油井清防蜡剂的发展方向研究

石油是我国能源结构中的重要组成部分。因此,做好油井清防蜡剂的研发,为国民经济发展开采更多的高质量的原油,事关我国能源安全。本文分析了我国目前清防蜡剂产品的研发现状,进而探究油井清防蜡剂研究中出现的问题,最后提出研发高端新型油井清防蜡剂产品的建议。     

高蜡原油清防蜡剂的研制与应用

以科新公司防蜡剂产品KS-30-01(主要成分为聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯)为基础,通过对主溶剂和表面活性剂进行筛选研制了一种高蜡原油用管道用清防蜡剂.实验结果表明,降黏率、防蜡率均随防蜡剂用量的增多而增加,且溶蜡速率随清蜡剂用量的增多而增加.d号清防蜡剂对乍得原油防蜡率可达45.4％,溶蜡速率0.0441 g/min,降黏率7...     

基于差示扫描量热法的防蜡剂筛选

为了快速筛选评价出适合于J油田井筒的防蜡剂配方,利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定原油析蜡过程具有油样少、测试快、精度高的特点,对J油田B26井油样加剂前后析蜡参数进行分析。规范SY/T 0545-2012中采用的5℃/min降温速率并不适合文中所研究的油样,通过对比不同降温速率下的析蜡量与由SY/T 7550-2012所获得的含蜡量得出该油样最适宜的降温速率为13℃/min,以优选出的降温速率对B26井油样分别加入三种防蜡剂前后进行DSC析蜡参数测试。结果表明:DSC法可做为一种防蜡剂的快速筛选评价方法,筛选出的防蜡剂OGD6002效果最好,防蜡率达到66.3%。     

集输油管道中的结蜡与防蜡

文章阐述了集输油管道中的结蜡问题，分析了原油中蜡沉积物的基本组成、集输油管道结．蜡机理，总结了影响结蜡的因素，并概述了目前主要的防蜡技术。同时还介绍了防蜡剂的防蜡机理、类型以及油田集输油管道中常用的防蜡剂产品。     

延长油田高含蜡原油防蜡剂筛选

针对目前延长油田油井结蜡现状,筛选出了适用于延长油田原油的酯基防蜡剂,复配防蜡剂CH-1：CH-2=1：2,最佳加量为2 000 mg/L,其防蜡率满足实际需要.对延长原油的加剂前后原油的粘温性以及加剂前后原油的流变性的研究发现,该防蜡剂能使延长原油原有的粘度及剪切应力减小,利于原油的流动并达到防蜡目的.对加剂前后原油的显微结构分析发现,加入防蜡剂后含蜡油中的蜡晶消失,说明新型防蜡剂有抑制固相基团沉积的能力.     

顺北原油防蜡剂的研制及防蜡机理*

为防止顺北原油管道集输中结蜡,根据顺北原油析出蜡的碳链分布设计合成了以甲基丙烯酸十八酯、醋酸乙烯酯、对苯二乙烯为单体的超支化聚合物防蜡剂,考察了合成条件对防蜡剂防蜡性能的影响,采用冷指法评价了该防蜡剂的防蜡效果并分析了该防蜡剂的防蜡机理。研究结果表明,顺北原油的含蜡量为6.57%,析蜡点为23℃,在环境温度下极易结蜡。优化得到防蜡剂最佳合成条件为:甲基丙烯酸十八酯和醋酸乙烯酯摩尔比为5∶1,对苯二乙烯加量为单体总质量的0.02%,引发剂加量为单体总量的0.7%,聚合温度70℃,聚合时间为6 h。当防蜡剂加量为500 mg/L时防蜡率达到70%以上,表现出良好的防蜡效果。当加入防蜡剂600 mg/L后,原油凝点降低8℃,析蜡点降低13.4℃,防蜡剂与石蜡形成了共晶,破坏了石蜡的晶体结构,抑制了石蜡的继续增长,从而达到防蜡的效果。图19表1参10。     

