Characteristics of a high-concentration-ammonium sulfate-requiring ammonia-oxidizing bacterium isolated from deodorization plants of chicken farms

A high-concentration-ammonium sulfate-requiring, ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, strain K1, was newly isolated from packed tower biological deodorization plants of chicken farms. The cells of strain K1 are rods (0.1-1.0 x 1.0-2.0 microm), gram negative, obligately aerobic, and nonmotile. Colonies (1-2 mm in diameter) on a plate culture are reddish, circular, and smooth. Intracytoplasmic membranes characteristic of nitrifying bacteria are present. The G+C content of the total DNA is 48.5 mol%. The similarity of 16S rRNA (%) to N. europaea ATCC 25978T (type strain) is 93.77%. This bacterium has a higher optimal growth temperature (35 degrees C) than is usually the case and tolerance up to 40 degrees C. The optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate in the medium is 303 mM, which should make it applicable for use in deodorization plants for enhancing the efficiency of deodorization. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were found to possess high specific activities (5700 and 4 x 10(5) U/mg, respectively) compared to the activities of these enzymes in strain ATCC 25978T (300 and 14 U/mg).     

Isolation and identification of lipase producing thermophilic Geobacillus sp. SBS-4S: cloning and characterization of the lipase

A thermophilic microorganism, SBS-4S, was isolated from a hot spring located in Gilgit, Northern Areas of Pakistan. It was found to be an aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped, thermophilic bacterium that grew on various sugars, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons at temperatures between 45°C and 75°C. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the microorganism exhibited homology to various species of genus Geobacillus. A highest homology of 99.8% was found with Geobacillus kaustophilus. A partial (0.7 kbp) chaperonin gene sequence also showed a highest homology of 99.4% to that of G. kaustophilus whereas biochemical characteristics of the microorganism were similar to Geobacillus uzenensis. Based on biochemical characterization, 16S rRNA and chaperonin gene sequences, we identified SBS-4S as a strain of genus Geobacillus. Strain SBS-4S produced several extracellular enzymes including amylase, protease and lipase. The lipase encoding gene was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and the gene product was characterized. The recombinant lipase was optimally active at 60°C with stability at wide pH range (6-12). The enzyme activity was enhanced remarkably in the presence of Ca(+2). The K(m) and the V(max) for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate were 3.8mM and 2273 μmol min(-1)mg(-1), respectively. The ability of the recombinant enzyme to be stable at a wide pH range makes it a potential candidate for use in industry.     

Production of equol from daidzein by gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from rat intestine

Isoflavones (mainly daidzein and genistin) belong to the flavonoid group of compounds and are classified as phytoestrogens. In the intestine, daidzin is converted to daidzein by beta-glucosidase, and then daidzein is converted to O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) or equol via dihydrodaidzein by enzymes of intestinal bacteria. We isolated, for the first time, an anaerobic gram-positive rod-shaped strain capable of producing equol from daidzein. Its 16S rDNA gene sequence (1428 bp) showed 99% similarity with that of the human intestinal bacterium SNU-Julong 732 (AY310748) and 93% similarity with that of Eggerthella lenta ATCC 25559(T) (AF292375). This strain converted daidzein to equol via dihydrodaidzein in an equol-assay medium anaerobically. The addition of butyric acid and arginine increased the conversion ratio of daidzein to equol 4.7- and 4.5-fold, respectively.     

冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中一株副溶血性弧菌的分离与鉴定

目的对一株分离于冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中的菌株进行分析鉴定。方法利用TCBS培养基和弧菌选择性培养基从冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中分离到1株菌株sznj V083,并对该菌株的菌落形态、生理生化特征及其分子生物学特性进行分析。同时进行副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)标准菌株ATCC33847,创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)标准菌株ATCC27562的质控检验。结果该菌株在TCBS平板上呈现蓝绿色菌落,而在弧菌显色平板上呈现深蓝色菌落,其全自动生化鉴定结果显示其为创伤弧菌。PCR试验和16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌株为副溶血性弧菌并与参考菌株Vibrio parahaemolyticus BB22OP(登陆号CP003973.1)的同源性最高。且该菌株的毒力基因tdh、trh检测为阴性。结论分离于冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中的菌株sznj V083为副溶血性弧菌。在副溶血性弧菌的检测中,除了常规的生理生化等方法外,还应该结合16S rDNA基因序列分析或PCR方法提高检测结果的特异性和灵敏度,以保证检测结果的真实性和准确性。     

