Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层工艺及性能研究

研究了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中石墨含量、镀液中钨酸钠含量、阳极类型等因素对电沉积Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层中石墨含量、镀速、外观的影响,确定了复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:以Ni为阳极、电沉积时间为0.5h、镀液中石墨的含量是20g/L、镀液中钨酸钠的含量是10g/L、电流密度是2A/dm2.并对镀层的形貌、耐蚀性、抗氧化性进行了测定,结果表明:与Ni-P-W复合镀层相比,Ni-P-W-石墨复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

镀液中纳米颗粒浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni复合电沉积的影响

利用电沉积方法制备了n-Al2O3/Ni复合镀层.研究了镀液中添加不同纳米颗粒浓度对复合镀层沉积速率、电流效率、镀层中纳米颗粒共析量、表面形貌及腐蚀电位的影响.研究表明,随着镀液中纳米颗粒浓度提高,镀层中的纳米颗粒共析量也随之提高,在20 g/L时趋于稳定;沉积速度和电流效率先增后降,在30 g/L时达到最大;纳米颗粒的加入改变并细化了镀层的表面形貌;当纳米颗粒浓度20 g/L和30 g/L时镀层表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

WC/Co含量对Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层腐蚀性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积制备出Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层,研究镀液中WC/Co含量对复合镀层晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和硬度的影响;室温下,通过测试复合镀层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,分析镀层的耐蚀性能。结果表明:随着镀液中WC/Co含量增加,复合镀层平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,硬度则是先增大后减小,复合镀层的耐蚀性能是先升高后降低。当WC/Co含量为30 g/L时,复合镀层的平均晶粒尺寸最小,硬度最高,腐蚀电位(E_(corr))较高,腐蚀电流密度(I_(corr))最低,耐蚀性能最佳。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层及腐蚀防护机理研究

目的为提高镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的腐蚀防护性能。方法在AZ31B镁合金表面,先化学镀Ni-Cu-P,再化学镀Ni-P,制备Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层。研究复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、厚度和腐蚀电流密度随镀液硫酸铜浓度的变化规律,表征1.0 g/L硫酸铜质量浓度下,复合镀层的截面形貌、成分和晶态结构。结合动电位极化曲线和盐雾试验,分析复合镀层的耐蚀性能和腐蚀防护机理。结果复合镀层中的铜含量随硫酸铜浓度的增加而升高,铜对复合镀层的结构和性能影响很大。通过抑制镀层表面胞状物的生长和增加形核点数量,铜的共沉积能够大幅提高复合镀层的致密性。随硫酸铜浓度的增加,样品表面的催化活性下降,镀液稳定性升高,由此导致复合镀层的厚度随硫酸铜浓度的增加而明显下降。硫酸铜质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,复合镀层均匀致密,并具有可钝化性,按照ISO 9227,其耐盐雾腐蚀时间超过180 h。结论化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层能够赋予镁合金表面优异的耐蚀性能,复合镀层所具有的可钝化性和均匀致密的镀层结构,是镀层腐蚀防护性能提升的主要原因。     

电沉积Fe-Cr-Ni合金的电化学腐蚀行为

以硫酸盐为主盐,研究了工艺参数中温度、电流密度对Fe-Cr-Ni镀层沉积速率和腐蚀性能的影响。采用电化学试验方法研究不同条件下所获得的镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,结果表明,在饱和NaCl溶液中镀层都有钝化性能。60℃下获得的镀层有明显过钝化现象,抗腐蚀性能较差。不同电流密度下的镀层显示了不同的电化学性能。电流密度为5 A/dm2时,处于钝态时,电流随着电位的正移逐渐增大是一个非常缓慢的过程,钝化膜仍然发挥作用。在饱和NaCl溶液中,电流密度为5 A/dm2时所获得的镀层的耐蚀性能较好。     

Cr颗粒尺寸对Ni-Cr复合镀层在酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为影响研究

为了对Cr颗粒尺寸如何影响Ni-Cr复合镀层的电化学腐蚀性能有更深的认识,采用复合电镀技术,通过向普通电镀溶液中分别加入平均粒度约为40nm和1～5μm Cr粉的方法,在Ni基材上制备了2种Cr含量相近的Ni-Cr复合镀层.利用动电位极化及交流阻抗技术对比研究了2种Ni-Cr复合镀层及纯Ni镀层在0.5mol/L NaCl+0.05mol/L H2SO4的酸性溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.实验结果表明:在0.5mol/L NaCl+0.05mol/L H2SO4溶液中, 与微米Cr分布的Ni-Cr复合镀层相比,Ni-Cr纳米复合镀层独特的结构有利于快速形成稳定而又富Cr保护性钝化膜,使得Ni-Cr纳米复合镀层表现出优异的耐蚀性能.     

