Business Analytics-Based Enterprise Information Systems

Big data analytics and business analytics are a disruptive technology and innovative solution for enterprise development. However, what is the relationship between business analytics, big data analytics, and enterprise information systems (EIS)? How can business analytics enhance the development of EIS? How can analytics be incorporated into EIS? These are still big issues. This article addresses these three issues by proposing ontology of business analytics, presenting an analytics service-oriented architecture (ASOA) and applying ASOA to EIS, where our surveyed data analysis showed that the proposed ASOA is viable for developing EIS. This article then examines incorporation of business analytics into EIS through proposing a model for business analytics service-based EIS, or ASEIS for short. The proposed approach in this article might facilitate the research and development of EIS, business analytics, big data analytics, and business intelligence.     

The role of information governance in big data analytics driven innovation

The age of big data analytics is now here, with companies increasingly investing in big data initiatives to foster innovation and outperform competition. Nevertheless, while researchers and practitioners started to examine the shifts that these technologies entail and their overall business value, it is still unclear whether and under what conditions they drive innovation. To address this gap, this study draws on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and information governance theory to explore the interplay between a firm’s big data analytics capabilities (BDACs) and their information governance practices in shaping innovation capabilities. We argue that a firm’s BDAC helps enhance two distinct types of innovative capabilities, incremental and radical capabilities, and that information governance positively moderates this relationship. To examine our research model, we analyzed survey data collected from 175 IT and business managers. Results from partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis reveal that BDACs have a positive and significant effect on both incremental and radical innovative capabilities. Our analysis also highlights the important role of information governance, as it positively moderates the relationship between BDAC’s and a firm’s radical innovative capability, while there is a nonsignificant moderating effect for incremental innovation capabilities. Finally, we examine the effect of environmental uncertainty conditions in our model and find that information governance and BDACs have amplified effects under conditions of high environmental dynamism.     

Exploring the relationship between big data analytics capability and competitive performance: The mediating roles of dynamic and operational capabilities

A central question for information systems (IS) researchers and practitioners is if, and how, big data can help attain a competitive advantage. To address this question, this study draws on the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities view, and on recent literature on big data analytics, and examines the indirect relationship between a firm’s big data analytics capability (BDAC) and competitive performance. The study extends existing research by proposing that BDACs enable firms to generate insight that can help strengthen their dynamic capabilities, which, in turn, positively impact marketing and technological capabilities. To test our proposed research model, we used survey data from 202 chief information officers and IT managers working in Norwegian firms. By means of partial least squares structural equation modeling, results show that a strong BDAC can help firms build a competitive advantage. This effect is not direct but fully mediated by dynamic capabilities, which exerts a positive and significant effect on two types of operational capabilities: marketing and technological capabilities. The findings suggest that IS researchers should look beyond direct effects of big data investments and shift their attention on how a BDAC can be leveraged to enable and support organizational capabilities.     

大数据时代下计算机软件技术的应用探析

近年来,随着计算机互联网信息技术的蓬勃发展,我国已经进入大数据时代。在此背景之下,计算机软件技术已被广泛应用于各大领域和产业中。文章首先介绍了大数据时代计算机软件技术的发展现状,重点解析了现代计算机技术中几种常见的计算机软件技术类型,剖析了大数据时代计算机软件技术的实际应用价值,并探讨了大数据时代计算机软件关键技术的应用,旨在促进当代计算机软件技术更好地为人类社会和企业服务。     

大数据时代下计算机软件技术的应用探析

近年来,随着计算机互联网信息技术的蓬勃发展,我国已经进入大数据时代。在此背景之下,计算机软件技术已被广泛应用于各大领域和产业中。文章首先介绍了大数据时代计算机软件技术的发展现状,重点解析了现代计算机技术中几种常见的计算机软件技术类型,剖析了大数据时代计算机软件技术的实际应用价值,并探讨了大数据时代计算机软件关键技术的应用,旨在促进当代计算机软件技术更好地为人类社会和企业服务。     