牦牛酸奶中一株具有抗氧化活性乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

本研究旨在从传统发酵牦牛酸奶中筛选获得具有抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。采用平板计数法对牦牛酸奶样品进行总菌与乳酸菌的菌落计数,采用添加2.5% CaCO₃的M17固体培养基进行乳酸菌的分离筛选,对筛选出的菌株采用16S rDNA基因克隆测序进行分子鉴定以及产酸、糖醇发酵试验,通过测定菌株培养上清液、菌体裂解液和菌体PBS重悬液的总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力,评价乳酸菌的抗氧化活性。结果表明,分离出的革兰氏阳性球形菌株X1具备产酸特性,糖醇发酵实验表现为屎肠球菌生化反应特征,16S rDNA克隆测序鉴定菌株X1为屎肠球菌。体外抗氧化活性检测发现,菌株X1培养上清液的总抗氧化能力与DPPH自由基清除率显著高于对应的菌体裂解液和菌体PBS重悬液(P<0.05);而菌体PBS重悬液对羟自由基清除率显著高于培养上清液和菌体裂解液(P<0.05)。本试验成功从牦牛发酵酸奶中分离出一株具备抗氧化活性的屎肠球菌X1,其抗氧化活性物质主要存在于菌体培养上清液中,该结果为将牦牛酸奶来源乳酸菌开发为新型抗氧化微生态制剂、缓解畜禽养殖过程中的氧化应激提供菌种来源。     

一株产海藻糖合酶假单胞菌菌株的分离及鉴定

由薄层层析法检测试验发现,从昆明磷矿粉中分离出的一株真细菌,其粗酶液能将麦芽糖异构化为海藻糖。通过显微观察发现,该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,无色、杆状、具有鞭毛;菌体直径大小0.6～0.8 μm,长度约1.4～2.0 μm;胞内没有聚-β-羟丁酸（PHB）包含体;最佳生长温度为30 ℃,最适生长pH为7.0。经16S rRNA序列比对、DNA（G+C）mol%和DNA-DNA杂交等分子生物学技术以及生理生化特性检测后,认定该菌株为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）一种,将其命名为BIE-1。该菌株增加了假单胞菌属菌种多样性,为海藻糖生物合成真细菌菌株提供了新的选择。     

Isolation and characterization of psychrotrophs from subterranean environments

Subterranean environments are potential sources for the isolation of novel microorganisms. Water and soil samples were collected at depths ranging from 10 to 1800 meters below the surface, and screening was carried out with aerobic rich and anaerobic minimal media. Two psychrotrophic and three chemoautotrophic strains were isolated. One of the psychrotrophic isolates, designated SN16A, grew at temperatures between -5 and 37 degrees C with optimal growth between 25 and 30 degrees C. The other psychrotroph, designated KB700A, grew between -10 and 30 degrees C. Little difference in growth rate could be observed between 20 and 30 degrees C; however, this strain did not grow at 37 degrees C. KB700A utilized CO2 chemoautotrophically at 30 degrees C, using hydrogen as an energy source. Both strains were characterized biochemically. The complete 16S rRNA sequence of KB700A was 98.7% homologous with that of Pseudomonas marginalis. However, the 16S rRNA of SN16A showed only 95.4% identity at maximum-with the corresponding gene of Arthrobacter globiformis-suggesting that this strain may belong to a novel genus. Both strains exhibited the ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes on plate assays. Our results suggest that subterranean environments are promising sources for the isolation of psychrotrophic microorganisms.     

花生青枯菌红安分离物的鉴定

从湖北红安发病花生根部分离到一个细菌分离物2C1,对该分离物进行了TZC显色反应,致病力的测定,16S rRNA、23S rRNA和鞭毛蛋白基因filC的PCR扩增,16S rRNA PCR扩增产物的序列分析。结果显示,分离物2C1在TZC培养基上表现出青枯菌的典型菌落形态,对花生具有强致病性,PCR扩增获得与预期大小的产物片段;16S rRNA核苷酸序列具有与其它青枯菌分离物99%左右的一致性。上述结果表明：2C1是具有强致病力的花生青枯菌分离物。     

Isolation and characterization of a tetrachloroethylene dechlorinating bacterium, Clostridium bifermentans DPH-1

A tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-degrading gram-positive, endospore forming, anaerobic bacterium, strain DPH-1, was isolated from a contaminated site. The organism was identified as Clostridium bifermentans by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and based on its physiological characteristics. Strain DPH-1 could dechlorinate high concentrations of PCE (0.9 mM), via trichloroethylene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) at a rate of 0.43 micromol/h.mg protein, as well as a number of other halogenated aliphatic compounds.     

