Zr微合金化HSLA钢粗晶热影响区的组织和性能

用焊接热模拟法研究了Zr处理对 (%):≤ 0.18C-1.2～1.6Mn低合金高强度(HSLA)钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,Zr含量在0.01%～0.03%时,经过30～100kJ/cm线能量焊接热模拟后,CGHAZ的强度、塑性和-50℃冲击韧性都高于没有经过Zr处理的试验钢;Zr钢显微硬度(HV10)177～251,具有优良的焊接性。焊接线能量相同时,没有经过Zr处理试验钢CGHAZ的晶粒比Zr处理钢粗大;焊接线能量为 30kJ/cm时 ,各试验钢CGHAZ的组织以贝氏体为主 ,随着焊接线能量提高 ,CGHAZ中出现针状铁素体和少量珠光体。     

大线能量焊接用钢CGHAZ冲击韧性内在机理分析

针状铁素体(AF)一直被认为是提升大线能量焊接用钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)韧性最有效的组织之一,但在一些试验中,有时即使发现CGHAZ中有大量AF组织,韧性也并不好。为了研究大线能量焊接用钢CGHAZ中不同类型组织及夹杂物对其冲击韧性的影响作用,从CGHAZ冲击试验出发,借鉴前人研究经验,对影响CGHAZ韧性的主要因素进行深入分析。结果显示,CGHAZ中微米级夹杂物容易成为裂纹萌生点,而晶内位错效应、冲击触发的体积效应等可以抑制裂纹传播,CGHAZ中析出的少量纳米级碳氮化物可以提升AF形核能力,增强CGHAZ韧性和强度,但当析出粒子过多时,会降低CGHAZ韧性。     

600 MPa级高能量输入焊接压力钢管用钢的研制

经过系列技术攻关,改进了武钢专用钢板冶炼及连铸过程中一些工艺,形成了一套自主操作技术模式,生产的微合金化低合金高强钢中杂质含量显著降低,钢板性能稳定性明显提高.利用武钢新改进的冶炼技术研制了一种600 MPa级低焊接裂纹敏感性高能量输入焊接水电站压力钢管用钢,研究了该钢的力学性能、微观组织结构以及焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织特征及力学性能.结果表明,研制的新钢种集高强度、高韧性、优异的焊接性能于一体,且能承受大线能量焊接,焊前不预热,焊后不热处理.CGHAZ中弥散分布的复合氧化物夹杂促使针状铁素体的形成,提高了CGHAZ的力学性能.     

大线能量焊接用钢热影响区组织和性能的研究进展

工程结构向大型化、高参数化方向发展，促进了大线能量焊接技术的应用，因此使传统的低合金高强度钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的性能恶化，相应地对钢板提出了抗大线能量焊接的要求。为提高CGHAZ的性能，国内外广泛研究奥氏体晶粒、二次组织和针状铁素体对CGHAZ性能的影响。Ti微合金化和针状铁素体组织有利于提高CGHAZ的综合性能。     

Ca-Mg处理对X80管线钢夹杂物及性能的影响

在工业生产中进行了X80管线钢Ca-Mg复合处理与Ca处理工业试验。分析了Ca-Mg复合处理和Ca处理钢中夹杂物的变化特征，研究了Ca-Mg复合处理对X80管线钢中夹杂物及性能的影响。结果表明：Ca-Mg处理钢中夹杂物主要是Mg-Ca-Al-O系夹杂，Ca处理钢中夹杂物主要是Ca-Al-O系夹杂；Ca-Mg处理钢中粒径小于1μm的夹杂物数量密度相对较高，大于1μm的夹杂物较少；Ca-Mg处理钢中存在大量尺寸细小的TiN夹杂物，可以起到细化晶粒、提升焊接热影响区韧性的作用。在100 kJ/cm的焊接线能量下，其焊接热影响区韧性大幅度提高。     

