高速动压气体轴承箔片材料表面处理的探讨

针对高速透平机械动压气体轴承——箔片式气体轴承金属箔片材料的表面处理问题进行了一定的探讨。对箔片式气体轴承箔片材料的选择、材料的表面处理方法以及该轴承的启停性能和稳定性进行了实验研究。分析表明：通过对箔片材料及表面处理方法的合理选择，可以显著改善箔片式动压气体轴承的启停性能。     

航空发动机弹性箔片气体动压轴承技术研究及性能评价综述

弹性箔片气体动压轴承广泛应用于航空发动机中,在减少航空发动机功率损失、提高发动机可靠性方面具有重要作用。综述了国内外箔片气动轴承的研究现状,介绍了航空发动机箔片气动轴承结构的发展和应用特点,重点讨论了箔片止推轴承的理论研究现状,比较了不同箔片气动轴承润滑建模方法、润滑求解方法、收敛控制方法,指出了弹性箔片气体动压轴承在航空发动机旋转机械中的巨大应用潜力,提出了气动轴承技术今后需要重点开展的研究发展方向,主要包括箔片动压气体轴承理论建模及其模型求解、箔片气动轴承的实验研究及试验台架的搭建测试、箔片动压气体轴承设计及加工制造、轴承表面涂层技术的研究以及箔片动压气体轴承技术的应用等。     

微小型高速透平径向箔片动压气体轴承的研究

微小型高速透平膨胀机的发展对微小型动压气体轴承的开发提出迫切的要求,研制微小型动压气体轴承十分必要。在一台微小型高速透平膨胀机上对平箔型、弹性片支承型、鼓泡型3种不同的径向箔片气体轴承分别进行了研究。试验结果表明3种箔片轴承均能满足运行要求,通过比较发现,鼓泡型径向箔片气体轴承具有加工简单,运转稳定的特点。配合鼓泡型动压止推轴承,对全鼓泡型箔片轴承全动压透平膨胀机进行研究。初步试验最高转速可达22万r/min。     

箔片气体动压轴承研究进展综述

箔片气体动压轴承具有转速高、摩擦功耗低、无油润滑以及良好的减振性能等优势,已在飞机换气系统和曝气鼓风机等领域广泛应用。近年来随着全球“碳达峰碳中和”战略的提出和实施,氢燃料电池汽车等成为产业热点,箔片气体动压轴承在燃料电池空压机领域的应用呈现“井喷”态势,但箔片轴承在适应燃料电池汽车复杂工况所必须具备的长寿命、高抗振性及高可靠性等方面,还远远没有得到充分验证,目前仍处于路况验证和技术迭代阶段。因此有必要在新工况和新性能需求大背景下,对箔片气体动压轴承的现有研究成果进行系统梳理和深入分析。介绍了箔片气体动压轴承的结构及在燃料电池空压机中的应用;评述了箔片气体动压轴承的高速特性、比承载能力、动力学稳定性以及启停寿命等关键性能指标及当前发展水平;分别从箔片气体动压轴承理论建模、气固耦合特性仿真算法、气膜热特性及温升控制、轴承转子系统动力学稳定性、箔片轴承抗振性及疲劳寿命、箔片表面涂层技术及启停寿命、箔片轴承动态性能测试与试验技术等方面,对箔片轴承关键技术进行了系统分析和综述;最后结合燃料电池汽车工况对高速离心式空压机的性能需求,对箔片气体轴承关键技术的发展趋势进行了预测和展望。     

弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承的实验研究

对新型结构弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承进行试验研究,在高速透平膨胀机(主轴轴径D=25.0mm、转子总长l=250.5mm、转子质量Gm=891g、额定工作转速10.64×104r/min)上达到了转子转速14.8×104r/min、超速40%的良好试验效果。对这种弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承的振动特性和稳定性进行试验研究。结果表明,该轴承具有优良的动态特性与稳定性,能有效抑制高速自激涡动的发展,在正确选择结构参数和表面处理方法后,有望替代目前在高速透平机械中广泛应用的静压气体轴承。     

弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载性能研究

气弹耦合解是准确预测弹性箔片动压气体轴承承载性能的有效方法。通过引入箔片的弹性变形以及联立求解动压气体润滑Reynolds方程和弹性箔片的变形方程,给出了弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的气弹耦合解。应用气弹耦合解理论,将顶层箔片的局部弹性变形纳入考虑范围,对弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的承载性能进行了计算和分析。有限元数值仿真结果表明:顶层箔片在气膜压力作用下的局部弹性变形直接导致弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载能力的降低;根据轴承瓦块上气膜压力分布的特点合理设计支承拱箔的结构形式,可以减小顶层箔片的局部弹性变形,有效提高轴承的承载能力。得到了一种承载能力较高的弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承支承拱箔结构设计方案。     

高速透平箔片动压气体轴承固体润滑涂层研究进展

箔片动压气体轴承广泛应用于高速透平膨胀机、微小型燃气轮机、涡轮增压机等高速透平机械中。固体润滑涂层可为箔片动压气体轴承提供启停阶段的润滑保护,对保证箔片动压气体轴承稳定性与使用寿命至关重要。本文回顾了国内外箔片动压气体轴承固体润滑涂层的研究历史与现状;结合文献资料着重分析了PS系列、Korolon系列和DLC系列的固体润滑涂层特性,并对其应用场合和优缺点进行了探讨。     

弹性箔片轴承的研究进展*

近年来,弹性箔片轴承在高速透平机械的应用中展现出巨大的潜力。为获取轴承高承载力、减少轴承启停过程的摩擦与磨损、提高轴承的高速稳定性,研究人员开展了大量的理论、实验与应用研究。从弹性箔片轴承的结构特性、涂层特性和建模方法3个方面对气体弹性箔片轴承的研究进展进行综述。首先从轴承结构优化的角度,介绍箔片轴承结构改进的发展历程,以及具有新颖结构设计的多叶搭接式弹性动压箔片轴承及其优点;然后从减少轴承启、停阶段摩擦力,提高弹性箔片轴承使用寿命的角度出发,比较分析了应用广泛的多种涂层,总结国内外新型润滑剂的适用条件及减摩效果;最后从轴承建模角度,介绍经典的简单弹性模型、考虑箔间摩擦力与分离等影响因素的系列复杂模型,为后续模型构建与性能分析提供依据。展望弹性箔片轴承在高精尖等领域的前景,并对弹性箔片轴承的研究方向提出了建议。     

箔片动压轴承的研制及在机载环控涡轮的应用

针对某型吊舱环控涡轮油润滑轴承存在的油污染、可靠性低等问题,基于吊舱涡轮的实际使用条件研制一种机载涡轮动压箔片轴承,并进行箔片动压轴承机载环控涡轮的性能试验、功能振动试验、高低温贮存试验、启停可靠性等试验验证。试验结果表明:采用动压气体箔片轴承的高速环控涡轮制冷性能、起浮压力、起浮转速均满足使用要求,功能振动试验、-55和70℃高低温启动试验优于指标要求,百次启停和超速运转后涂层无脱落,启停次数可达10 000次以上。     

弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承理论模型的研究

提出了一种新型结构弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承,针对此种结构,提出了求解弹性流体动力润滑问题(EHDL)的弹性基础支承箔片轴承流.固耦合物理模型,分析了弹性基础支承材料的特性,建立了弹性基础受力三维六自由度变形和考虑了包括非线性项动态气膜力和轴承不对中(角偏差)效应的非定常可压缩雷诺方程的数学模型;然后从控制方程出发,给出了求解弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承静态特性参数(压力分布、承载力、偏位角、摩擦力矩)的分析方法;并以静特性分析为基础,采用Lund的线性化假设,分析了弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承的动态性能(4个刚度系数及4个阻尼系数);最后在动特性分析的基础上,采用刚性对称转子模型,分析了轴承的稳定性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.