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolates recovered from honey

Of 433 honey samples collected in Argentina, 114 (27%) yielded Bacillus cereus isolates (27%) and 60 (14%) yielded other species of Bacillus. The Argentinian B. cereus isolates were compared with isolates recovered from honey from other countries (n=16) and with strain ATCC 11718. The 133 B. cereus isolates and the ATCC strain were characterized using rep-PCR fingerprinting with primers BOX, REP and ERIC, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 16S rRNA gene fragment (16S rRNA PCR/RFLP), and morphological and biochemical tests. There was a high degree of diversity, both phenotypic and genotypic among the isolates of B. cereus. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting for characterizing populations of B. cereus. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of phenotypic and genotypic characterization of B. cereus isolates from honey.     

致病性尖孢镰刀拮抗菌的筛选与鉴定

该研究从清香型白酒大曲中筛选出一株对致病性尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）拮抗效果最好的拮抗菌株,采用形态观 察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析对其进行鉴定,并绘制该菌株生长曲线、考察其培养液中的蛋白类及脂肽类物质的抑菌效 果。 结果表明,从清香型白酒大曲中筛选出一株对致病性尖孢镰刀菌拮抗效果最好的拮抗菌株,编号为P9,其抑菌圈直径达到20 mm 左右。 经鉴定,拮抗菌P9为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）;生长曲线结果表明,拮抗菌P9在第9小时生长速率达到最大;抑菌物 质提取实验表明,拮抗菌P9能分泌具有抑菌作用的蛋白类物质及脂肽类物质。     

赤水晒醋一株产气微生物的分离鉴定

为了解赤水晒醋产气原因,采用多种培养基分离和计数产气微生物,并检测其生理生化特征,生长特性以及16S rDNA基因序列分析。实验结果表明,从变质晒醋中分离到一株产气微生物,编号为N9,革兰氏阳性,有芽孢,最适生长温度为45 ℃,最适生长pH值为5.5,最适生长盐度（氯化钠含量）为1%,繁殖能力强。经过16S rDNA基因序列以及系统发育树分析可以鉴定该菌为产碱普罗威登斯菌（Providencia alcalifaciens）。     

Isolation and characterization of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)-degrading microorganism

Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA)-degrading bacterium, strain 1-A, was isolated from soil. Strain 1-A was identified as Bacillus pumilus on the basis of its physiological properties and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence. Strain 1-A also degraded poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone). On the other hand, poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) and poly(lactic acid) were minimally degraded by strain 1-A. The NMR spectra of degradation products from PBSA indicated that the adipate units were more rapidly degraded than 1,4-butanediol and succinate units. This seems to be one of the reasons why strain 1-A degraded PBSA faster than PBS.     

61株水源性铜绿假单胞菌耐药分析及其16S rRNA系统发育学研究

目的 采用16S rRNA基因序列分析法对2018~2020年间分离自广东地区桶装水中的61株铜绿假单胞菌进行同源性分析,并探讨其对11种不同抗生素的耐药性。方法 采用27F/1492R通用引物对目标菌的16S rRNA基因序列扩增,测序后,采用Clustal X软件进行序列比对,利用MEGA 7.0软件构建系统发生树;药敏实验应用微生物全自动鉴定及药敏系统检测。结果 系统发育分析结果表明：61株共可分为3个分支,分别包含15株一支、1株一支、45株和铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株ATCC 27853一支;药敏结果显示61株铜绿假单胞菌处于较低耐药水平,对所有测试抗生素的耐药率均低于2%,但仍发现一株6重耐药菌株。结论 本研究初步建立了广东地区水源性铜绿假单胞菌的菌株资源库及药敏数据库,为之后的污染溯源工作提供了数据支持,从而保障广大消费群众的饮水安全。     

应用RT-PCR技术定量检测发酵乳中Lactobacillus plantarum活菌数

根据发酵乳中常见乳酸菌种的16S rRNA基因序列设计了L.plantarum的种属特异性引物,应用该引物对植物乳杆菌的模式菌株L.plantarum ATCC14917、L.plantarum非同源性对照菌株及采自西藏地区的自然发酵乳样品进行了种属特异性PCR检测,并以样品RNA转录的cDNA为模板,对检出含有L.plantarum的发酵乳样品进行了Real-Time PCR定量检测。通过Real-Time PCR图谱分析,准确地检测出了该样品中L.plantarum活菌数的含量为6.6lgcfu/mL。结果表明该方法能够简便、快速地检测出发酵乳中是否含有L.plantarum,并能够对其活菌数进行准确地定量,对发酵乳的生产和监管提供了重要的理论和实践依据。     