NiCl2 含量对电沉积 Ni-纳米 TiN 复合镀层过程的影响

目的针对氨基磺酸镍体系镀镍液,优化活化剂NiCl2的用量,提高Ni-纳米TiN复合镀层的性能。方法采用超声-脉冲电沉积工艺制备Ni-纳米Ti N复合镀层,研究NiCl2含量对镀液的电导率及复合镀层的厚度、显微硬度、表面微观形貌等的影响。结果镀液的电导率及复合镀层的厚度、显微硬度均随NiCl2含量的增加呈现先增大、后减小的变化趋势。当NiCl2的用量为30 g/L时,镀液的导电性能最佳,电导率值为61.3 m S/cm,复合镀层的厚度及显微硬度均达到最大值,分别为84μm和760HV,并且复合镀层表面平整光滑,晶粒尺寸最小。结论 NiCl2含量对镀液及复合镀层的性能有很大影响,适量的NiCl2可以防止阳极钝化,提高镀液的导电能力及沉积速率,使复合镀层的厚度增加,显微硬度提高,晶粒细化,微观形貌获得改善,性能提高。适宜的NiCl2用量为30 g/L。     

镀液中纳米颗粒浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni复合电沉积的影响

利用电沉积方法制备了n–Al₂O₃/Ni复合镀层。研究了镀液中添加不同纳米颗粒浓度对复合镀层沉积速率、电流效率、镀层中纳米颗粒共析量、表面形貌及腐蚀电位的影响。研究表明，随着镀液中纳米颗粒浓度提高，镀层中的纳米颗粒共析量也随之提高，在20 g/L时趋于稳定；沉积速度和电流效率先增后降，在30 g/L时达到最大；纳米颗粒的加入改变并细化了镀层的表面形貌；当纳米颗粒浓度20 g/L和30 g/L时镀层表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

黑Cr-C纳米复合功能镀层的制备及影响因素

研究镀液中纳米C颗粒浓度、电流密度、温度、搅拌方式等对复合电沉积Cr-C镀层性能的影响.利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析镀层表面显微组织及相结构,利用显微硬度计对复合镀层进行显微硬度测试.结果表明,调整工艺参数可获得表面结晶均匀致密的黑Cr-C纳米复合镀层,显微硬度最高达10.8 GPa,镀层中颗粒体积分数最高达8.82%.电沉积复合镀最佳工艺参数是：电流密度为100 A/dm2、温度为15 ℃、镀液中纳米C颗粒含量为10 g/L,采用超声波分散辅助慢速机械搅拌.     

铈盐对电镀锡参数和性能的影响

研究了镀液中铈盐含量不同时对电镀锡参数及性能的影响.测定了镀液的均镀能力和镀层抗介质腐蚀的能力,探讨了铈盐的加入对镀层电导率的影响,实验证明,一定量铈盐的加入可扩大阴极电流密度范围,增强镀液的均镀能力,加宽镀层的光亮范围,提高镀层的耐蚀性和镀层的电导率,结果表明,铈盐的最佳添加量为15g/L.     

Cr颗粒对Ni-Graphene复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化

目的电沉积技术制备Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层,调查不同Cr颗粒浓度对复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化影响。方法利用电沉积技术在镍铝青铜(NAB)表面制备出Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与拉曼光谱仪(Raman),对复合沉积层的形貌、成分与组织结构(晶粒大小、结晶形状及结晶织构)进行表征,并采用显微硬度计与电化学工作站分别对沉积层的硬度及耐腐蚀性能进行调查。结果Graphene颗粒使得纯Ni沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸由175.3 nm减小到Ni-0Cr-4Graphene沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸60.5nm。随着Cr颗粒质量浓度进一步从0g/L增加到100 g/L,Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中的Cr质量分数从0%增加到23.8%,且Ni晶粒尺寸进一步减小到Ni-100Cr-4Graphene沉积层的29.1nm,Ni[200]结晶织构被消除。Graphene与Cr颗粒显著提高了Ni-CrGraphene复合沉积层的表面硬度,所有复合沉积层的显微硬度均高于纯Ni沉积层(260.1HV0.2),且在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,沉积层平均显微硬度为489.8HV0.2。同时Graphene与Cr颗粒改善了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,复合沉积层的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)为-0.21 V,自腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)为0.25μA/cm^2,其相对纯Ni沉积层Jcorr(7.01μA/cm^2)降低了1个数量级。结论溶液中Cr颗粒浓度的增加引起了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中Cr含量的增加,使得更多Cr颗粒与Graphene颗粒共同作为Ni金属结晶形核点,促进了Ni的晶粒细化与织构转变,最终提高了复合沉积层的硬度与耐腐蚀性能。     