面向社会安全事件的分布式神经网络攻击行为分类方法

大数据时代下,社会安全事件呈现出数据多样化、数据量快速递增等特点,社会安全事件的事态与特性分析决策面临巨大的挑战。高效、准确识别社会安全事件中的攻击行为的类型,并为社会安全事件处置决策提供帮助,已经成为国家与网络空间安全领域的关键性问题。针对社会安全事件攻击行为分类,提出一种基于Spark平台的分布式神经网络分类算法（DNNC）。DNNC算法通过提取攻击行为类型的相关属性作为神经网络的输入数据,建立了各属性与攻击类型之间的函数关系并生成分布式神经网络分类模型。实验结果表明,所提出DNNC算法在全球恐怖主义数据库所提供的数据集上,虽然在部分攻击类型上准确率有所下降,但平均准确率比决策树算法提升15.90个百分点,比集成决策树算法提升8.60个百分点。     

It's about Time: Analytical Time Periodization

This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of time periodization, which involves dividing the time span of a complex dynamic phenomenon into periods that enclose different relatively stable states or development trends. The challenge lies in finding such a division of the time that takes into account diverse behaviours of multiple components of the phenomenon while being simple and easy to interpret. Despite the importance of this problem, it has not received sufficient attention in the fields of visual analytics and data science. We use a real-world example from aviation and an additional usage scenario on analysing mobility trends during the COVID-19 pandemic to develop and test an analytical workflow that combines computational and interactive visual techniques. We highlight the differences between the two cases and show how they affect the use of different techniques. Through our investigation of possible variations in the time periodization problem, we discuss the potential of our approach to be used in various applications. Our contributions include defining and investigating an earlier neglected problem type, developing a practical and reproducible approach to solving problems of this type, and uncovering potential for formalization and development of computational methods.     

基于MapReduce和Spark的大数据主动学习比较研究

在我们以前的工作中,提出了基于MapReduce的大数据主动学习算法。在本文中,将这一算法移植到Spark环境,提出了基于Spark的大数据主动学习算法,并对基于MapReduce和Spark的2种大数据主动学习算法从运行时间、文件数目、同步数目和内存耗费4个方面进行了比较研究,得出了一些有价值的结论,这些结论将为相关研究人员提供很好的帮助。     

基于属性分类的分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制模型设计

在分布式大数据的存储和传输过程中,数据极易被恶意用户攻击,造成数据的泄露和丢失。为提高分布式大数据的存储和传输安全性,设计了基于属性分类的分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制模型。挖掘用户隐私数据,以分布式结构存储。根据分布式隐私数据特征,判断数据的属性类型。利用Logistic混沌映射,迭代生成数据隐私保护密钥,通过匿名化、混沌映射、同态加密等步骤,实现对隐私数据的加密处理。利用属性分类技术,控制隐私保护数据访问进程,在传输协议的约束下,实现分布式大数据隐私保护加密控制。实验结果表明,设计模型的明文和密文相似度较低,访问撤销控制准确率高达98.9%,在有、无攻击工况下,隐私数据损失量较少,具有较好的加密、控制性能和隐私保护效果,有效降低了隐私数据的泄露风险,提高了分布式大数据的存储和传输安全性。     

Big data challenge: a data management perspective

There is a trend that, virtually everyone, ranging from big Web companies to traditional enterprisers to physical science researchers to social scientists, is either already experiencing or anticipating unprecedented growth in the amount of data available in their world, as well as new opportunities and great untapped value. This paper reviews big data challenges from a data management respective. In particular, we discuss big data diversity, big data reduction, big data integration and cleaning, big data indexing and query, and finally big data analysis and mining. Our survey gives a brief overview about big-data-oriented research and problems.     