一株产胞外多糖植物内生菌EJS-3菌株的分离和鉴定

从中药植物-百部的组织中分离到一株高产胞外多糖的植物内生菌EJS-3菌株,该菌株在产糖培养基中可以得到23.6g/L的胞外多糖,转化率为47.2%(gEPS/g蔗糖)。通过16SrRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行了鉴定。通过PCR扩增,得到1450bp的16SrRNA序列。PCR产物序列通过BLAST软件在NCBI网站中进行同源性比较。通过Bioedit7.0和Treedrawing软件绘制系统发育树。结果显示,EJS-3的16SrRNA序列和数据库中的类多粘芽孢杆菌KCTC1663菌株的序列的同源性为99.31%。在细菌系统发育分类学上,EJS-3菌株归属多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacilluspolymyxa)。     

55株芽孢杆菌16S rRNA基因序列测定与系统发育学分析

采用16S rRNA基因序列分析法对中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CCIC)保藏的55株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行复核鉴定。菌株经纯化培养,以改良CTAB法提取总DNA,采用细菌16S rRNA通用引物、TD-PCR方法(touchdown-PCR)进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增,PCR产物纯化后直接进行序列测定,序列经人工校对后用Clustal X进行比对分析,最后用MEGA3.1软件构建系统发育树。系统发育分析结果表明:55株枯草芽孢杆菌中有52株菌种与原鉴定结果一致,有3株菌种与原鉴定结果存在差异,其中2株鉴定结果为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium),另1株鉴定结果为地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)。     

Isolation and characterization of long-chain-alkane degrading Bacillus thermoleovorans from deep subterranean petroleum reservoirs

Two extremely thermophilic alkane-degrading bacterial strains, B23 and H41, were respectively isolated from deep subterranean petroleum reservoirs in the Minami-aga (Niigata) and Yabase (Akita) oil fields. Both strains were able to grow at temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 degrees C, with optimal growth at 70 degrees C for B23 and 65 degrees C for H41. From 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological characterization, both strains were identified as Bacillus thermoleovorans (identities of 99.5% and 99.6% to strain DSM 5366, and 98.3% and 98.7% to the type strain LEH-1(TS), respectively). Strains B23 and H41 effectively (60%) degraded n-alkanes longer than C12 and C15, respectively, at 70 degrees C, while strain LEH-1(TS) degraded undecane (C11) most effectively. When B23 and H41 were cultivated in the presence of heptadecane, heptadecanoate and pentadecanoate were specifically accumulated in the cells. These results strongly suggest that the two strains degraded n-alkanes by a terminal oxidation pathway, followed by a beta-oxidation pathway.     

Combining culture‐dependent and culture‐independent molecular methods for the isolation and purification of a potentially novel anaerobic species from pit mud in a Chinese liquor distillery

Strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 (a potentially novel anaerobic species) with a 16S rRNA sequence homology of <97% was isolated and purified from pit mud by combining culture‐dependent and culture‐independent molecular methods, such as cloning of 16S rRNA, amplified rRNA restriction analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 was related to Aminobacterium mobile strain ILE‐3 DSM 12262^T and Aminobacterium colombiense strain DSM 12261^T (95 and 96% similarity value, respectively). The results verified that cloning of the 16S rRNA was efficient to identify whether a potentially new bacterial taxon existed in impure isolates and that the DGGE method was a powerful tool for screening the target bacteria and for identifying duplicate strains. Therefore, the application of the culture‐independent molecular methods for the isolation and purification of a potentially novel species was effective. Strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 (= DSM 27871 = JCM 19605 = CICC 10731^T) was an anaerobic amino acid‐degrading bacterium. The results of fermentation experiments demonstrated that strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the presence of Methanosarcina barkeri enhanced the generation of VFAs, which contribute to the aroma composition of Chinese liquor. This work could enrich the species resources and promote the development and utilization of an uncultured species. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

山西太子滩温泉土壤放线菌多样性及功能基因筛选的研究

收集太子滩温泉周围的4份土壤样品,用6种分离培养基对土壤中的细菌进行分离,再通过分析16S rRNA基因序列对分离菌株进行初步分类鉴定。采用PCR技术和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测放线菌是否具有抗生素生物合成基因NRPS、PKS I、PKS II。从4个土壤样品中共分离出104株放线菌,主要分布于放线菌域的3目5科12属,包括链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、壤霉菌属（Agromyces）等;菌株M6W4-7-2与发表菌株Streptomyces ruber NRRC 14600T的16S rRNA基因序列相似性为98.58%,可能为链霉菌科链霉菌属的潜在新种。太子滩温泉附近土壤有着丰厚的放线菌资源,且放线菌的抗生素合成基因的阳性率较高,具备从中发现放线菌新物种及新抗生素的潜力。