镁处理对CGHAZ冲击韧性及裂纹扩展的影响

通过镁处理Q345GJ钢引入含镁的复合夹杂物,研究其对大线能量焊接(线能量为100 kJ/cm)粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和断裂韧性的影响。结果显示,试验钢经镁处理后CGHAZ韧性值明显提高(冲击功由56 J提高到108 J)。主要原因为,镁处理钢在CGHAZ焊接热循环冷却过程中优先形成含镁的复合夹杂物,作为高表面能的惰性基体,其周围形成的贫锰区和高能应变场共同促进针状铁素体(AF)形核,AF体积分数为(82.9±2.0)%,宽度为(0.96±0.1)μm(无镁处理钢对应为(32.4±1.5)%、(3.13±0.2)μm);研究了大线能量焊接后CGHAZ冲击试样中微孔的形成及裂纹扩展,两种试验钢夹杂物附近均存在大量位错,变形过程中位错通过夹杂物时形成位错环堆积引起局部应力集中;当应力积累到无法使相邻晶粒的位错源开启时,不利于滑移取向上的应力达到临界值导致微孔的产生,相邻微孔在外力作用下连接形成裂纹。无镁处理钢CGHAZ区域微孔更为密集,受力后更易形成微裂纹。镁处理钢CGHAZ区域大角度晶界比例为80.2%、几何必要位错密度(GND)为0.806、局部取向差分布值(KAM)为0.91...     

微镁处理对车轮钢组织与性能的调控作用

为揭示Mg在低碳微合金钢中的作用,以HR60车轮钢为研究对象,分别进行实验室感应炉试验和工业试验。采用OM、SEM-EDS和INCA定量统计等方法对比不同处理钢中典型夹杂物特征和微观组织形貌,并对试验钢的力学性能进行测定。结果表明:Mg处理后,钢中Al_2O_3夹杂变质为细小的MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物,且含Mg夹杂物粒子可有效诱导针状铁素体形核,组织由"多边形铁素体(PF)+珠光体(P)"向"多边形铁素体(PF)+针状铁素体(AF)+退化珠光体(DP)"演变,组织得到细化;Mg处理后,车轮钢强度提高,工业试验钢中,Mg处理钢疲劳极限均大于460MPa,Ca处理钢疲劳极限在450MPa左右,Mg处理钢的疲劳寿命普遍优于Ca处理钢;实验室试验中,降低Nb、Ti含量,当钢中Mg的质量分数为18×10-6时,车轮钢的强度接近基准钢,认为利用Mg的微合金化作用来降低生产成本的方案具有可行性。     

硫化物改质对20MnCr5齿轮钢夹杂物和切削性能的影响

 齿轮钢广泛应用于汽车、机械等传动系统,易切削化是提高齿轮加工效率、降低制造成本的主要途径之一。提高钢中硫元素含量是改善齿轮钢切削性能的有效方式,然而过多的硫元素在轧制时会形成条带状MnS,增大钢的各向异性,因此需要对硫化物进行改制处理。分别采用Ca处理和Mg处理两种方式对20MnCr5齿轮钢进行硫化物改质,通过对力学性能、组织形态、夹杂物分布以及切削性能等表征,对比分析不同改制方式对材料的影响。结果表明,Ca处理和Mg处理后试验钢的强度和塑性保持一致,而Mg处理试样的晶粒尺寸较小,因而韧性较高。Ca处理试验钢中MnS夹杂物数量较多,长条状夹杂物比例相对较高;而采用Mg处理可以有效降低钢中夹杂物的数量,夹杂物平均尺寸有所增大,同时小长径比夹杂物数量增多,但是复合氧化物型夹杂物的数量也有所增加。在240~280 m/min条件下进行了干切削试验,结果表明两种试验钢均出现前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损和边界磨损,其中Ca处理试样的刀具磨损较为严重,同时在较高切削速度下出现了积屑瘤和崩角现象,而Mg处理试样则具有更长的刀具使用寿命,对切削速度的敏感性也较低。分析可知,Mg处理后钢中存在较多的大尺寸球状硫化物夹杂物,提高了应力集中效应,更有利于改善切削性能,因而改制效果更好。     

氧化物冶金工艺对EH36钢HAZ组织性能的影响

设计了Ti- Ca和Ti- Mg两种氧化物冶金脱氧工艺的EH36实验钢来考察粗晶热影响区的组织性能和冲击韧性。结果表明,两种处理工艺的实验钢热模拟后的焊接热影响区内都有大量细小的晶内针状铁素体产生;与Ti- Ca脱氧工艺相比,采用Ti- Mg脱氧工艺的实验钢,焊接热影响区中针状组织更加明显,夹杂物的类型也更加复杂,同时Ti- Mg复合脱氧工艺在焊接热循环中能够更好地钉扎奥氏体晶界。-40℃的冲击数据表明,Ti- Mg脱氧工艺处理后的实验钢HAZ冲击性能优于Ti- Ca处理工艺。     