深度学习方法在软件分析中的应用

大数据时代下迅速兴起的深度学习已在计算机视觉等多个领域取得了重大进展。近年来,随着软件制品的积累,这一方法也开始在软件工程领域发挥重要作用。概述了利用深度学习处理不同软件分析任务的研究进展,总结了主要研究方向和应用特点。目前已有一批重要成果发表,相关研究热度呈现上升趋势。最后探讨了现有深度学习技术在应用时的一些局限性与问题。     

位置大数据隐私保护研究综述

大数据时代移动通信和传感设备等位置感知技术的发展形成了位置大数据,为人们的生活、商业运作方法以及科学研究带来了巨大收益.由于位置大数据用途多样,内容交叉冗余,经典的基于“知情与同意”以及匿名的隐私保护方法不能全面地保护用户隐私.位置大数据的隐私保护技术度量用户的位置隐私,在信息论意义上保护用户的敏感信息.介绍了位置大数据的概念以及位置大数据的隐私威胁,总结了针对位置大数据隐私的统一的基于度量的攻击模型,对目前位置大数据隐私保护领域已有的研究成果进行了归纳.根据位置隐私的保护程度,可以把现有方法总结为基于启发式隐私度量、概率推测和隐私信息检索的位置大数据隐私保护技术.对各类位置隐私保护技术的基本原理、特点进行了阐述,并重点介绍了当前该领域的前沿问题：基于隐私信息检索的位置隐私保护技术.在对已有技术深入分析对比的基础上,指出了未来在位置大数据与非位置大数据相结合、用户背景知识不确定等情况下保护用户位置隐私的发展方向.     

面向大数据分析作业的启发式云资源供给方法

云计算已成为大数据分析作业的主流运行支撑环境，选择合适的云资源优化其性能面临巨大挑战.当前研究主要考虑大数据分析框架（如Hadoop，Spark等）的多样性，采用机器学习方法进行资源供给，但样本少容易陷入局部最优解.提出了大数据环境下基于负载分类的启发式云资源供给方法RP-CH，基于云资源共享特点，获取其他大数据分析作业的运行时监测和云资源配置信息，建立负载分类与优化云资源配置的启发式规则，并将该规则作用到贝叶斯优化算法的收益函数.基于HiBench，SparkBench测试基准的结果显示：RP-CH相对于已有方法CherryPick、大数据分析作业的性能平均提升了58%，成本平均减少了44%.     

工业大数据分析技术与轮胎销售数据预测

工业大数据是在工业领域信息化应用中所产生的海量数据,作为决策问题服务的大数据集、大数据技术和大数据应用的总称。首先分析工业大数据4V特性与工业数据的特有特征,以及工业大数据来源;从多源异构工业数据集成与数据融合方法、工业大数据计算架构、大数据带来的信息安全等三方面论述工业大数据面临的挑战与潜在价值。探讨了工业大数据分析与挖掘方法,提出了工业大数据平台的计算架构与大数据处理平台,构建轮胎企业大数据资源中心、大数据分析与决策应用系统。从销售数据分析和宏观数据趋势两个层面进行轮胎销售大数据分析与预测。采用多个不同领域的销售数据源来解决销售预测历史数据特征空间稀疏的问题,使用LASSO（The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selectionator Operator）方法的多任务学习方法来解决高维样本空间的缺点,实验数据验证能够提升轮胎销售预测的准确率。     

Improved Secure Identification-Based Multilevel Structure of Data Sharing in Cloud Environments

The Cloud Computing Environment (CCE) developed for using the dynamic cloud is the ability of software and services likely to grow with any business. It has transformed the methodology for storing the enterprise data, accessing the data, and Data Sharing (DS). Big data frame a constant way of uploading and sharing the cloud data in a hierarchical architecture with different kinds of separate privileges to access the data. With the requirement of vast volumes of storage area in the CCEs, capturing a secured data access framework is an important issue. This paper proposes an Improved Secure Identification-based Multilevel Structure of Data Sharing (ISIMSDS) to hold the DS of big data in CCEs. The complex file partitioning technique is proposed to verify the access privilege context for sharing data in complex CCEs. An access control Encryption Method (EM) is used to improve the encryption. The Complexity is measured to increase the authentication standard. The active attack is protected using this ISIMSDS methodology. Our proposed ISIMSDS method assists in diminishing the Complexity whenever the user’s population is increasing rapidly. The security analysis proves that the proposed ISIMSDS methodology is more secure against the chosen-PlainText (PT) attack and provides more efficient computation and storage space than the related methods. The performance of the proposed ISIMSDS methodology provides more efficiency in communication costs such as encryption, decryption, and retrieval of the data.     