采油用清防蜡剂防蜡率测定法

1.倒杯法的原理及优缺点 清防蜡剂防蜡率测定传统方法为倒杯法。倒杯法的原理是:在析蜡点温度下原油中的蜡会在杯壁上析出,通过测量加或不加清防蜡剂时的蜡析出     

防蜡剂GL-21的合成及性能评价

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸、十二醇、十四醇、十六醇以及十八醇为原料合成马来酸酐-丙烯酸高碳醇酯,通过静态结蜡法对其防蜡效果进行评价,筛选出马来酸酐-丙烯酸十六醇酯作防蜡剂,并对其合成条件进行正交优化。结果表明,当单体物质的量为5∶1,引发剂用量为反应物质量的1.5%,溶剂为反应物质量的10%,在反应温度50℃、反应时间4 h时,制备的马来酸酐-丙烯酸十六醇酯防蜡率可达81.85%。现场运用选择适宜的防蜡剂加量,能起到较好防蜡效果。     

高分子防蜡剂结构及影响防蜡效果的因素

阐述了蜡的沉积机理和高分子防蜡剂的防蜡机理，并对高分子防蜡剂的结构特点和影响防蜡效果的因素进行了综述。分析了高分子防蜡剂的相对分子质量分布、极性基团含量、碳数匹配原则、原油中组分等在防蜡过程中的作用，结果表明，高分子防蜡剂的防蜡效率不仅与自身分子物理化学性质有关，而且还受原油中组分的影响。     

水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂的研制与应用

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差及乳液型防蜡剂稳定性差等不足,利用表面活性剂亲水亲油基团结构特点,将蜡晶改进剂均匀地分散在水中,研究出具有低毒不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好等优点的水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂。室内实验表明,该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,降黏率和动态防蜡率大于70%。现场试验表明,采用连续加药方式,可有效减少洗井次数,提高油井产油量。     

Effect of surfactants and their blend with silica nanoparticles on wax deposition in a Malaysian crude oil

The present study investigated the wax deposition tendencies of a light Malaysian crude oil(42.4° API), and the wax inhibiting potential of some surfactants and their blends with nanoparticles. With the knowledge that the majority of the wax inhibition research revolved around polymeric wax inhibitors, which cause environmental issues, we highlighted the potential of surfactants and their blend with SiO_2 nanoparticles as wax deposition inhibitors. Different surfactants including oil-based, silane-based, Gemini and bio-surfactants were considered as primary surfactants. The primary surfactants and their respective blends at a concentration of 400 ppm were screened as wax inhibitor candidates using cold finger apparatus. The screening results showed a significant influence on the paraffin inhibition efficiency on wax deposition by using 400 ppm of silane-based surfactant, which decreased the wax deposition up to 53.9% as compared to that of the untreated crude oil. The inhibition efficiency among the silane-based surfactant(highest) and bio-surfactant(lowest)revealed an appreciable difference up to 36.5%. Furthermore, the wax from the treated sample was found to deposit in a thin gel-like form, which adhered inadequately to the surface of the cold finger. A further investigation by blending the 400 ppm silane-based surfactant with a 400 ppm SiO_2 nanoparticle suspension in a load ratio of 3:1 found that the wax inhibition decreased up to 81% as compared to the scenario when they were not added. However, we have shown that the synergy between the silane-based surfactant and the nanoparticles is influenced by the concentration and load ratio of surfactant and nanoparticles, residence time, differential temperature and rotation rate.     

国内石蜡行业现状及发展应用

中国是石蜡生产量最大的国家,但产品以半炼蜡和全炼蜡为主,未能充分发挥资源优势.文中主要介绍了国内石蜡的产能、产量、主要质量指标、市场供需、下游应用以及未来发展趋势,指出石蜡产能产量过剩,应用层次相对较低,蜡烛仍占较大比例,预计与市场经济发展相配套的蜡产品需求将快速增长,并对中国石蜡产品发展应用提出建议,旨在促进增强石蜡...     

防蜡防垢固体阻垢块的研制

结蜡、结垢是采油过程中常见的问题之一.本文通过固体阻垢剂水处理药剂氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)与高分子聚合物醋酸乙烯共聚物熔合成为固体防蜡防垢块.该技术运用了高分子聚合物缓慢释放及防蜡的特点,将药剂合二为一,达到一剂双效的作用;对防蜡防垢块进行了热稳定性,动态溶解速率,阻垢率,防蜡率,降黏率等试验,可根据现场结蜡、结垢...     