含钛低合金高强钢焊接热影响区晶内铁素体形核机制研究

利用透射电子显微 地含钛低合金高强钢的焊接热影响区（HAZ）晶内铁素体（IGF）的形核机理进行了试验研究。对IGF精细组织的研究表明，IGF非均匀形核核心主要为外部析出了一层Mn硫化物并富含Si元素的Ti氧化物复合粒子；对该复合夹杂物粒子的EDX谱分析表明，该粒子对Si的吸附能力大于Mn；IGF的形核长大与Mn硫化物的热膨胀相关系数、复合夹杂物粒子周围存在的小范围贫Mn区以及该粒子中的富Si有关。     

超低碳微合金X100管线钢CO2焊焊接接头的组织和性能

 采用CO2焊接方法焊接X100管线钢,分析了不同焊接工艺下焊接接头组织和性能的变化特征。随着焊接热输入的增加,焊接接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,焊缝和热影响区处的冲击吸收功呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,而焊缝组织均以针状铁素体（AF）为主。焊接热输入为1.17 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的显微组织主要是贝氏体铁素体（BF）,强韧匹配性最为优异;当热输入增加至1.91 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的组织除了BF外,还出现了粒状贝氏体（GB）,强韧水平明显降低。综合考虑,可将1.17 kJ/mm作为X100管线钢CO2焊接时的最佳热输入。     

线能量对V-N-Ti和Nb-Ti船板焊接接头组织性能的影响

为了验证实验室研究结果,研究了100 kJ/cm线能量对V-N-Ti和Nb-Ti船板焊接接头组织和性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,2种船板钢屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率相当,V-N-Ti钢-40℃冲击功显著高于Nb-Ti钢;2种成分钢板焊接接头热影响区-20℃冲击功相当,而V-N-Ti钢焊缝金属冲击功显著低于Nb-Ti钢;...     

焊接热输入对X90管线钢CGHAZ组织和冲击性能的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术、显微组织分析和冲击试验的方法,研究焊接线能量对X90管线钢粗晶热影响区组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,不同线能量下试验钢的组织均为板条贝氏体(LBF)和粒状贝氏体(GBF),线能量为25 kJ/cm时,试验钢的组织主要为LBF,冲击功较高;随着焊接线能量的增加,GBF增加,晶粒粗化,韧性显著下降。     

Particles,Microstructures, and Impact Toughness of CGHAZ of Ca Deoxidation Shipbuilding Steel Plates with Different Nb Contents

Herein, the effects of the Nb content on the particles, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of base metal (BM) and high-heat input coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of shipbuilding steel plates with Ca deoxidation are studied. With increasing Nb content, the strength and microhardness of the BM increase without significant loss of impact toughness. However, in CGHAZ, the average grain size increases from 168 to 244 μm, and the brittle phase fraction increases from 0.33% to 11.76%. The high-angled grain boundary (HAGB) density in microstructures reduces from 0.35 to 0.19 μm⁻¹, and the average effective grain sizes increase from 10.97 to 12.48 μm. The particles in 40 Nb-BM and 40 Nb-CGHAZ are mainly cubic TiN particles. In 170 Nb, except for cubic particles, there are approximately ellipsoid particles with high value of Nb content, which tend to dissolve into matrix at the elevated temperature. With increasing Nb content, the average size of particles in CGHAZ increases from 18.33 to 32.29 nm, and the number density decreases from 13.44 to 10.35 μm⁻². Therefore, the impact toughness of CGHAZ decreases from 197 to 96 J at −20 °C under the high-heat input welding of 400 kJ cm⁻¹.     

The significant impact of Ti content on microstructure–toughness relationship in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

This study aims to investigate the influence of Ti addition on microstructure and toughness in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels. The steels with low and high Ti content respectively were subjected to 100?kJ/cm heat input welding thermal cycle. The results indicated that the second-phase particles were mainly oxide covered with MnS and fine (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in low-Ti steel, which were modified to the oxide surrounded by TiN and coarse (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in high-Ti steel. Compared with low-Ti steels, the coarser precipitates induced larger austenite grain in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Moreover, the wrapping of TiN decreases the ability of inclusion to promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, resulting in lower fraction of acicular ferrite in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Content of martensite-austenite constituent increased in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. They were all responsible for the degeneration in toughness in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel.     