用OO4O操作Oracle数据库的大数据字段

在现有数据库设计中,部分表经常设计用于存储图像、音频、视频等大数据量信息的大数据字段。本文介绍了在VC＋＋编程环境下,用OO40方法读写Oracle数据库的大数据字段的方法。针对LONGRAW、BLOB（CLOB）等不同的大数据字段,提出了相应的读写方法。OO40支持多种编程语言,在速度和兼容性上具有一定的优势。     

Analytics Capabilities and the Decision to Invest in Analytics

The increasing use of data-driven decision making and big data is leading organizations to invest in analytics software and services. However, little is known about the type of analytics capabilities within IT that are required and whether there is a common progression or development model of analytics capabilities. Also unknown is how the level of analytics capabilities and other factors influence a firm’s decision to invest in analytics. The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships between levels of distinct analytics capabilities and to understand how they and other factors influence the analytics investment decision. The findings suggest that there is a distinct progression in the development of analytics capabilities, and that firm size is associated with increased capability. The results suggest that firms more likely to invest in analytics have higher current levels of specific analytics capabilities, are larger, and are located in less-competitive industries.     

面向大数据的海云数据系统关键技术研究

由于数据产生成本的急速下降,人类社会产生的数据不仅以指数级别增长,而且数据的结构变得日趋复杂,使得传统的数据分析技术遇到了极大的挑战.如何对大量复杂数据进行分析和挖掘,从中提取有价值的知识用于决策,已经成为产业界和学术界的广泛关注问题,在一些国家已上升到国家战略层面.本文介绍了大数据的基本概念、特征和面临的科学问题,总结了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“面向感知中国的新一代信息技术研究”中“海云数据系统关键技术研究与系统研制”课题的一些先期成果,为开发大数据管理、分析和挖掘系统提供一些参考依据.     

Apollo:Rapidly Picking the Optimal Cloud Configurations for Big Data Analytics Using a Data-Driven Approach

Big data analytics applications are increasingly deployed on cloud computing infrastructures,and it is still a big challenge to pick the optimal cloud configurations in a cost-effective way.In this paper,we address this problem with a high accuracy and a low overhead.We propose Apollo,a data-driven approach that can rapidly pick the optimal cloud configurations by reusing data from similar workloads.We first classify 12 typical workloads in BigDataBench by characterizing pairwise correlations in our offline benchmarks.When a new workload comes,we run it with several small datasets to rank its key characteristics and get its similar workloads.Based on the rank,we then limit the search space of cloud configurations through a classification mechanism.At last,we leverage a hierarchical regression model to measure which cluster is more suitable and use a local search strategy to pick the optimal cloud configurations in a few extra tests.Our evaluation on 12 typical workloads in HiBench shows that compared with state-of-the-art approaches,Apollo can improve up to 30％ search accuracy,while reducing as much as 50％ overhead for picking the optimal cloud configurations.     

学习分析技术在大数据环境中的应用

学习分析是大数据在教育应用中的焦点,本文对学习分析的核心环节进行技术剖析,梳理主要的学习分析工具,以实证研究的方式,从课程建设者、教学管理者和辅导教师这3种不同用户视角展示学习分析技术的应用过程。研究以某课程平台的学习行为数据作为研究样本,应用统计、可视化、聚类、关联规则等方法,采用Excel,SPSS,Weka等工具,分析课程模块访问频次,了解不同教学组对学生登录周数的影响,刻画学生的分类特征,发现隐含的内在规律。研究表明,学习分析技术充分发挥了教育大数据的价值,使数据成为教学干预、实施决策的重要依据。