐电化学冶金普遍采用炭素阳极,阳极CO₂产物是重要的碳排放源。若在高温熔盐体系中使用惰性析氧阳极,则可实现熔盐电解过程低碳排放。因此,开发适用于熔盐电解体系的惰性阳极至关重要,也是近年来国内外研究热点。本文首先综述了各种高温熔盐体系惰性阳极的研究进展,所涉及熔盐体系包括:铝电解氟化物盐、CaCl₂熔盐、碳酸盐和熔融氧化物等。另外,近年来月球开发利用受到广泛关注,太阳能驱动的月壤原位熔盐电化学制氧,将是支撑人类未来月面生存氧气需求的重要方法之一,故惰性析氧阳极不可或缺。因此,本文也简要综述了基于惰性阳极的月壤电解制氧技术。      

Development of a multineedle electroresistivity probe for measuring bubble characteristics in molten metal baths

Precise information on the behavior of rising bubbles in molten metals is of essential importance for the enhancement of current metal-refining processes as well as the development of new refining processes agitated by gas injection. In particular, the total interfacial area between bubbles and molten metal is a key parameter, but it cannot be evaluated unless the shape of bubbles is given. Getting information on the shape of rising bubbles has been very difficult for nontransparent liquids. In this study, we developed a multineedle electroresistivity probe to detect the shape of bubbles rising in molten metal baths. The accuracy of the presently developed probe was examined for water-air and Wood’s metal-He systems using a conventional two-needle electroresistivity probe and a high-speed video camera.     

Investigation of three steps of hot corrosion process in Y_2O_3 stabilized ZrO_2 coatings including nano zones

Phase transformation of tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic phase and also increment of bond coat oxidation kinetic（TGO thickening） can substantially restrict the life time of thermal barrier coating systems（TBCs）. So, nanostructured and conventional Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 coatings were evaluated in fused V2O5-Na2SO4 salts during thermal exposure in air. Microstructural characterization showed lower hot corrosion products（monoclinic zirconia, YVO4 crystals） formation and reduction of TGO thickness in thermal barrier coating system consisting of nanostructured Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2（YSZ） top coat. It was found that inhomogeneities, pores and micro-cracks played a principal role in the molten salts infiltration into the YSZ coating during three steps of hot corrosion process. In the nanostructured YSZ coating with tri-model structure, nano zones which surrounded by fully molten parts could fill the aforementioned defects and could act as barrier for the oxygen and corrosive molten salts penetration into the TBC.     

电化学原位拉曼光谱技术在高温熔盐中的应用

综述了熔盐电化学原位拉曼光谱用样品池结构及特点、熔盐电化学原位拉曼光谱的研究进展。所用样品池主要以配合90°拉曼散射模式研究为主,且样品池通常都通入惰性气体。研究中主要采用恒电流/恒电位电解的电化学方法,研究内容涉及到在氯化物熔盐中电解还原金属铝、汞、镉和钽的阴极行为,(Li-K)CO₃和Li₂CO₃燃料电池中氧的还原,在以金属铝为阳极的高能熔盐电池中I₂在AlCl₃-NaCl熔盐中的电化学过程,钠-硫电池放电过程中S元素在AlCl₃-NaCl熔盐中的行为,Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂(YSZ)氧离子导体在Na₂SO₄熔盐中的电化学腐蚀,以及不同电位条件下熔融KNO₃、NaNO₃与铂电极界面的熔盐结构变化。最后,展望了熔盐电化学原位拉曼光谱的研究发展方向。     

熔盐钠热还原NbCl5制备金属铌粉

在熔盐中用钠热还原法直接还原NbCl5制备铌粉。采用XRD、FESEM和EDS对产品粉末的结构、形貌和成分进行检测。结果表明,在摩尔百分比组成为LiCl-10.0%NaCl-36.0%KCl、LiCl-44.2%KCl-5.3%CaCl2和LiCl-11.6%KCl-36.1%CaCl2的熔盐中均可获得纯纳米铌粉,经熔盐原位750℃热处理可以降低产品氧含量。