轧制工艺对V-N-Ti钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织和韧性的影响

摘 要: 为了分析大线能量焊接下接头低温韧性的影响因素,研究轧制工艺对V-N-Ti钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和韧性的影响。试验结果表明,当终轧温度从950降低到800 ℃,且t_8/5(从800冷却到500 ℃的时间)为180 s时,CGHAZ中铁素体面积百分数从91.2%降低到53.9%,贝氏体面积百分数从0%增加到31.1%,-20 ℃冲击功从182降低到92 J。上述现象是由于终轧温度影响了母材中尺寸为30~70 nm的富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)粒子的成分。与低温终轧相比,高终轧温度条件下母材中富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)粒子的V元素含量较高,这使其在焊接加热过程中更易发生溶解,并在焊接冷却过程中以细小富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)析出,钉扎奥氏体晶界;焊接冷却过程中,富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)可以作为V元素的析出核心促进VN的析出,提高了其铁素体形核能力,改善了CGHAZ组织和韧性。     

Q690q耐候桥梁钢免预热焊接热影响区的组织性能

针对Q690q耐候桥梁钢,利用MMS-300热模拟试验机进行焊接热循环过程模拟试验,研究了10.5～114.9 kJ/cm热输入下粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)、细晶热影响区(FGHAZ)和不完全相变热影响区(ICHAZ)的微观组织以及冲击韧性、硬度的变化情况,并观察了冲击断口形貌,然后采用优选的焊接热输入,进行了免预热的药芯焊丝熔化极气体保护焊(FCAW)和埋弧焊(SAW)的焊接工艺评定试验。结果表明,热输入较低时,CGHAZ和FGHAZ主要生成板条马氏体组织、ICHAZ出现岛状的M/A组元,其冲击韧性低、硬度高;热输入较高时,CGHAZ主要生成大尺寸的粒状贝氏体、准上贝氏体或上贝氏体组织,同时大尺寸的块状M/A组元数量不断增加、尺寸变大,其冲击韧性显著降低。FGHAZ生成较多多边形或准多边形铁素体、珠光体等高温转变组织,其硬度降低明显。ICHAZ除生成准多边形铁素体、无碳化物贝氏体和退化珠光体外,回火索氏体基体组织中的碳化物颗粒尺寸不断变大,其强韧性不断降低;热输入为18.2～25.7 kJ/cm时,CGHAZ以板条束细小且异向的板条贝氏体为主、FGHAZ形成细小均匀的板条贝氏体和粒状...     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in Ti-Killed Steels and Microstructurai Evolution in Welding Induced Coarse-Grained Heat Affected Zone

Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti-bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ),with enhanced impact toughness in Ti-killed steels,which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti-O+Ti-Mg-O compound oxide to the Ti-Mg-O+ MgO compound oxide and the single-phase MgO,as the Mg content increased from 0.002 3% to 0.006%.A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0.002 %) led to the refinement of Ti-bearing inclusions by creating the Ti-Mg-O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ,and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness.Otherwise,a high content of Mg (approximately 0.006%) produced a single-phase MgO,which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite,and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ.The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

厚钢板焊接热影响区失效机理分析及改善方法研究

分析了厚钢板大线能量焊接后热影响区(HAZ)的失效机理,介绍了利用微细夹杂物改善HAZ性能的研究情况.粗晶热影响区脆化是由于晶粒粗大及不良组织而引起,粗大的奥氏体晶粒是焊接热影响区韧性恶化的主要原因.抑制焊接HAZ晶粒长大是改善厚钢板可焊性的关键因素.用真空感应炉分别冶炼了不同成分的钢,研究Mg对低碳钢HAZ性能的影响.结果表明含Mg钢HAZ的低温韧性较比不含Mg钢有较大幅度提高.通过激光高温显微镜原位观察发现,含Mg钢在1400℃保温300 s后奥氏体晶粒仍然保持着细小的结构,这主要归功于Mg添加后生成的细小粒子所产生的钉扎作用,该发现为改善厚板HAZ韧性提供了一种方法.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in TiKilled Steels and Microstructural Evolution in Welding Induced CoarseGrained Heat Affected Zone

 Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with enhanced impact toughness in Ti killed steels, which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti O+Ti Mg O compound oxide to the Ti Mg O+MgO compound oxide and the single phase MgO, as the Mg content increased from 0002 3% to 0006%. A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0002%) led to the refinement of Ti bearing inclusions by creating the Ti Mg O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ, and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness. Otherwise, a high content of Mg (approximately 0006%) produced a single phase MgO, which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite, and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ. The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.