包铝LY12铝合金表面镀铬层的界面显微组织及耐蚀性能

利用电镀法在包铝LY12铝合金表面上制备约20 μm厚 的Cr镀层，通过对热处理前后镀铬试样的断面显微硬度分布的测试，用扫描电镜对镀铬试样的断面形貌进行观察分析以及电子探针测定镀铬试样界面处的元素线分布状态等分析了镀铬试样的界面显微组织.同时，分别在60℃、Na2CO3(25 g/L)和室温、NaOH(10 g/L)两种溶液中对镀铬层的耐蚀性能进行了考察.结果表明，通过镀铬处理在上述两种腐蚀环境下使包铝LY12铝合金的耐蚀性能得到显著提高.     

Microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of Fe-Al-based intermetallic aluminide coatings under acidic condition

Two Fe-Al-based intermetallic aluminide coatings were fabricated on 430-SS (Fe-Cr) and 304-SS (Fe-Cr-Ni) substrates by pressure-assisted solid diffusion bonding with coating on pure Fe as control. The microstructure and intermetallic phases of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS and EBSD. A network of Cr₂Al₁₃ with matrix of Fe₄Al₁₃ was formed by inter-diffusing of Al with the substrates. The corrosion behavior of intermetallic coatings was investigated in 0.5 mol/L HCl solution by mass-loss, OCP, Tafel plot and EIS. It was found that corrosion resistance was greatly enhanced by dozens of times after the addition of Cr and Ni compared with that on pure Fe. The presence of cracks in the coating on 430-SS provided a pathway for corrosion media to penetrate to the substrate and accelerated the corrosion rate. Moreover, the corrosion product was analyzed by XRD, demonstrating that the addition of Cr and Ni facilitated the formation of more corrosion resistant phases, and therefore improved corrosion resistance.     

闭合场非平衡磁控溅射镀Cr-C层的耐蚀性研究

    利用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在高速钢表面制备Cr-C镀层。采用电化学腐蚀法研究了Cr-C镀层、电镀Cr层及高速钢基体的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在1 mol/L NaCl、1 mol/L HCl及7.5 mol/L NaOH溶液中,闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀制备的Cr-C镀层的耐蚀性优于电镀Cr镀层,并且其Cr含量越高耐腐蚀性越好.     

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Electrodeposited Ni-Co-ZrC Coatings

In this present work, ZrC particles incorporated Ni-Co composite coatings were electrodeposited. The objective of this article is to study the influence of Co content on the microstructure and properties of Ni-Co-ZrC coatings. Pure Ni and Ni-ZrC coatings have also been electrodeposited for comparison. Surface morphology, chemical composition, microstructure, and microhardness of Ni-Co-ZrC coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, x-ray diffractometer, and Vicker microhardness tester. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was applied to measure the corrosion behavior of the coatings. By increasing Co concentration in electrolyte, Co content of the coatings was modified from 0 to 80 wt.% and ZrC particles content of the coatings was reduced. As the Co content increased, the dominant phase structure was changed from face centered cubic to hexagonal close packed crystal structure. Surface morphology of the Ni-Co-ZrC coatings was changed from nodular to sharp corner structure, and finally branched morphology with increasing Co content of the coating. Among the electrodeposited coatings, Ni-Co-ZrC coating with 42 wt.% Co content exhibited the highest microhardness. The corrosion potential of the coating was shifted to more positive with increasing the Co content from 0 to 64 wt.%. The lowest corrosion rate of 4.507 × 10^?7 g·h^?1·cm^?2 was found for Ni-Co-ZrC coating at the Co content of 75 wt.%.     