大庆原油管输结蜡规律与清管周期的确定

在确定不同流态区管壁处剪切应力、蜡晶溶解度系数、径向温度梯度及管道沿线温降分布的基础上,回归建立了适用于描述大庆油田某两联合站间输油管道蜡沉积的结蜡模型。根据差压法原理,建立了研究原油管输结蜡过程室内模拟试验装置,并覆盖该输油管道的典型工况条件开展了管输原油结蜡模拟试验。相对偏差分析表明,结蜡模型预测结果与试验值的适配性良好。进而在预测运行时间对该输油管道结蜡影响的基础上,结合结蜡层厚度对管道轴向温降及压降的作用,确定了年季节最高与最低土壤温度期的清管作业周期分别为4个月和3个月。     

Evaluation of the inhibitor selection on wax deposition for Malaysian crude oil

Wax precipitates from crude oil when a fluid is cooled down below its wax appearance temperature (WAT). This particularly happens during the transportation of crude oil in the pipeline system. In this study, chemical inhibitors were chosen to prevent and reduce wax formation using seven different types of inhibitors, which are poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (MA), diethanolamine (DEA), cocamide diethanolamine (C–DEA), toluene, acetone, and cyclohexane. The total waxes deposited from the cold finger test are subjected to the type of inhibitor, rotation speed of impeller, and inhibitor concentration. EVA is suggested as the most effective inhibitor based on the amount of wax deposit weight and the value of viscosity. Therefore, this result might be useful for further research work related to wax deposition in the area of crude oil production.     

含蜡原油石蜡沉积模拟方法研究

对从苏丹Unity油田现场取得有代表性的原油样品进行了原油组分分析和析蜡点测试。并针对油田的生产状况,利用与美国德士古石油公司合作建立的自动化高压石蜡沉积循环管道模拟系统,采用冷却实验步骤测试了苏丹原油从高于原油析蜡点温度到较低环境温度范围内在现场流速、油温和环境温度下的石蜡沉积速率,定量研究了流速和油温对石蜡沉积速率的影响,并采用分子扩散和剪切效应的总效应来描述石蜡沉积机理。利用临界蜡张力作为模拟放大因子,采用半经验的石蜡沉积数学模型,预测了Unity油田21井的生产井筒在现场生产条件下的石蜡沉积情况,模拟了不同产量和不同时间的蜡沉积剖面。结果表明,该油井在目前高产条件下,未发生石蜡沉积问题;在低产时,须考虑清蜡和防蜡措施。     

基于原油及蜡样实验的油井井筒结蜡规律综合分析

高含蜡原油生产时,油井井筒结蜡的影响因素很多也很复杂,仅通过对油样结蜡实验分析或者井筒结蜡厚度的理论分析进行结蜡规律研究比较片面,现场井筒蜡样实验分析及不同气油比压力下结蜡规律实验是必要的补充。以安塞油田高平2井区长10油层原油及蜡样为研究对象,通过黏温曲线测定析蜡温度、原油全组分实验分析、蜡样全组分实验分析、不同气油比和压力条件下实验分析、不同产液量和含水率的理论计算分析等多种手段,全面综合地研究和认识其结蜡规律,为制定清防蜡措施提供了更详实的依据。     

Screening of factor influencing wax deposition using full factorial experimental design

The purpose of this work was to study the rate of wax deposition of Malaysian crude oil using full factorial design. Important parameters affecting wax deposition such as experimental duration, speed of rotation, cold finger temperature, and inhibitor concentration were investigated. The individual effects of variables and its interaction effects towards the dependent variables were studied. Wax deposit is the dependent variable. The results of the study showed that less wax deposit was obtained (0.75 g) with optimal conditions of initial poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) concentration of 5000 ppm, 2 h duration without rotation speed, and 15°C cold finger temperature. These results demonstrate that cold finger temperature and experimental duration could be the main factors affecting wax deposit formation. The minimum amount of wax deposit obtained could reduce the chances of blocked pipelines; however, crude oil production increased. Nevertheless, Design Expert can be a valuable tool to quantify and detect the special relationships of two of more factors known as interactions regarding how they factors could affect a process, especially for screening purpose.