掺杂钨丝电沉积铬的工艺研究

为了研究掺杂钨丝（真空镀铬加热元件）表面电解沉积一定厚度（≥100μm）金属铬的工艺,详细考察了不同温度、电流密度、沉积时间等对镀层的影响,并对镀层进行了性能测试。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：铬酐150—180μg／L,硫酸1．5～1．8g/L,稀土（La^3＋）添加剂0．5-1．5#L,温度为55℃,电流密度为8～10A／dm^2,电镀时间3h。此工艺条件下所得镀层光亮,色泽好,厚度可达100μm,且镀层耐蚀性好,结合力高。     

The correlation among deposition parameters,structure and corrosion behaviour of ZnNi/nano-SiC composite coating deposited by pulsed and pulsed reverse current

The present work shows how the parameters of pulsed current (PC) deposition affect structural and morphological characteristics of electrodeposited ZnNi/nano-SiC composite coating and its corrosion properties. In this regard, ZnNi coatings containing SiC nanoparticles were electrodeposited from chloride bath by PC and pulsed reverse current (PRC) methods, and the effect of duty cycle, frequency and reverse current density were studied. With low and high duty cycles the SiC content of the coating was more than the coating deposited by medium duty cycle. Changing the duty cycle affected the coating composition, structure and morphology. Elevation of the pulse frequency increased SiC content of the coating. Application of PRC produced a coating with a complex and dendritic structure. In most of the electrodeposition conditions, in addition to direct effects of PC on coatings characteristics, it was seen that the more SiC was deposited in the coating the less Ni was deposited, and this also affected the corrosion behaviour. The best corrosion resistance behaviour was shown by coatings with more compact structure and less porosity.     

Corrosion and passivation mechanism of chromium diboride coatings on stainless steel

The corrosion resistance of fully crystalline CrB₂ coatings magnetron sputtered onto AISI 316L stainless steel was tested in acidic solutions. CrB₂ coatings showed excellent corrosion protection, but suffered a breakdown when an anodic potential of greater than about +1 V (SHE) was applied to the surface in a 1 M HCl electrolyte. The coating failure at high potentials is attributed to transpassive dissolution of the coating at volume defects, enabling the electrolyte to reach the underlying 316L substrate, resulting in its rapid corrosion and subsequent fracturing of the coating. Electrochemical data and potential-pH (Pourbaix) diagrams, constructed from thermodynamic data, indicate that the corrosion resistance of CrB₂ is due to the formation of a Cr(III) oxide passive film in the absence of activation corrosion.     

Zr含量对磁控溅射NiCrZr薄膜结构及耐蚀性的影响

目的在316L不锈钢基体表面磁控溅射Ni CrZr薄膜,提高其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。方法采用非平衡磁控溅射技术,在316L不锈钢基体上,用Ni Cr(原子比80:20)复合靶和纯Zr靶制备了不同Zr含量的Ni CrZr薄膜。采用XRD、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和Gamry电化学工作站,分别分析了Ni Cr Zr薄膜的物相组成、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、截面形貌、元素组成、厚度以及在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能。结果随着Zr靶功率的增加,薄膜中Zr含量不断增加,薄膜的组织结构不断细化,表面粗糙度由4.91 nm减小到了2.79 nm。薄膜主要由Cr3Ni2、Cr1.2Ni0.8Zr、Cr2Zr、CrO3、Ni Cr O4和ZrO2相组成,表明薄膜容易在空气中氧化。此外,随着Zr含量的增加,与316L基体相比,Ni Cr Zr薄膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流减小,腐蚀电位增大。当Zr原子分数为24.73%时,NiCrZr薄膜可以在溶液中形成稳定的钝化膜,从而表现出最佳的耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度达到最小值13.10nA/cm2,与316L基体相比减小了95%。结论 Zr含量的增加可以使薄膜变得更加细密,有效阻隔电解质与基体的接触,从而提高涂层的耐蚀性。     

The effect of heat treatment temperature on the structure and barrier performance of a zirconia coating electrodeposited by pulse current

Zirconia coatings were prepared by heat-treating the electrodeposited zirconium hydroxide produced by pulse current on 316L stainless steel. The results showed that a coating with amorphous structure obtained after heat treating at 200 °C, reveals no corrosion barrier performance. Heat treating at 400 °C resulted in zirconia coating with nanocrystalline/amorphous structure, which reveals a strong corrosion barrier performance. This coating shows a high value of pore resistance and Warburg behaviour in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As the temperature was raised to 600 °C, an entirely nanocrystalline structure was found. However, this coating revealed muddy shape cracks, with inferior corrosion barrier performance.